US1622747A - Method of making cloth stencils - Google Patents

Description

March 29 1927'.

R. TULL METHOD OF MAKING CLOTH STENCILS Filed June 28, 1926 Sheets-Sheet 1 1,622,747- March 29, 1927, R TULL METHOD OF MAKING CLOTH STENCILS Filed June 2 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 r ll III my Jnontot Patented Mar. 29, 1927.

UNITED'STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROGER TULL, 01 L08 ANGFLES, GALIFORNTIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTERN LITHOGItAPH COMPANY, 01 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A COBPOBATIONOI CALIFORNIA.

METHOD MAKING CLOTH STENCILS.

Application fled June 28,

An ob ect of the invention is to lessen the v expense of making stencils of this character.

A further object is to eliminate some of 10 the free-hand drawing that heretofore has been "necessary in the preparation of stencils of this type.

A still further'object is to enable the production of very small lettering and fine detail work in designs, this being heretofore impossible of achievement with oil paint procemes.

a It is at present customary in the photo-i.

graphic method of making cloth stencils, through which aint is forced, for the artist to make a b ack and white drawing for each color of paint that is to be employed, the drawings pre sired by the artist being difierent and eac drawing showing only those portions that are to be printed in a particular color. These drawings are made upon transparent sheets oi paper laid over the colored original. Thus, there is involved a considerable amount of costly hand work. The drawings thus made are then photographed; Another common method at present in use is for the artist to block out each stencil cloth screen by' hand from the original sketch. This, of course, also involves a considerable amount of costly hand work. By this new method, when the negative 1s made by hand, the artist need only pre pare one such negative ona sheet of transarent' celluloid, or similarsubstance, which is laid upon the colored original, and the artist with. a brush and suitable opaque paint copies upon the transparent celluloid, the'original drawing. The celluloid draw- 45 mg, which actually constitutes a negative, thus made, is simply a silhouette or flat tone line drawing. The photographic method of preparing the negative is accomplished by the usual photographic: process,

the -.colored original being photographed on a sensitized plate, the exposed plate developed, and said plate then fixed. It is the artists work that is so expensive in the preparation of stencils, of this character and upon paper or other suitable 1928. Serial No. 118,040.-

the more of this work that can be eliminated, the cheaper the stencils can be made. Other objects and advantages will appear 111 the subjoined detailed description. Y

The accompanying drawings illustrate the results of certain operations of the method embodying the invention: Figure 1 representsthe colored original whic is to be reproduced. I Figure 2 represents one of the negatives made by copying the colored original. A printed transparency is also shown applied to the negative. V

Figure 3' represents the printed transparency shown applied in place on the negative in Figure 2.

. Figure 4 represents a print made. photographically on bolting cloth from the negative in Figure 2. I

Figure 5 represents a screen produced by the artist blocking out with lacquer the portions of the print shown in Figure 4 that are to be impervious to the paint.

Figure 6 represents another screen made inthe same manner as that shown in Figure 5 by the use of another such print as shown in Figure 4;

Figure 7 represents the result of forcing paint through the screen shown in Figure 5 v material.

Figure 8 represents the result of forcing paint through the screen shown in Figure 6, upon paper or other material already printed in one color, as shown in Figure 6. i

It will be readily understood thatthe different views mentioned above do not perfectly represent the results of the various operations because of the limitations imposed by representing wash drawings with line drawings. The drawings are only apnroximations of the results secured by various operations. and the different colors in the colored original are indicated by lines extending in diflerent directions.

In order to perform the method, a drawing or print is used an the same preferably appears in the colors that are to be reproduced and such drawing or print is herein termed colored original. The orig- .inal in color is represented in Figure 1 of ms the drawings and in this instance, for example, the horizontal lines indicate the color llue, the vertical lines indicate the color red, and. the combination of vertical and horizontal lines indicates gray or black. The colored original may be in solid colors or may be a line drawing. A negative, as indicated in Figure 2, is made from the colupon the transparent plate the colored drawing therebeneath. The drawing thus made is simply a silhouette or fiat tone drawing. When the negative is made by the usual photographic process, the colored original is photographed on a sensitized transparent plate, the exposed plate developed and then fixed. v

Aftepnthe negative is prepared as de shribedabove, a plurality of photographic prints aremade on light-sensitized bolting cloth from said negative, one for each color ot the original drawing or each color that istobe reproduced. In the instance illustrated, to reproduce the colored original shown in Figure 1, it would be necessary to make three prints from the negative, one for the blue color, one for the red color, and one for tne black or gray. Une such print is represented in Figure 4: and it will be readily understood that the others are simply duplicates of the one represented.

The photographic prints mentioned above may be made as follows: No. llXX bolting cloth is stretched over the edge of a wooden ltrame andthe cloth thus stretched is taken to a dark room, and a camel hair brush is employed for covering the bolting cloth on the outer side with a solution made as follows: 90 grains of bichroniate of ammonia is dissolved in 5 ounces of distilled water drops of aqua ammonia added and this mixture will be identified as mixture G. Metal mustnot touch the solution nor should it be exposed to any except red light. After the sensitizer thus made has been applied to the bolting cloth and has dried, the dryin taking about an hour, the sensitized 'clot 1S ready for printing from the negative.

For printing, the negative will be placed in close contact with the sensitized bblting cloth and then exposed, sayfor 5 minutes in front of two 500 watt lamps. After thus exposing, the negative is removed and the.

bolting cloth thus exposed is washed under tlompressed air will be used to free the clear portions of the bolting cloth of the water. Those portions of the sensitizer rendered insoluble in water by the action of light will not be washed off.

