US1775085A - Roof covering - Google Patents

Description

, Sept. 9, 1930. w. M. BLACK 1,775,085

" nooF cow-:RING

Filed July 8, 1929 y I v .//vl/ENTO/e I 'A Troie/Vw' Patented. sepas, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE WILLIAM M. BLACK,

CORPORATION, or .NEW Yoan,

OIF SAN MATEO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO JOHNS-MAN'VILLE N. YQ, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK ROOF COVERING Application led July 8, 1929. Serial No. 376,730.

This inventionrelates to an improved covering comprising rectangular shingles, particularly those of the rigid or semi-rigid type, preperforated for the reception of fastening 5 elements'and adapted to be applied in a side lapped relation, and further relates to a method of applying the improved covering. Objects .of the invention are: to provide a roof covering comprising shingles which 1o can be assembled and secured rapidly; also, to provide a roof covering which shall be as weather-proof as possible and be secured against dislodgement'by the wind; and, further, to provide a covering attractive in appearance and comprising shingles which may be applied from left to right or vice versa so that the maximum decorative eifect of the contours of the individual shingles is secured. Various other objects of the invention will be apparent as the description thereof proceeds.

The invention is particularly adapted to the provision of a roof covering comprising rectangular shaped shingles applied square with the roof and in aside lapped relation. The

shingles may be formed of any suitable material having the requisite strength and weather-resisting properties, and are preferably of the rigid or semi-rigid type.

shingles formed of a composition consisting of a mixture of asbestos and Portland cement have been used according to my invention with excellent results.

Referring to the accompanying drawings 85 illustrating the preferred embodiment of the invention: Fig. 1 illustrates in two views the preferred l form of shingle and shows its position 'when applied to the roof deck working from left 40 to right and when applied working from right to left.

Fig. 2 illustrates an initial stepvin the application of the roof covering and'shows in detail the starting shingle for starting the rst course.

Fig. 3 illustrates a further step and shows the first full-size shingle in place.

Fig. 4 illustrates the application of the second full size, shingle inthe first row and the starting shingleused for the second course.

j Rigidl I edges that the nail Fig. 5 illustrates the application of the first full size shingle in the second course and the starting of the third course.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view on a large scale of a storm anchor used in assembling and securing the shingles.

With the exception ofthe starting shingles,

all of the shingles used in applying the roof covering are interchangeable and preferably are formed as illustrated in Fig. 1. Each shingle 1 is preperforated for the reception of fastening elements including both ordi- 4nary roofing nails and storm anchors, one of the latter being illustrated on an enlarged scale in Fig. 6. The storm anchors serve to secure adjacent shingles to each other and also to facilitate assembling ofy the shin les in a manner which will be fully descri ed hereinafter.

In Fig. 1,v left side, is shown a shingle in the position it assumes when laid from left to right and in a side lappedl relation with adjacent shingles of the same course, that is, the left edge portion of each shingle is lapped over the adjacent shingle of the same course on the left, and the right hand edge portion of each shingle underlaps the adjacent shingle of the same course on the right. Perforations 2 and 3 in the butt portion of the shingle, when the shinglev is in position, serve for the reception of storm anchors to secure the shingle to lapped portion of adjacent shingles of the sameA course,

the storm anchor through perforation 2 serving to secure the lower left corner to an underlying shingle and the storm anchor through perforation 3 serving to secure the shingle to an overlapping portion of an adjacent shingle. Perforation t is for the reception of a. roofing nail to secure the shingle to the roof deck, and is preferably so spaced from the driven therethrough will penetrate directly into the roof deck and not through any shingles of the underlying. course. Perforations 2 and 3 are for the reception of roofing nails, a nail through 2 serving to secure the upper left hand corner to the roof deck passino through a registering hole 3, in an underlying portion of an adjacent shingle of the same course on the gles from right to i left,

by the symmetrical disposition of each set of perforations In this view, the shingle is j the adjacent lateral edge in eachk case is one-.-

- the storm anchor shank projecting also shown as having vuneven edges which enhance its attractive appearance. The'degree to which each shingle is sidelapped byA adjacent shingles is dependent upon the distance (referring to Fig. l, left side) from perforation 2 to the left lateral edge,` and from perforation 3 tothe right lateral edge. Each shingle is preferably overlapped ,onethird of its width, in Which case the distance between the perforations 2 and the adjacent lateral edge and between perforation 3l and sixth of the total width. Adjacent courses are overlapped a distance about equal to that from erforation 4 to the lower edge.

