US1622369A - Building block and wall - Google Patents

Description

h 29 19 Marc 27 N. E. CLEMENTSON BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL Filed Aug. 4; 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 1927' N. E. CLEMENTSON BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL Filed Aug. 4. 1?.26 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m H 0/ ma w\ X L P w. L w w H i L i M x L TM Q i lil Patented Mar. 29, 1927.

PATENT OFFECE.

NILS E. CLEMENTSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL.

Application filed August 4, 1928.

This invention relates to building blocks, used for constructing the walls of buildings, and to walls made of blocks and used as retaining walls for cuts, fills and embankments, and to means for reinforcing said walls. I

Blocks embodying this invention may be made of a hydrated concrete mixture, of brick, or of tile.

Among the objects of this invention is the production of an artificial block to form a member of a wall and of a saddle of metal which will co-operate with said block so as to obtain a reinforced wall well adapted to withstand both longitudinal and lateral strains. An additional objectis to obtain a hollow block which can be built into a wall and reinforced so-as to obtain a wall of limited thickness well adapted to form a retaining wall. An additional object is to obtain a reinforced wall built up of blocks which Will be moisture proof, and will substantially prevent heat and cold passing therethrough. An additional object is to obtain hollow blocks which can be built into a reinforced wall well adapted to prevent buckling under a heavy load, or by earth tremors; and a block which will ensure a vertical wall, and one having similar joints at abutting blocks. An additional object is to obtain a wall built up of blocks and reinforced in such manner as to enable it to resist considerable side pressure while of small lateral dimension, when used as a retaining wall.

The manner in which the several objects of the invention are attained is illustrated in the drawings accompanying and forming a part hereof and described and claimed herein; and in said drawings Fig. 1 is a horizontal section of a'wall embodying the invention taken on line 1-1 of Fig. 3, viewed as indicated by arrows.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a section of a wall embodying the invention, with the outer face of a portion thereof broken away to show the interior of blocks of which it is built up and the reinforcing means forming a part of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the wall illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, taken on line 33 of Fig. 2, viewed as indicated by arrows.

Fig. 4 is an isometric perspective of a block which is built into a wall embodying Serial No. 127,031.

the invention and which forms the greater portion of said wall. I

F g. 5 is an isometric perspective of a block forming a joist supporting course of said wall.

F g. 6 1s an isometric perspective of a block forming a course resting on the joist supporting course of. the wall.

And Flg. 7 is an isometric perspectiveof a block forming the second course above the which is adapted to form a member of a large majority of the courses forming a wall embodying the invention. 2, Figs. 3

and 5, represents a block which is adapted to form a member of a joist supporting course of said wall. 3, Figs. 1 and 6, represents a block which is adapted to form a member of a course of the wall embodying the invention which is adjacent to joist supported by the wall, and which rests on and is supported by the joist supporting course of the wall. 4, Figs. 3 and 7, represents a block which is adapted to form a member of the course resting on the course formed by blocks 3. 5 represents the inside face of blocks 1 and 2. 6 represents the inside face of blocks 3, and 7, 7", the inside faces of block 4. 8 representsthe outside faces of all the blocks illustrated. 9' represents a vertical space or passageway extending through the blocks 1, 3 and 4, adjacent or next to the .outer wall having face 8. 10 represents a vertical space orpassage way extending through block 1, adjacent to the inner wall of the block; 1O a similarly positioned vertical space or passage way 6X- tending through block 3, and 10 10, similarly positioned vertical spaces or passage ways through block 4. 11 represents a central vertical air space 'or passage way: in blocks 1 and 3, respectively; and 11, 11* vertical spaces or passage ways, centrally positioned between spaces 9 and 10", 10. 12 represents recesses in the ends of blocks 1 and 4, and in one end of block 3. These recesses 12- are all of the same width and depth. The distance from the inner face of the end walls of spaces 11 is the same as the distance from the face of the end walls of spaces. 11*, 11 which are adjacent to the ends of block 4. 13 represent apertures in the horizontal member of block 2. 1%, Fig. 3, represent recesses in block 2 which extend up from the under side of said block to the horizontal member thereof. 15 rep resents a rabbet at one end of block 3 to. permit the end of joist, (16) to rest on the upper face of block 2, and 15 represents a recess in block 4 into which the end of joist 16 may enter. 17, Figs. 2 and 8 represents a foundation metal plate; and 18 metal saddles which extend through apertures provided therefor in. plate 17. 19 represents nutson the lower ends of saddles 18, to secure said saddles in said plate. 20 represents a. concrete mixture which poured over, around and under plate 17, to form-the footing of the wall.

