US1630577A - Nitroglucoside explosive - Google Patents

Description

Patented May 31, 1927.

UNlTED STATES PATENi ROQFFICEL Rona-M" c. MORAN,

on woonBuRY, NEW snnsny, asswnon T0 in. I. nu ionic-Du nnmoons e COMPANY, OF WILMINGTON, nnnawann, A oonromrion ult mate,

wean.

mmnoewcosxnn nxrnosxv'n.

No Drawing. Original application filed January 23,1923, Serial No. 614,455. mvified and this ap'plication filedll'ovember 6, 1825. Serial Ho. 67,207. v

This invention relates to explosives, and

, particularly to high explosives such as dynanute, and comprises explosives of this type which contain, as the main explosive constitucnt or explosive base, a nitrated lucosicle of a polyhydric alcohol either albne or in conjunction with a nitrated polyhych'ic alcohol. I

The term glucosicle is used herein-in a -generic sense to refer to the ethei's formed by the condensation of hydroxy-hydrocun bone, and particularly polyhydric alcohols, with sugars (aldo-sugars) such as dextrose,

mannose, galactose, and other hexoses,

rharnnose '(a methyl-pentose), and various other sugars.

formula of the glucoside begngt-- omwmomomonofi oH omompnoongomoinomon As set out in co-pending application, Serial No. 614,455, filed January 28, 1923, of which: this application is a division, nitrated sugars have heretofore been used in the productionof explosives for commercial purposes. The use of nitrateclsugars possesses onthe one hand the following advantages:

' first, it makes possible cheaper-explosive bases due tothe replacement in art of the nitrated polyhyclric alcohols by t 1e cheaper 'nitPateILsugM; and, second, it permits the preparation of low-freezing explosive bases through the admixture of nit'rated sugars with the nitrated polyliydiicalcohols. .On the other hand, the very great objection to the use of nitrated sugars in commercial explosives has been their instability. For the pi oduction of explosives of lowi'reezing property, niti-ntecl polymerized glycerine has been found advantageous. Hui-l1 explosives are stable, but have the objection of relatively high cost, since uitrutetl polyn'ierized glycol-Inc is more expensive than nitroglycerine.

I have now discovered that nitratcdl glucosides may be used as explosives with essentially all thenlmve-cited advantages associated. with the use of both nitrated. sugars can be obtained having and nitrated polymerized glycerine and at the same tiihe Without the above-cited disadvantages of either one. In other gvords, the use, us explosiye s, of 'nit'rated glucosidesns for example the nit-rated dextros-glucoside of glycerine, involves the following advantnge's: first, a cheaper explosive base with niti'oglycerine is possible through substitu- 1.1011, in part, the nitroglycerine or of rib tinted polymerized glycei'ine by'the cheaper such as ethylene glycol, glycerine, etc, may

"be prepared by-methoils described in the literature (Ber. 26', 2411; 2?, 2-183: 28, 1145) Nitratex glucr sides of polyhydric alcohols may be prepared from the corresponch ing glucosides scribed in the literature (Ber. 31, 68). For use according to my invention such nitrated glucosides, as for oxainplethe :nitrated dex A These glucosides are chemo-i tci'ized by yielding upon hydrolysis a sugar Thus, I desig- I glycerineas the dext glycerine, the generally by the general method clecoside of 'glycerine to from i Thirty parts trose-glucoside of glycerine, ma be mixed .with a nitrated polyhydricalconol, as for example nitroglycerine, lin proportions rangingirom' 80%to 20% nitrated dextrose-glu- 20% to 80% of nitroglycerine While I have nientioned the above range of proportions of the-nitrates as suitable, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to any specific propor- 10 tions.