Re erring to Fig. 2,'the shingle covering is preferably laid in the following manner:- First, a series of short strips 5 are laid at the eaves to give the first course of shingles the same angular relation to the roof as t-he subsequently laid. courses. If desired, these strips and the rest of the roof deck may be covered with roofing sheets, such as waterproof felt or other suitable material, before the shingles are laid.' The starting shingleA may be readily produced by cutting a full size shingle along the line A-A, Fig. l, so that shingle A is one-third the width of a `full size shingle and is provided with four perforations'corresponding with those on the right hand size of the full size shingle. A storm anchor is threaded through perforation 3 so that the head thereof lies under the shingle and the shank projects above the surface of the shingle, then secured in position by a nail driven through perforation 4. In order to prevent any accidental shifting of the'shingle before the next shingle to be laid is fixed in position,

la nail may be' driven through 4'; however,

this perforation is not ordinarily .used in this or subsequently laid shingles, except when the direction of laying is inbefore described.

Fig. 3 shows the first full size shingle in place on top of shingle A, The full size shingle is placed in position by threading from shingle A through perforation 2, and another storm anchor is threaded through perforation 3 for the next shingle. 4The storm anchor reversed, as hereoverlapping shinas shown. ShingleA is roof. deck. A nail is then driven through perforations 4 directly into the roof deck, and

the storm anchor projecting through perforation 2 is clinched.

The second or full size shingle of the first course is applied by threading the perforation 2 therein over a storm anchor shank projecting from the complemental perforation 3 vof the first full size shingle, vand a storni anchor is threaded through perforation 3 for the next shingle as before. Perforation 2' is then brought into registry with the complernental perforation 3' of theunderlying shingle by shifting it about the projecting shank of the storm anchor, and a nail is then driven through the set of registered perforations. The remainder of the shingles in this course are laid 1n the saine manner.

For starting the second course, a starting shingle B is used similar to shingle A, but of two-thirds the width of a full size shingle, and preferably having an additional perforation 6 punched therein opposite 3- for the reception of a roofing nail. Shingle B may be produced by cutting a full size shingle along the line B-B and then'puncliing the perforation 6 therein. Shingle B is aligned V vertically so that perforation 4 just clears the upper edge of the first course .and horizontally so that its right lateral edge abuts against the left lateral edge of the second shingle in the first course. Before the shingle B is aligned, a storm anchor is threaded through perforation 3, and' the shingle is then secured in the aligned position by nails driven through perforations 6 and 4. The first full size shingle of the second course is then se-l cured to shingle B (Fig. 5) in the same manner as the first full size shingle is attached in the first course to shingle A, and the subsequent shingles are laid in a like manner. The third course is a repetition of the first course, except that the butt portions of the shingle overlap the head portion of the adjacent lower course, i. e., the second course, in the same manner as the second course overlaps the first lcourse. In the third course the left lateral edge ofA each shingle is in alignment with a similar edge of eachshingle in the first course, and this same alignment occurs in all alternative courses.

In the roof covering thus provided, it is .apparent that each shingle is securely held at all four corners by suitable fastening elements of which only one fastening element is exposed, and since the exposed fastener is a fastenin elements is practically eliminated. Althoug each shingle is secured at all four corners, only two nails and av storm anchor y are used for each shingle. The arrangement lends itself to very rapid laying of the shingles and consequent low labor costs because of the pre-perforations therein and the ease which these perforations are brou ht into registry according to the method o applying above described. The shingle covering in its entirety presents an attractive appearance, since the heads of all nails are covered, and each shingle may be made to stand out to best advantage by layin the shingles from left to right or right to let, depending upon the position from which the roof is ordinarily viewed. For instance, referring to Fig. 5, the roof covering viewed from the left will show the left lateral edge in distinct outline, while when this covering is viewed from the right, these edges appear as straight lines and each course tends to assume the continuous surface appearance of strip or slab roofing. The arrangement further permits making the edges of the shingle slightly rough, since smooth edges are not essential to the proper alignment of the shingles, this alignment being attained by the symmetrical placing of the perforations. Rough edges add to the attractiveness of the shingles, and, further, permit of economies in manufacturing in the cutting operation, wherein such edges may at times be unavoidably produced.

