US1758304A - Smokeless heat-economizing apparatus for furnaces of all kinds - Google Patents

Description

May 13, 1930. A. wlNKLER -SMOKELESS HEAT ECONOMIZING APPARATUS FOR FURNACES ALL KINDS .f Flled March 12, 1925 Patented May 13, kL93@ UNI-ran) stares@ tresses PATNT crema AUGUSTE WINKLEROF BQRDEAUX, 'FRANCE sMoKnLnss HEAT-ECONOMIZING APPARATUS roarrmnncns orari. Krimis Application led March 12, 1925, Serial No. 15,088, and in Franeeflugust, 1924.

i This invention relates to furnaces andhas for its object a smokeless heat economizing device, the purpose of which is to suppress the smoke in boilers with fixed movable or me.

chanical grates, ovens, retorts and, generally, in all apparatus utilizing solid, liquid or gas` 1 eous fuels; it presents, besides, the'advantage o f increasing the thermal efficiency by im*-A proving the utilization ofthe fuels.

-` The apparatus which'is the object present invention is essentially constituted by oneor several rows of "injector nozzles designed to be housed in recesses made in one or several walls ofthei combustion. chamber,v k above the grate, at the `back of same in the apparatus (boilers, etc.) and even in the flue's, said arrangement having for its object to allow of placing the apparatus at highly heated places, nearthefuel or the gasesand to cause the admission of the gases aptto'support combustion at the very pointswhere the combustion ofthe particles of free carbon or of the unburnt hydrocarbureted gases is to take place. Y

The apparatus provides also for the admission of the mixture apt to support combustion in proper conditions of quantity, composition, homogeneity, pressure and speed, ac-

cording to the kind of fuel and the operation 3Q of the furnace.

The apparatus is essentially constituted by a passage disposed longitudinally on one or more walls of the combustion chamber and in which takes place the intimate mixture of air and steam which is subsequently injected therein and uniformly distributed in this chamber.V The said passage isl preferably constituted by elements placed side by side and provided with lateral orifices or vents for the issue of the gaseous mixture sent in the combustion chamber. Y

The appended drawing shows, as an example, a mode of realization of the smokeless cially designed for going round the combusheat economizer, the object of the invention. Y

l tion chamber'the'sidesand the furnace bridge 'gable type. Thistuyre V`is disposed at the centre of a closing plate 2, of circular or conica lform, and opens in amixer 3 placed in front of a passage formedV of elements 4 placed sideby side, for example in cast-iron or refractory material.. The opening 4a4 of said elements which `is* circular for example,

as shown in Fig. 4, is provided laterally with a planel4binclined fromfront to back onwhich opens the vents A4C, Yof semi-conical or semicylindrical'shape, Vdisposed in regular rows or quincunxfashion, the axis of these vents may be inclinedaccording toplane E-F to ensure thorough Vmixing. of the combustion gases.l The diameter of these' vents `varies according to the position of the row of 'nozzles with respect tothe frontage or at the back of the comf kbus'tion chamber.' The diameter of the central openingf4a can also be caused to decrease from the VfrontV (side at which thev fuel is put in)vtothe back. j Metallic diaphragms 5, with decreasing openings *52g* are disposed from place to place between the elements 4. A' cas- 'ing 6 placed vat the end of the passage closes the endof the passage, the `elements constituting which 'are united by stays 7 passing in lateralfopenings' 4d permitting the easy removal of any one .of the parts bythe loosening of theextreme nuts. The wholeapparatus may `bevrintroduced in a passage 8 constituted byk U-shap`ed tiles of metal or refractory materialhoused in the brickwork. Y

The apparatus soe constituted is placed along the'walls of the furnace or oven, at a certain height above the grate (which height will vary according tothe nature of the fuel used), either flush to the vertical wall or slightly in recess.` 'In the case'oflcombustion chambers of large capacity, several apparatus can be superposed on each wall.

In the constructionshown in Fig. 4, the front face 4e of the elements, which is exposed to the lire, has beenset back a little in the recess from ,the face of the brickvvork: in this last case packing blocks of refractory materials disposed on either side of the aper-A tures for the issue of the gaseous mixture can bel advantageously housed in :the groove so formed. A void can also be provided, if necesv sary, between the Vmetal and thebrickvvork for causing a cooling stream ofgas to circulate therein (for instance `as in the case of the interior furnace of a cylindrical boiler) The Working of the apparatus'is as follows: i

The V'steam arrives bythe tuyrel and its quantity is regulated by avalve not shown) this steam carries With it by aspiration a variable quantityof air which can be adf justed by the operation of this valve and of the register 2, so that the quantities of air and steam are in proportion to the'quality of the fuel andl tothe manner in Which the combustion proceeds. The intimate mixture of air and steam, obtained in the passage, is

sent With maximum'velocity, thanks to the dimensionsV of the tuyre in the tube 4, the

expansion of the steam being utilized With' the maximum eiciency foricarrying the air, as Well as forthe cooling of the metal. The action of themixture `of air andy of'vapour,

`distributed in the combustion chamber, completes the combustion resultingffrom the actionof the furnace grate orof the burners, according as the apparatus utilizes Vsolid,

Y liquid or gaseous fuels, by the introduction of gases apt to support combustion in the Vet() mass of the -non-burned `hydrocarbureted gases. The air may be at ambient tempera? ture or heated by the lost heat from the flues, the furnace, etc.

It will be understood thatv the drawing in of the'air constituting the means apt to support combustion could be effected Without the use of steam, by means of afan or of a compressor discharging air 1n the passages.

Gases'apt to Vsupport combustion (oxygen,

etc.) might be used instead of air vor mixed with the air.

claim is A smokeless heat economizer, comprising Vamixing box,` means for admitting air and' steam to said'box, a conduit connected to said mixing box, said conduit being formed of a plurality of hollow rectangular elements having parallel external abutting faces and I lateraldownwardly inclined orifices for the injection of the mixture fromthe interior of the elements,.tie rods for maintaining-said Y velements assembled, lateral slots on eachele f Vment throughfwhich said rods pass, whereby Y each element may be independentlyjremoved t when they tierrodsfare loosened, and means to insure a constant pressure of linixture ati" ythe Vorifices throughout the length of theV conduit.v Y

In testimony that: I'claim thevforegoinglas havesigned my name.

my invention I y AUGUSTE VAVINKL'ER.y

quently the efc'ency of'the furnace is im-V 'Y proved.

Theintimate mixture of air andof the steam andthe adjustment of the outletipres* surek of this mixture may be obtained by means of the perforated diaphragms y5in the case of the arrangement shown. This is obtained naturallyrin .the case Where the eleof the 'utilization apparatus. This arrangement is particularly adapted to thercase VWhere combustion chambers AWith metallic Walls like those of locomotives,'boilers' With internal furnace, etc., are used. Thepassages Would be placed either at the lower portion or at the upper portion of the combustion chambers, as necessary. Y

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