US1700480A - High-pressure steam-boiler plant for portable engines - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 29, 1929.

0. H. HARTMANN HIGH PRESSURE STEAM BOILER PLANT FOR PORTABLE ENGINES Filed *Sept. 12, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet m w #0. m n 0 WITNESS v r1 TTOR/VEYS Jan. 29, 1929. 1,700,480

' 0. H. HARTMANN HIGH PRESSURE STEAM BOILER PLANT FOR PORTABLE ENGINES Filed Sept. '12, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 K m M W ATTORNEYS Patented 29 1929.

UNITED STATES 1,700,400 PATENT OFFICE.

OTTO H. HABTMANN, OP OABSEIa-WILHELHSHOHE, GERMANY, LBSIGNOR TO I BCHHIDTSCHE HEISBDAIPF-GESELLSCHAFT M. B; H O! CASSEL-WILHELMSEOKE,

GERMANY, A. CORPORATION OF GERMANY.

HIGH-PRES!!! STEAM-BOILER PLANT FOR PORTABLE ENGINES.

Application filed september'lfl, 1824, Serial No. 787,311, and in Germany Iaii'nary as, 1924.

M invention relates to steam boiler plants, particularly those of a portable or travelling character and has been designed especially for use in conjunction with locomotive engines. Locomotive boilers are at present exclusively of the fire vtube type; this, however, is not suitable for pressures above 16 atmospheres and the present invention intends to provide a boiler plant capable of developing live steam of a pressure well above 16 atmospheres, and particularly 30 atmosheres and over. Various other types of boilers have been suggested for use under the conditions just referred to, but such other 16 typesdo not permit of the ready reconstruction and remodelling of existing locomotives and are therefore available only for new constructions. My present invention has for one of its objects to enable existing locomotives or 20 other travelling engines to be convertedreadily into boiler plants supplying steam at pressures of 30 atmospheres and more, According to m present invention, two boilers are em 10 e one of them being constructed as a re ox, and used to sup y live steam of at least atmospheres, whi e' the other boiler is employed for supplying steam of up to about 20 atmospheres. The steam produced in these two boilers or generators is conveyed to difierent stages of a multiple expansion engine. The second boiler, which supplies.

steam at a lower pressure than the first may be a fire tube boiler, and thus the existing fire tube boiler of usual locomotives may be.

5 utilized for converting such locomotives into improved ones embodying my) invention. Thus existing locomotives may e converted readily into hi h pressure locomotives, by the addition 0 aseparate high. pressure boiler. and certain other changes that will appear from the descri tion hereinafter.

Among these chan es, I wi mention the provision of a specie firebox for the 'fire tube boiler and the provision of a high pressure 4:; cylinder in addition to those in use originally, or instead of-this, a newest of cylinders may be provided. The high ressure steam coming from the fire box is en conveyed to the high pressure ylinder or cylinders and also lowed to expan therein down to the pressure usually employed for the livesteam of existing locomotives-for instance, to about 16 atmospheres. The exhaust steam of the high pressure stage is then mixed with the stem 2. This oiler A is intendedto supp generated in the fire tube boiler and the mixl5 ture is then employed as the motive agent in the subsequent stages of the engine. The.

new high pressurelocomotive requires no materia alterations in the present way of constructing or o erating it and yet will show anadvantage of rom 25 to 35% as compared with existing locomotives, either in horse power hour, or if noincrease in horse power 'is desired, a corresponding saving in fuel will be effected. Even converting existing locomotives into high pressure locomotives according to the present invention will enable the fuel consumptionto. be reduced about 20%'. The weight of the locomotive is not increased and there are no difliculties as regards the arrangement of the boileror of the engine proper. It is well known that engines employinga high initial steam pressure will yield better results ifoperated with intermediate superheating of the steam; such ntermediate superheating can be carried out very readily with fire gases of the locomotive when constructed according to this invention, s nce the difiiculties; experienced with sta-- t 1on ar engines on. account of questions of" so availa 10 space, do not arise with locomotive e s e -a The generation of steam may be by direct or indirect heating. While the invention hasbeen desi ned es ciall for locomotive en es, I desire it to e un erstood that it is su table for all sorts of portable or travelling boiler plants, for instance, those of portable.

en ines, ships, or vehicles of all kinds.

n the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is 8. Ion 'tudinal section of a -locomotive engine em ying my presentimprovement, and Flgs. 2 and 3 are cross sections on the lines L P-2 and 3---3 respectively of Fig. 1. r