What I claim is:

. l. A rectangular shingle adapted to be laid in horizontal rows in a side lapped relation and preperforated for the reception of .fastening elements, the butt portion ofthe shingle being provided in one corner with a perforation for the reception of a storm anchor to secure the corner to an underlying portion of a shingle of the same row, and in the other corner with a pair of perforations, one perforation being for the reception of a roong nail to secure the shingle to the roof deck and the other for the reception of a storm anchor to secure the shingle to an overlying portion of a shingle of the same row. 2. A rectangular shingle adapted to be laid in horizontal rows in a side lapped relation and preperforated for the reception of fastening elements, the butt portion of the shingle being provided in one corner with a perforation for the reception of a storm anchor to secure the corner to an underlying portion of a shingle of the same row, and in the other'corner with a pair of perforations, one perforation being for the reception of a roofing nail to secure the shingle to the roof deck and the other for the reception of a storm anchor to secure the 4shingle to an overlying portion of a--shingle of the same row, and perforations in the corners of the head portion for the reception of fastening elements securing said portion,'s`aid perforation corresponding to those in the butt portion and being opposite thereto, whereby the shingle may be laid from left- ,to right or right to left.

3. A rectangular Vshingle adapted to be laid in horizontal rows in a side lapped rela-' tion and preperforated for the reception of fastening elements, thebutt portion of the shingle being provided in one corner with a perforation for the reception of a storm anchor to secure the corner to an underlying portion of a shingle of the same row, and in the other corner with a pair of perforations, one perforation being for the reception of a roofing nail to secure lthe shingle to the roof deck and the other for the reception of a storm anchor to secure the shingle to an overlying portion of a shingle of the same row, and perforations in the corners of the head portion of the shingle corresponding to those in the butt portion and opposite thereto, whereby the shingle may be laid from left to right or right to left, all of said perforations except the perforation first mentioned for'the rece tion of a storm anchor in the butt portion eing so spaced from the edges as to be covered by overlapping portions of adjacent shingles when the shingles are attached.

4. A roof comprising rectangular shingles arranged in rows, the shingles of each row being side lapped and the shingles of one row overlapping those of the adjacent underlying row so as to expose a single lower corner only of each shingle, each of said shingles being interchangeable and preperforated `at the corners for the reception of fastenin elements, the exposed corner of the shingle eing secured to the underlying shingle by a storm anchor, said anchor having a head and clinching shank, the head lying under the underlying shingle and the shank passing up through registered perforations in the overlapped shingles and clinched thereover, the upper corners of the shingles being secured to the adjacent shingles of the same row and to thel roof deck by roofing nails driventhrough registered perforations in the overlvlapped shingles, and the lower lap ed corner of the shingle being secured to t e roofing deck by a rooting nail driven through a perforation therein.v

' 5. A roofing comprising fiat, rigid, rectangular shingles arranged in rows,` the shingles of each row being side-lapped and the shingles of one row overlapping those of the adjacent under-lying row so as to expose a single lower corner only of'each shingle, each of said shingles being interchangeable and pre erforated at each of the corners, said per orations being in registry with complemental perforations in the adjacent shingles in the same row, the exposed corner of the shingle being secured to the underlying shingle b a storm anchor, said anchor having a hea and clinching shank, the head lying under the under-lying shingle and the shank passing up through a set of the registered perforations in the overlapped shingles and clinched thereover, the upper corners of V5 the shingles being secured to the adjacent shingles ofthe same row and to the roof deck by roong nails driven through the registered perforations in the head portions of the shingles. m Signed at city and county of San Francisco and State of California this 27th day of June A. D. 1929.

. WILLIAM M. BLACK.

Images