After this treatment, the printed bolting cloth will be placed in the sunlight until the sensitizer that remains hardens. This takes about 10 minutes; If there is no sunlight, it should dry in a place free from dust.

The artist next blocks out with lacquer upon each of thebolting cloth prints those portions that are to be impervious to the paint emplo ed in making the particular color run with the screen thus produced. The resulting screens are indicated in Figurea 5 and 6, the one in Figure 5 being for the red color run and the one in Figure 6 being for the blue color run. The screen for the black or gray reproduction is not illustrated, since it will be readily understood that in preparing such screen, the artist will block out with lacquer all portions that are not to appear in black or gray, leaving all portions blank or clear that are eventually to appear in the reproduction in blacl: or gray. Tn blocking out, the artist has followed out this procedure in making the screens shown in Figures 5 and 6, as in the screen illustrated in Figure 5, he has blocked out only those portions that are eventually to appear in blue and blank, leaving blank the portions that are to appear in red. Also in Figure 6, he has blocked out only those portions that are to appear in red and black,

leaving blank or clear those portions that are to appear in blue. Thus, the screens shown in Figures 5 and 6 are exactly the reverse of one another. I

After the screens have been prepared in this manner, they will be treated with lacquer mixed with No. 206 Zapon blue and No. 16 Zapon thinner, or other suitable nitrocellulose roducts. This solution is applied /on one side of the screen with a large brush and, at the same time, the other side of said screen is rubbed with a soft rag.

The stencil screens are now ready for use in a manner well understood in the art relating to the printing of cloth stencils of this character. Briefly, paper or cardboard will be placed beneath the stencil screens and paint will be forced through said stencil screens by application of a squeegee to the back of the screen, the screens being used successively to make the color runs in rotation.

In order to reproduce relatively small letters, such as form, for example, the words iRadio tube, as indicated in the drawings, it is preferable to perform the following operations: The negative indicated in Figure 2, if made by the artist, will omit the fine letterin Radio tube and said words will be running water to wash out the glue solutiompr' to on a strip 9, shown in Figure 3, of

I celluloid or equivalent thin transparent substance and said printed strip will then be secured by'a transparent glue or adhesive on the negative in the position that it is desired the lettering is to appear in the final reproductions." The strip 9 is shown in place in Figure 2. Obviously, the print indicated in Figure4 and the screens indicated in Figures 5 and 6 will contain the words shown on the strip 9, since the light rays will be obstructed by the letters printed on said strip.

In many instances, it is of advantage, especially when there is small detail in the design, to allow a color to overlie a portion of another color, and, consequently, in such event some portions of the screen may be left open even though such open portions correspond in position with the colors that, are afterward to be forced through a different screen.

Iclaim:

1. The method of making stencils consisting in making a negative from the colored original that is to be reproduced, making a plurality of photographic prints on sensitized bolting cloth from said negative,

and blocking out on the several prints the portions thatare to be impervious to paint and that correspond respectively to the different colors.

' 2. The method of making stencils consisting in making a photographic negative from the colored original that is to be reproduced, making a plurality of photographic prints on sensitized bolting cloth from said negative, and blocking out on the several prints the portions-that are to be impervious to paint and that correspond respectively to the different colors.

3. The method of making stencils consisting in laying a transparent plate over the colored original that is to be reproduced, copying in opaque paint upon the plate the colored original, making a plurality of photographic prints on sensitized bolting cloth from the painted plate, and blocking out on the several prints the portions that are to be impervious to paint and that correspond respectively to the different colors.

4. The method of making stencils consisting in making a negative from the colored original that is to be reproduced, printing upon a transparent strip some of the lettering it may be desired to have appear in-the reproductions, securing the printed strip upon the negative, making a plurality of photographic prints onsensitized bolting cloth from the negative after the printed strip has been aflixed thereto, and blocking out on the several prints the portions that are to be imperviousto paint and that cor respond respectively to the different colors.

5. The method of making stencils consisting n making a negative from the colored original that is to be reproduced, printing upon a transparent strip details not present in said original, securing the printed strip upon the negative, making a plurality of photographic prints on sensitized bolting cloth from the negative after the rinte d strip has been aflixed thereto and blbcking out on the several prints the portions that are to be impervious to paint and that correspond respectivelyto the different colors. 6. The method of making stencils consisting in making a negative from the coloredoriginal that is to be reproduced, making a plurality of photographic prints on sensitized bolting cloth from said negative, and blocking outon the several prints the portions that are to be impervious to paint.

7. The method of making stencils consisting in making a photographic negative fromthe colored original that is to be reproduced,

out on the several prints the portions that are to be impervious to paint.

9. The method of making stencils consistin in making a negative from the colored original that is to be reproduced, printing upon a transparent strip some of the let tering it may be desired to have appear in the reproductions, securing the printed strip upon the negative, making a plural1ty of photographic prints on sensitized bolting cloth from the negative after the printed strip has been afiixed thereto, and blocking out on the several prints the portions that are to be impervious to paint.

10. The method of making stencils consisting in making a negative from the col-. ored original that is to be reproduced, printing upon a transparent strip details not present in said original, securing the printed strip upon the negative, making a Eplurality of photographic prints on sensitize bolting cloth from the negative after the printe strip has been aflixed thereto, and blocking out on the several prints the portions that are to be impervious to paint. I

Signed at Los Angeles, California, this 19th day of June, 1926.

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