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US1789979A - Method of lining bearings - Google Patents

Method of lining bearings Download PDF

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Publication number
US1789979A
US1789979A US349781A US34978129A US1789979A US 1789979 A US1789979 A US 1789979A US 349781 A US349781 A US 349781A US 34978129 A US34978129 A US 34978129A US 1789979 A US1789979 A US 1789979A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shell
lining
metal
mold
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US349781A
Inventor
Frederick C Jones
Skillman Verne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bohn Aluminum and Brass Corp
Original Assignee
Bohn Aluminum and Brass Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bohn Aluminum and Brass Corp filed Critical Bohn Aluminum and Brass Corp
Priority to US349781A priority Critical patent/US1789979A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1789979A publication Critical patent/US1789979A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
    • B22D19/085—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal of anti-frictional metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S164/00—Metal founding
    • Y10S164/02—Bearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49647—Plain bearing
    • Y10T29/49668—Sleeve or bushing making
    • Y10T29/49677—Sleeve or bushing making having liner
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49705—Coating or casting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the method of lining bearings and more particularly to a method of lining steel back bearings with a non-ferrous alloy having a high copper base.
  • the present invention contemplates lining steel back bearings by casting, the lining being attached to the shell either to the inner or outer surface thereof or to both as found desirable or expedient.
  • backiugs or shells of steel in place of the customary bronze, a more durable bearing is produced because by reason of the greater modulus of elasticity of the steel the shell is subject to onl a fraction of the distortion to which the iironze shell is subject.
  • Figure l is a semi-diagrammatic vertical sectional view through a Crucible and a mold by means of which one form of the present invention will be made more apparent;
  • Figure 2 is a sentii-diagrammatic fragmentary perspective view of apparatus by means of which the present method may be carried into execution in a slightly different manner.
  • the first form of The problem involved is that of lining the shell or bearing back l() with a suitable bearing metal, it being understood that the shell or back 10 is formed of steel because of the adas mentioned hereinbefo-re.
  • the first step in the process is that of cleaning and fluxing the shell l() and both the cleaning and iuxing may be accomplished with any preferred means and in any desired manner.
  • the shell may however, be efficiently iiuxed by painting or otherwise coating the same with a solution of borax.
  • Figure 1 there is illustrated a crucible -l1 containing the bearing metal 12 in a molten state.
  • a mold 13 which consists of an outer mold member 14 and a. core 15.
  • the mold is made of carbon or some other material capable of withstanding the intense heat.
  • the outer mold member 14 is provided with a recess 16, herein illustrated as circular in cross section to correspond to the exterior configuration of the shell 10.
  • the recess 16 preferably tapers inwardly toward the bottom thereof and in this way the circumference of therecess 16 at the bottom 17 thereof may be employed for centering the shell with respect to the mold. However it is obvious that any other centering means may be employed.
  • the outer diameter o-f the core 15 is less than the inner diameter of the shell to provide an annular space 18 therebetween.
  • the mold 13 is provided with a. lifting frame 19 by means of which the same may be placed in and removed from the Crucible 11.
  • the shell 10 After the shell 10 has been cleaned and fluxed it is dipped, as for instance by means of tongs 20 into the mass of molten hearing metal at the top of the Crucible above the mold 13. This acts to produce or cause a preliminary conditioning of" the surface of the shell by causing a film of ⁇ the hearing ⁇ metal to adhere thereto and to partially raise the temperature of the shell to a point nearer that of the molten bearing metal.
  • This preliminary treatment of the shell prepares the surface thereof to receive the lining which is subsequently to be castthereon and to this extent functions the same as the tinning operation employed for preparing bearing shells for a lining of Babbitt material or the like.
  • the lshell 10 is'placed within the mold as illustrated in full lines in Figure 1, a. coating or lining of metal adheres to the inner surface thereof, this lining being substantially equal in thickness to the annular space 18 provided between the core 15 and the inner surface of the shell.
  • the shell 10 is permitted to remain Within the mold until the temperature of the shell has been raised to that of the molten bearing metal. 'Ihis condition is enerally indicated when the metalceases ubbling or kicking.
  • the lining may also be cast on the outside only of the shell or may be cast both on the inside and outside of the shell.
  • the core 15 will be sufficiently enlarged to fit the interior of the shell snugly to thus prevent the bearing metal from coming in contact with and adhering to the inner surface of the shell and under these conditions the size of the recess 16 will be such as to provide an annular space between the outer surface of the shell and the wall of the recess so that a coating of the bearing metal may adhere to the outer surface of the shell.
  • annular spaces will be provided both between the core15 and the inner surface of the shell and between the wall of the recess 16 and the outer surface of the shell.
  • the mold 21 is illustrated as arranged in proximity to a crucible 22 which is preferably provided with a pouring lip 23 whereby the Crucible may be lifted and the metal poured into the mold 21 after the shell has been placed therein.
  • the shell 10 after being cleaned and fluxed as previously described, will be first' mold and according to the structure of the mold is brought into contact with either the inner or outer surface or both surfaces of the shell as desired. Instead of pouring. the ⁇ molten metal from the crucible 22 it may obyiously be transferred therefrom to the mold by a ladle.
  • the reference character 27 indicates a plurality of burners located around the mold and Crucible so that the steps of the process may be carried on in the presence of the flame from these burners whereby the shell 10 is kept from contact with the air.
  • the shells which are lined either on their inner or outer surfaces with the herein described alloy may thereafter have their other surface coated with a layer of Babbitt material which may be applied thereto in any preferred manner as for instance by means of centrifugal depositing. Under such conditions the resulting product would be a bearing having a copper alloy lining on one surface thereof and a Babbitt lining on the other surface thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