Instead oi mixing, as such, the nitrated glucosides of polyhydric alcohols and mtrated polyhydric alcohols, I prefer to, ni-Y trate the corresponding mixtures of theglu- 5 cosides ofpolyhydric alcohols with polyhyfor; example a mixture of Y drio alcohols, as

dxtro'seglucosideof gglyceriue and :glyccre in'e; "This'operation may be performed A zindsti red vuntil neutral witha 6% solution of sodium carbonate, in; water, at atempera- I ture of about iii-1005 1 Instead oflsodium carlfionateanother alkaliusuch assod1um-;hy-

dioxide, as Wellv as sodium bicarbonate, may

be used. The alkali solutidnlis then drawn off and the nitrated mixture iswas'hed with pure water at a teinpeigatu-i eof 70 -100?" $9 The mixture of trinitroglyceiine and nitrat-- ed glucoside is then pure,-and ready. for use:

In re'gafd to the above proportions, temperatures, etc all these'may be varied just 1 as they erine,

strengths. either anhydrous or containing-up can in tliemanufacture of nitroglyc 'to" several percent; (401' 5%) :of Water.

Different proportions of glycerine, glucoside ai'idimxc'damd, different neutralizing agents oi varyingstrength, and different ten perae tui'es of treatmentar'possible. v v Thesamemiv'c'ture proportions, nitration conditions. etc., ,hold for the other represent ative mixturesz-(a) a 'glucoside of a" glycol such as ethylene glycol and a polyliydrio alcoholsuch as glycerine, (5) a glucoside of a glycolgsuch aspthylene glycol 'glucbside and! la glyoolisucb' as ethylene glycol, and; v (c) aiglucosideof a poly'hydric'alcohol such hollsuch as glycerine.

i as iyceryl glucoside and a polyhydric aloe-l According j to my invention, desirable forins of dynamite may be made fromex plo'si-ve bases containing nitrated-fglucosides; 95 as, ior'exa nplc, the nit ntedvidexiii ose-glu-.

of a glucoside, suclnas the Nit and one part ofithis mixture I y is. nitrated with S -parts of a mixed acid of 25 theapp'rox-imate composition: Sulfuric acid The temperature and" iiine of nitration-are approximately the When the Hi tratidn ,isecomplete', the solution or mixture 11f.,triuitroglycerine and nitrated glucoside' separated from the spent acid The mixed acid can be ofvarious-,,

coside of glycerine, by mixing such base with the usual ingredients which rnake up nitroglycei-ine 'dynamitcs, such for example as sodium or potassium or ammonium nitrate, wood meal, etc. lworeover, it is possible by adding nitrocotton, to prepare gelatin dynamites of excellent character from explosive bases comprising nitrated glucosides of polyhydr-ic alcohols.

The different forms of dynamites which can be made from explosive bases comprising nitrated lucosides may be illustrated by the following examples:

Ammo- Dsgm- 3 322? d111a m e. yuumite mug j Per cent. Per cent. Per cent- Exploslve base 40 33 W H r- 0.75. 'NBNOIJ 45 i 51 NHaN Y Chalk; 5 1 Absorbent 14 14. 25 10 The ax losive' base in theabove examnitrated dexti'ose glucoside of ethylene glycol, the nitrated dextrose-gluaoside of side of glycerine. Or the explosive use ets lene glycol, or the mtra'ted niannoseluco in the above dynamite formulas may becomposed of a mixture of equal parts of-one of vtheabove mentioned nitratedglucoside's and of one of thexfollowing nitrated polyhydric f alcohols: ethylene, propylene, and butyl'ene, dinitra'tes, triniti'oglycerine, and nitrated polymerized glycerine. Instead of equal parts of the two constituents, the explosive base may consisbpfor example, of 30 parts nitratml glucosi de to 70 parts nitrated polyhydric alcohol.

The nit-rated glucosides which I prefer to use are derivedfrom. glucosides obtainable dric alcohols having from 2 to '94 carbon atoms, thus including polymerized, as well -,.by condensing aldo-heiioses 'with' polyhy as unpolymerized, glycerine, and the glycols such as cthylenenbutylene, and hexylene,

, glycois.

