US1760164A - Aeroplane - Google Patents

Description

May 27, 1930. c. R. MORRISON AEROPLANE Filed Nov. 18, 1927 I5 Sheets-Sheet l ATTOR N EY May 27, 1930; c. R. MORRISON AEROPLA NE Filed'nov. 18, 1927 s sheets-sheet 2 ATTORNEY May 27, 1930. c. R. MORRISON AEROPLANE Filed Nov. 18, 192'? 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 lNVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented. May 27, '19,30*

PATENTl oFFlcE CURTIS R. MORRISONy-OF MARSHFIELD, OREGON AEROPLANE Application filed November 18, 1927. Serial No. 234,240,

The present invention relates to aeroplanes and has for its objects to so construct the aeroplane that it will naturally right itself when driven from its upright position and which will notfyield to the influences which cause the tail spins, nose dives and side slips Which are so fatal to machines not built in accordance with the principlesV hereinafter I .20 tioneXcept as I shall be limited by said claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan View of the aeroplane.

showing the relationA ofthe rudder thereto and showing the relation of the control mechanism, supporting struts and the lower plane in dotted lines. v

Figure 2 is a front eleva-tion showing the shape of the rudder and the relation of the fuselage to t-he planes.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view through the center of the plane on the line 3 3 of Figure 2, looking inthe direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is a detail view on an enlarged scale of one of the ailerons showing the control therefor.

Figure 5 is a. detail section on an enlarged scale and on line 5-5 of Figure 3 showing the relation of the rudder to the planes and also showing certain of the controlling mechanism l for said rudder.

Figure'f is an enlarged view compared with Figure 1, 2 and 3, showing the relation of controlling cables to the joy stick.

Referring to the drawings in detail, 10 designates the body or fuselage of the machine having the usual propeller 11 and an engine 12 for operating the same through suitable connections. The fuselage is pro vided with a straight top and a bottom that is rounded longitudinally to a degree whereby the fuselage is approximately half as deep as it is long. The reference numeral 13 indicates a shifting means for regulating the rotation of the propeller which has secured to its shaft al relatively small gear and arelavtively large gear which are adapted to mesh with gears on the shaft of the engine as shown, with the result the speed of the propeller can be varied upon shifting of the gears of the propeller shaft in lnesh with their respective gears on thel engine shaft.

An important feature of my invention is thepeculiar construction of the upperl plane, which is designated in-the drawings by the numeral 14,'and its relation to the lower planes 15. By reference to Figures 1 and.2 it will be noted that the wings of the upper plane `are of considerable area and that the dimensions thereof paralleling the fuselage are comparatively great, making the plan of the plane comparatively long in relation to cio Vits width and presenting'a surface more like that of a parachute than is usual in aeroplanes, the side edges of the upper pla-'ne bein g bent downward as .at 14a forming an air pocket between the upper plane andthe lower planes 15. The upper plane and the top of the fuselage provide together a substantially oval configuration as shown in Fig- S0 ure 1. `The lower planes are flat and slightly sloped lupward from their connection with the fuselage and are not so wide as theY upper plane, leaving gaps at 15a between the ends of the plane 14 and the ends of the planes 15 to permit the passage of air therethrough when the plane is settling. The outer ends of the plane 15 are in a plane approximately on a level with the lower edges of the ends of the portions 14a and are connected thereto 95 i bystruts 16 extending from the fuselage adjacent to the outer edges of the portions 14a.