Jan. 27, 1931. F. c. JONES ET AL METHOD OF LINING BEARINGS Filed March 25, 1929 WM, s, WMM
ATTolNEtS y 39 my invention will be described.
.35 vantageous properties of steel over bronze Patented Jan. 27, 1931 UNITED sTATEs FREDERICK C. JONES AND 'VERNE SXILLMAN, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNORS T0 BOHN ALUMINUM t BRASS CORPORATION, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORA- TION 0F MICHIGAN METHOD 0F LINING BEARINGS Application tiled March 25, 1929. Serial No. 349,781.
This invention relates to the method of lining bearings and more particularly to a method of lining steel back bearings with a non-ferrous alloy having a high copper base.
The present invention contemplates lining steel back bearings by casting, the lining being attached to the shell either to the inner or outer surface thereof or to both as found desirable or expedient. By the' use of backiugs or shells of steel, in place of the customary bronze, a more durable bearing is produced because by reason of the greater modulus of elasticity of the steel the shell is subject to onl a fraction of the distortion to which the iironze shell is subject. The method forming the subject matter of the present invention and the advantages incident thereto will be made more apparent as this description proceeds, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure l is a semi-diagrammatic vertical sectional view through a Crucible and a mold by means of which one form of the present invention will be made more apparent; and
Figure 2 is a sentii-diagrammatic fragmentary perspective view of apparatus by means of which the present method may be carried into execution in a slightly different manner.
By reference to Figure 1 the first form of The problem involved is that of lining the shell or bearing back l() with a suitable bearing metal, it being understood that the shell or back 10 is formed of steel because of the adas mentioned hereinbefo-re.
It is proposed to line the shell 10 with a nonferrous alloy having a high copper base. An alloy for example of copper and lead in the approximate proportions of 75% copper and 25% lead has been found t-o be satisfactory and to give good results.
The first step in the process is that of cleaning and fluxing the shell l() and both the cleaning and iuxing may be accomplished with any preferred means and in any desired manner. The shell may however, be efficiently iiuxed by painting or otherwise coating the same with a solution of borax.
In Figure 1 there is illustrated a crucible -l1 containing the bearing metal 12 in a molten state. submerged well within the molten metal 12 is a mold 13 which consists of an outer mold member 14 and a. core 15. The mold is made of carbon or some other material capable of withstanding the intense heat. The outer mold member 14 is provided with a recess 16, herein illustrated as circular in cross section to correspond to the exterior configuration of the shell 10. The recess 16 preferably tapers inwardly toward the bottom thereof and in this way the circumference of therecess 16 at the bottom 17 thereof may be employed for centering the shell with respect to the mold. However it is obvious that any other centering means may be employed.
The outer diameter o-f the core 15 is less than the inner diameter of the shell to provide an annular space 18 therebetween. The mold 13 is provided with a. lifting frame 19 by means of which the same may be placed in and removed from the Crucible 11.
After the shell 10 has been cleaned and fluxed it is dipped, as for instance by means of tongs 20 into the mass of molten hearing metal at the top of the Crucible above the mold 13. This acts to produce or cause a preliminary conditioning of" the surface of the shell by causing a film of `the hearing` metal to adhere thereto and to partially raise the temperature of the shell to a point nearer that of the molten bearing metal. This preliminary treatment of the shell prepares the surface thereof to receive the lining which is subsequently to be castthereon and to this extent functions the same as the tinning operation employed for preparing bearing shells for a lining of Babbitt material or the like.
After this lpreliminary treatment of the vshell or bearing back 10 it is placed in the mold without exposing the same to the air which would cause an oxidation of the metal adhering to the surface thereof. This is accomplished by placing the shell 10 wit-hin the mold without removing the same from the molten metal 12.
iVhen the lshell 10 is'placed within the mold as illustrated in full lines in Figure 1, a. coating or lining of metal adheres to the inner surface thereof, this lining being substantially equal in thickness to the annular space 18 provided between the core 15 and the inner surface of the shell. The shell 10 is permitted to remain Within the mold until the temperature of the shell has been raised to that of the molten bearing metal. 'Ihis condition is enerally indicated when the metalceases ubbling or kicking.
While in the described method some of the bearing metal adheres to the outer surface of the shell, this may be subsequently removed in the finishing operation.
Obviously with the present method the lining may also be cast on the outside only of the shell or may be cast both on the inside and outside of the shell. In the first instance the core 15 will be sufficiently enlarged to fit the interior of the shell snugly to thus prevent the bearing metal from coming in contact with and adhering to the inner surface of the shell and under these conditions the size of the recess 16 will be such as to provide an annular space between the outer surface of the shell and the wall of the recess so that a coating of the bearing metal may adhere to the outer surface of the shell. In cases where it is desirable to cast a lining of a non-ferrous alloy on both surfaces of the shell annular spaces will be provided both between the core15 and the inner surface of the shell and between the wall of the recess 16 and the outer surface of the shell.