A indicates the fire box of the engine, constructed of a system of tubes constituting to gether a high pressure steam generator. The

drawings show t-hese'tubes as locatedv at the sides and top of a fire boxor furnace in which fuel is burned in any suitable manner, for instance, u on grates as indicated in Figs. 1 and y steam at a pressure of at least 30 atmosp eres and the construction is suchthat pressures of atmospheres and even higher ma be obtained we readily. At d, Ihave indicate the upright pipes forming.the side walls of the fire box, the steam generated in those upright pipes with longitudinal collectors f. At the upper portion of the locomotive above the fire box, I

have indicated a steam and water drum e within which is located a heating coil arrangement it connected atits upper portion with the collectorsg. The lower portion of the heating arran ement h is connected with tubular vessels from which conduits 11 lead to the lower collectors 7, Thus, the water or other medium employed in this art of the structure will circulate within t e parts 7, d, g, h, is, and i. From the drum a conduit l leads to the saturated steam chest m of a superheater C. The chests m= containing the superheated steam are connected with the high pressure cylinders E by a conduit n, Another conduit 0 leads from each of these cylinders to a-pipe p affording a connection to the low ressure cylinders F and also afl'ording anot er connection to the superheater D, which heats the steam coming from the boiler B. This latter boiler may be a fire tube boiler of. the usual type supplying steam at a pressure of say 16 atmospheres. From the steam dome of-this boiler, a'pipe s conveys the satto the blast pipe 0''. I

urated steam tothe superheater D, From the low pressure cylinders, aconduit q leads The drum 0 is provided with'asafety valve t connected with the boiler'B by a conduit u in such amanner that any excess of pressure arising in the drum 0 may be relieved by the passage of steam into the boiler B.

H indicates a feed water pump which takes a. portion of thewater contained in boiler B, through a pipe '0 and delivers such water as feed water to the high pressure boiler A, through a conduit m. In view of this arrangement, the deposit ofboiler scale will take place largely in the. boiler; B, thus relieving the high pressure boiler A of such deposits.

It will be seen that in the example illustrated and described above, the high'pressure steam generated by utilizingthe heat of the vfire box is produced in the drum eby indirect heating. It will be understood, however, that this is only an example, and that the high Ezessure steam might be produced in the fire x generator by direct heating. In any event, the level of the water is higher in the fire box generator in which .the high-pressure steam is produced than in the boiler' B in which the low-pressure steam is genas follows:

erated, and. the water and steam spaces of said high pressure enerator are separate from those of the fiw pressure boiler.

The boiler lant described above operates 11 the fire box A, the radiant heat and the heat of the combustion gases are absorbed by' the heat carrying medium '(water) circulating through the parts 11, f,

9, h, i, k, and in the coil or equivalent heat transferring device k, the heat of this heat carrier is transferred to the Water in the boiler;-

or drum 6, so that high pressure steam (30 atm. or over) is produced in said boiler e. 1

After thus producing high pressure steam with the aid of the heat carrying medium circulating through the path indicated above, the combustion gases enter the fire tubes or smoke tubes of the boiler B and pass there through to the-smoke box to finally escape through the stack. In this boiler B,-the steam of comparatively low pressure is produced. If the boiler B, is constructed for generating steam at the customary pressure of about 16 atmospheres, it is advisable when using such a boiler in conjunction with my invention, to

operate at a somewhat lower pressure, for instance, about13 atmospheres. Should the boiler e, heated by means of the fire box A, temporarily generate more steam than required for the operation-at that moment, the excess steam maybe passed to the boiler B through the valve t and. the conduit Z. The boiler Bwill therefore then serve as a stor age receptacle'or accumulator. The combus tion gasesflowing through the smoke tubes of the boiler. B serve not only for the generation of steam but also for superheating the steam coming from the high pressure section A as well as the steam coming from the low pressure section B. In the particular embodiment illustrated, the superheater D has been shown as of the type in which the. smoke fiues are comparative y large, while for the superheater 0, I'have shown a construction using comparativel haust steam rom the high pressure cylinder E becomes mixed in the conduit. 72 with the steam coming) rom the boiler B byway of the superheater and this steam mixture then enters the cylinders F, see Fi 3, from which it passes through the conduit g to the blast pipe r. Check valves a: located in the conduits p prevent the passage of the exhaust from the high ressure cylinders to the superheater D an the boiler B, if, for any reason, this exhaust should be of a pressure higher than that prevailing inthe boiler B. In this manner, obtain the advantage that the oil contained in the exhaust of the high pressure stage will not reach the superheater with the attending danger of having the oil burn and stick to the walls of the superheater, andsmall smoke flues. 'The exsuperheat contained in the exhaust is not lost,

as it would be if the exhaust were allowed to come in contact with the saturated steam or 1 with the water .contained in the boiler B.