F or the production of gelatin dynamites ,the n trated glu,cosid;e-gly'cerine mixtures,

are especially valuahle,-.such mixtures gclatinizmg more readily with nitrocotton thaneither nitrated sugar-'glycerine mixtures ornitrated polymerized glycerine. As exam pies" of such nitrated gluooside-giycerine mixtures, there may be'mentioned the mix tures'" of trinitroglycerinewith the dextroseglucoside of ethylene glycol,ntrimethylene 'glycol or glycerine. By the, a; ressionsfnitratedfglucosides? and nitrate p'olyhydric alcohols? 11 mean, in general, glucosi'cles and polyhydnic deohols which are completely initrateil, that, is,

p in which each hydroxyl group has been 0on While the hexa-oitrio ester specific extent of the nitration may be -Vfllld, as

however, also come within the scope vetted i Mnitmte (-G--NQ,) group. Iurtislly mmioi gllicooides and eleoiiols, of my invention.

In the nitration of the glnoooide, one or more of the hydroxyi groups may M com example, it is understood that the has been pointed out.-

While I have described lily new expiosive compositions in deteil, it 'will be understood that man changes may be made therein Without opal-thug from the spirit or of my invention I claim: I '1. An explosive mixture COIllPIlSlDg a I nitratosl glucoside of: &' polyhydric alcohoL 2. An explosive mixture comprising a 'nitr'ated glucoside of a polyliydnc alcohoi containing two nitro groups. 7 w

3.1; explosive :mixture ni trated glucoside of a polyhydrie alcohol hn'ving from to 9 carbon atoms.

"4. A'dynamite containing a nitrateddextroseigluooside oil a polyhydric alcohol. i 5. dynamite (ontaining a nitrated dexcomprising a ta oee-glucooide of a polyhydric alcohol oontainin two nitro groups.

'6. A ynamito containing the nitratml dextroso-glucoside of glycerine'.

7. An explosive composition containing a nitrated dextroooglueoside of a polyhy drio alcohol and e oitz'aoed polybydric also 8.4An explosive composition containing the nitrateol (lextrose-glueoeide of'glycerine and a nitmted polyliydric alcohol.

.9. An explosive composition containing the nitrated dextrose-glucoside' of glycerine Y and nitrated glycerine.

10. An explosive composition comprising a Initiated glucoshle of o polyhytlric alcohol and an allarylene dinitmte. v

is given as a the nitmted 'polyhydrio alcohol.

the oitrated glueosido nitrated polyhyilrie aicohol.

11. A dynamite comprising a nitreteii Rklo-hexose-glueoside of a poiyhydrie aloe 12 A dynamite containing :13 the explo sive base a mixture of a mitt-sited gluooeide of e lyhycirie alcohol and o, nitreteti poi liydme alcohol, from about or to 529% of said mixture being mite-mixed glucosifie, and the remoificlei' being the iiitwoted' poiyhycirio alcolioi. v q

13 All explosive composition comprising the oitmtecl giocosicle of a. poiyhgldrio also hol owl a nitrated POIYiIydL'iC alcohol.

14; An explosive composition comprising 1101 having two nitro gm ups, and e nitretei 15. An explosive composition comprising of glycorine and a N 16. An exploeive composition comprising a nitrated heXose-glucoeide of a. poiybydric. alcohol and nitrogiyoerioe. I e 1'4, A. explosive composition oomprising a nitrated I liegom-giocoeitie of alcohol lowing two xiitro groups end on alkylene dioitmte. v

18. An explosive eomposition oomprif a nitmted hexoeeglocoside of glyoerinezii nitro-glyeerine;

19. An explosive composition eomprioing a nitrated' gloooside of a polyhyelrie aleohoi and ethylene dinitmte. Y I

20 An explosive compositioncomprising a nitrated glucoside of giycerioeikfldzfi $5 nilzrated glycol.

In testimony whereof I efiix my signature.

' ROBERT C, MORAN.

glucosideoi e polyhydrle alone