Connected to the foremost strut- 16 and ly' ing between the outer end of the lower wing and the ends of the upper wing are ailerons 17 on either side of the machine, and at the rear of the top of the fuselage is provided a cutaway portion 18 to receive a portion 19 of the rudder, which is pivoted at 2O by horiy zontally and laterally extending trunnions im journaledat 21 in the top of the fuselage at the sides ofthe. cutaway portion. The rudderis made `up of two relatively movable parts, the part 19 just described and the part 22 which has pivotal movement thereupon through the arm 23 and the pivotal member 24, thereby taken with the pivotal movement of the member 19, the rudder is capable of universalmovement. The rudderis provided with two side fins 25 and a vertical fin 26, the two fins 25 describing in cross section an are of a circle with the iin v26 extending radially 'y fis effected'eutirely through the movement of the joy stick,.the tilting of the rudder about a horizontal axis beinv'eifected through the control of cables 32 an 33 passing about pulleys 34, 35 andl 36 rearwardly of the drivers seat and about pulley 37 in front of the drivers seat. The cables are provided with revsilient members 38 and 39 which may be in the nature of coil springs for giving elasticity thereto. is made simultaneously with 'the movement of the rudder about a horizontal axis and the cables 40, 41, 42 and .43 extending thereto are connected with the cable 32 and with the I joy stick, thel first two named cables 40 and 41 being connected with the cable and the second two with the joy stick, the cables 40 and 41'passing respectively around the pulleys 44 and 45 and the cables 42 and 43 pass,

ing about pulleys 46 within the fuselage and around pulleys 47 and 48 adjacent the aileron, said cables 42 and 43 being attached to the end of a bar 49 connected with the aileron. The movement of the rudder .about` a vertical axis is effected through cables 49 and 50 having resilient means 51 connected therein, the forward ends of the cables 49 and 50 being passed around pulleys 54 and 55 and connected to the joy stick at 55, the rear end being connected to a bar 56 extending from a hub 57 on the pivotal member 24 while the rear ends of the cables 32 and 33 are connected to the front and rear ends of the part 19 as clearly shown in Figure 3. The machine is provided with the usual skid shown lat 58.

By a construction as above described and as shown in the drawings, the objects referred to at the beginning of the specifica- -tion are accomplished. When it is desired to move the rudder downwardly about the transverse axis defined by trunxuons 20, the

The control of the aileron` joy stick is moved forwardly and when it is desired to move itto the right the joy stick is moved to the left, and vice versa. At the same time that the joy stick is shifted forwardly or rearwardly the ailerons are effected simultaneously and aid in the turning movement of the machine which is controlled through the rudder.

Having describ d my invention, what I claim is:

1. v An aeroplane comprisingV a fuselageprovided with a straight top, at sides and a rounded bottom, the bottom being rounded longitudinally of the fuselage to a degree whereby the depth of the fuselage is approximately half of the length thereof, an upper plane' including wings extending from the opposite sides of the top of the fuselage and curving downwardly, downturned outer ends formed with the wings and together with the top of the fuselage providing a substantially oval shape configuration, lower wings extending from the opposite sides of the fuselage between the upper and lower ends thereof and terminating inwardly of the ends of the upper wings to yprovide pockets, struts `connecting the lower wings with the upper wings and extending from the fuselage, ailerons carried by the lower wings and disposed 'for movement in the pockets, a two part rudder with one part mounted for movement; in

a cut-away portion formed in the fuselage, fins formed with the other part, said rudder being capable of movement on a vertical and a horizontal axis, and means for'moving said rudder accordinglyand simultaneouslyv with the ailerons:

2. An aeroplane comprising a fuselage, wings extending from the top of the fuselage and having downturned outer ends, wings extending between the upper and lower ends of the fuselage and terminating inwardly ofthe ends of the upper win s to provide air pockets, ailerons carried ly the lwer wings and movable in the pockets, said fu-` selage having its top cut-away at its rear end, a two part rudder having one part formed for fitting engagement with the cutaway portion, and movable on a vertical and horizontal axis therein, upwardly curved side fins formed with the other part of said rudder and together forming the arc of a. circle, a vertical fin extending midway between the rounded fins and disposed diametrically of the circle, means for moving said rudder on its horizontal and'vert-ical axis and simultaneously` with the ailerons.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

CURTIS R.4 MORRISON.

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