Mixing the low pressure steam coming from the boiler B and superheater D, with the exhaust steam of the high pressure stage, insuresan effective superheating of the steam admitted to the low pressure cylinders. The

check valves also, to a certain extent, regulate automatically the steam supply to the low pressure stage.

The fire box A. serving as a high pressure boiler or as part of such boiler, occupies a space about equal to that of the usual fire box. Should it be necessary in any particular case to enlarge this space, the boiler B could be shortened correspondingly. If the fire box is made with a heating surface of proper area, the reverse connections at the ends of the superheater elements can be arranged close to the front flue sheet of the boiler B without any detrimental effect and thus effective superheating of the steam of both boilers may be obtained.

It will be obvious that various modifications may be made without departing from the nature of my invention.

I claim:

.1. In a locomotive a steam engine having a plurality of stages operating at difi'erent pressures, a water tube fire-box boiler constructed to produce steam of a pressure of at least thirty atmospheres, a horizontal smoke tube boiler heated by the hot gases of the fire box, said smoke tube boiler being constructed to generate steam of a lower pressure, a connection for conveying steam from the water tube fire-box boiler to the high pressure stage of said engine, another connection for leading steam from the smoke tube boiler to the low pressure stage of said engine, a further connection for leading the exhaust steam of said high pressure stage to said low pressure stage, and separate devices for superheating the steam produced in the respective boilers, at least one of said devices being located in the smoke tubes of the smoke tube boiler.

2. In a locomotive a steam engine having a plurality of stages operating at different pressures, a hi h pressure boiler, a smoke tube boiler adapte to generate steam of a lower pressure than the high-pressure boiler, a connection for conveying steam from the high pressure boiler to one stage of said en ine, another connection for leading steam rom the smoke tube boiler to a subsequent stage of said engine, and separate devices for superheating the steam produced in the respective boilers, one of said devices being located in the smoke tubes of said smoke tube boiler.

3. In a locomotive a steam engine having a plurality of stages operating at different firessures, a fire-box boiler constructed to prouce steam of a pressure of at least thirty atmospheres, a smoke tube boiler heated by the hot gases of the fire-box, said smoke tube boiler being constructed to generate steam of a lower pressure connections for conveying the steam from the respective boilers to different stages of said engine, and separate devices located in the smo e tubes of said smoke tube boiler for superheating the steam produced in the respective boilers.

4. In combination a steam engine having a plurality of stages operating at different pressures, two boilers, one adapted to gen erate steam of a higher pressure than the other which latter is a smoke tube boiler having smoke tubes of normal and enlarged diameter respectively, a connection for conveying steam from the high pressure boiler to one stage of said engine, and another connection for leading steam from the low pressure boiler to a subsequent stage of said engine, and separate devices for superheating the steam produced in the respective boilers, the superheating devices for the high pressure steam being located in boiler smoke tubes of normal diameter, while the superheating devices for the low pressure steam are located in smoke tubes of enlarged diameter.

5. In combination a steam engine having a plurality of stages operating at different pressures, two boilers, one adapted to generate steam of a higher pressure than the other which latter is a smoke tube boiler having smoke tubes some of which are of larger diameter than others, and connections for conveying steam from the high pressure boiler to one stage of said engine, and another connection for leading steam from the low pressure boiler to a subsequent stage of said engine, and separate devices for superheating the steam produced in the respective boilers, the superheating devices for the hi h pressure steam being located in boiler smo e tubes of smaller diameter than those in which the superheating devices for the lower pressure steam are located.

6. In a locomotive a steam engine having a plurality of stages operating at difi'erent pressures, two boilers, one-adapted to generate steamof a bi her pressure than the other, which latter is a smoke tube boiler, two separate superheaters located in the smoke tubes of the last-mentioned boiler, a connection for conveying steam from the high pressure boiler to one of said superheaters and from such superheater to one sta e of the engine, another connection for lea ing steam from the low pressure boiler to the second superheater and from the latter to a subsequent stage of the engine, and a third connection for conducting the exhaust steam from the first mentioned stage to said subsequent stage without passing through the second superheater.

7. In a locomotive as claimed in claim 6, a device located in the connection from the exhaust of the first mentioned stage to the subsequent stage, for preventing such exhaust steam from passing into the superheater which is connected with the low pressure boiler.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

OTTO H. HARTMANN.

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