` By reference to Figure 2 a slightly modified form of the present invention will be described. In this form the mold is not submerged in the molten bearing metal but the bearing metal is poured into the mold after the shell or bearing back has been placed therein. The shell is given its preliminary treatn'ient or is conditioned in the molten bearing metal and is then placed in the mold whereupon the bearing metal is poured into the mold in such a manner as to cause the Sallie to adhere to the desired surfaces thereof. All of the these operations are carried on in the presence of burnerswhich will exclude the air from contact with the shell and thus prevent oxidation, these burners also maintaining the ymold at the temperature of the molten metal.
In Figure 2 it will be noted that the mold 21 is illustrated as arranged in proximity to a crucible 22 which is preferably provided with a pouring lip 23 whereby the Crucible may be lifted and the metal poured into the mold 21 after the shell has been placed therein. The shell 10, after being cleaned and fluxed as previously described, will be first' mold and according to the structure of the mold is brought into contact with either the inner or outer surface or both surfaces of the shell as desired. Instead of pouring. the \molten metal from the crucible 22 it may obyiously be transferred therefrom to the mold by a ladle. The reference character 27 indicates a plurality of burners located around the mold and Crucible so that the steps of the process may be carried on in the presence of the flame from these burners whereby the shell 10 is kept from contact with the air.
In accordance with this invention the shells which are lined either on their inner or outer surfaces with the herein described alloy may thereafter have their other surface coated with a layer of Babbitt material which may be applied thereto in any preferred manner as for instance by means of centrifugal depositing. Under such conditions the resulting product would be a bearing having a copper alloy lining on one surface thereof and a Babbitt lining on the other surface thereof.
Obviousl the invention is capable of modification within certain limits and to this end reservation is made to make such changes and modifications as may come within the purview of the accompanying claims.
What we claim as our invention is:
1. In the method of lining steel bearing shells, those steps which consist in treating the surface of the shell with a molten metal and casting a coating of lining metal on the surface of the shell While maintaining the shell substantially free from contact with the air.
2. In the method of lining steel back bearings by casting, those steps which consist in preliminarily conditioning the surface of the bearing back by submerging the same in the molten lining metal and then applying a coating of lining metal by casting to that surface of the bearing back to be lined without removing the same from the molten bath.
3. In the method of lining bearing shells, those steps which consist in cleaning and fluxing the shell, conditioning the surface thereof by submerging the shell in the molten lining metal and placing the shell in a mold submerged in the molten lining metal.
4. The method of casting linings of a nonferrous alloy on steel back bearings which consists in cleaning and fluxing the bearing back, conditioning the surface thereof by submerging the same in the molten bearing metal and casting the lining thereon While the bearing back is arranged in a mold submerged in the molten bearing metal.
5. In the method of lining bearing shells, those steps which consist in providing a molten mass of lining metal consisting of copper and lead in substantially the proportions of 75% copper and 25% lead, conditioning the surface of the shell b submerging the same in the molten metal an then casting the lining on the shell while maintaining the shell substantiallyfree from Contact with the air. l
6. In the method of lining bearing shells, those steps which consist in pioviding a molten massof lining metal consisting of a non-ferrous alloy having a high copper base,
conditioning the surface of the shell by submerging the same in the molten metal and then casting the lining on the shell while maintaining the shell substantially free from contact with the air.
In testimony whereof we afiix our signatures.
FREDERICK C. JONES. VERNE SKILLMAN.
US349781A 1929-03-25 1929-03-25 Method of lining bearings Expired - Lifetime US1789979A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2435991A (en) * 1944-06-21 1948-02-17 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Manufacture of bimetallic articles
US2453772A (en) * 1945-03-06 1948-11-16 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Aluminum coating process
US2842820A (en) * 1955-01-12 1958-07-15 Joseph B Brennan Apparatus for casting metal
US6180183B1 (en) * 1996-11-19 2001-01-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Copper-based alloy casting process

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2435991A (en) * 1944-06-21 1948-02-17 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Manufacture of bimetallic articles
US2453772A (en) * 1945-03-06 1948-11-16 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Aluminum coating process
US2842820A (en) * 1955-01-12 1958-07-15 Joseph B Brennan Apparatus for casting metal
US6180183B1 (en) * 1996-11-19 2001-01-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Copper-based alloy casting process

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