In constructing a wall embodying this invention, after the footing 20 has set a course of blocks 1 is laid thereon, with suitable mortar on the ends and under sides thereof, the said saddles 18 being enclosed in the spaces 11 of said blocks, the outer faces of the legs of said saddleslitting closely to the ends of said spaces, and the side faces of said legs lit ting closely to the fates of the sides of said spaces. The end of the blocks forming this course are thus brought closely together, and said blocks are thus firmly anchored to the footing. Similar saddles, 1 8 F ig. 2, may then be placed in apertures 11 of the course resting on the footing, with the cross bars of said saddles resting on the cross bars of saddles 18, and additional courses formed respectively of blocks 1, may be laid on said first named course, until the ends of saddles 18 are contained in a space 11 of the blocks of the top course. Preferably in laying the courses as last above described some of the saddles 18 do,

not have a saddle 18" placed thereon with the cross bar thereof in contact with the cross bar of a saddle 18; but after said courses to and including the one in which the upper ends of saddles 18 are contained in the spaces 11 of blocks in the top course so far laid, additional saddles, 18 are inserted, with the lower ends of the parallel bars of said additional saddles resting on the cross bars of saddles 18, and with the cross bars thereof in a space 11 of a block in said upper or top course.

It is to be observed that the distance of the inner faces of the ends of space 11, in

cent to the ends of block 4. That is, when the parallel bars of a saddle are contained in a space 11, 11, or 11*, of blocks in different courses, the inside faces of parallel members of saddles will be in contact with the inner faces of the ends of said spaces 11. Also, the apertures 13 in block 2 are positioned and spaced so the ends of the parallel members of a saddle may extend therethrou-gh and into spaces 11 of blocks in a different course, (above or below said block 2). The saddles 18, 18 and 18, are preferably made of a square bar of iron which corre-- sponds with the width of the several spaces 11, 11, and 11 The parallel bars or mem bers of the several saddles thus fit closelyto the inner faces of the side walls of the several spaces, as well as the inner faces of the parallel members fitting closely to the end walls of said spaces in adjacent blocks. The cross member of each of said saddles are of a length so that when said cross memher is in a space 11 the outer face of the parallel members of said saddle fit closely to the inner faces of the ends ofsaid. spacqand of all said spaces in the blocks of additional courses through which said parallel members extend.

It is evident that the length of the parallel members in a saddle may vary, so that some of said parallel members may extend through spaces in a varying number of courses of said blocks, care being taken that the length of said parallel members is such that the cross members thereof are in a space 11, while the ends of the parallel members rest on or are close to an adjacent saddle, (in a course above or below).

19, 20 represent additional recesses in the ends of the several blocks 1, 2, and 4, respectively, to obtain additional vertical spaces between the ends of adjacent blocks in a given course. V

lVherev-er a cross member of a saddle is inserted in a spacell the vertical passage way formed by said space is. closed, so that,- dead vertical air spaces are formed between said cross members in the wall, that is, from one cross member to. an additional cross member.

By applying a hydrated cement mixture to the saddles immediately prior to placing a block thereover, orimmediately prior to inserting said saddle or the parallel members thereof in a block, the mixture so applied will form a bond between the saddle and the block, and additional strength will be there by given to the reinforced wall.

I claim:

1. A wall constructed of blocks. respective ly provided with a vertical space extending therethrough and with vertical recesses at the ends thereof substantially in line with, and of substantially the same width as said space, in combination with metal members comprising a cross element and parallel elesaid blocks and said cross element and saidparallel elements in said metal members so related that when said cross element is in said space of a block in a course of blocks said blocks are anchored to said footing, and when said cross element is in a space in a block and said parallel elements are in said space in adjacent blocks of a course said adjacent blocks are bound together.

2. A wall constructed of blocks respective ly provided with a vertical space extending therethrough and with vertical recesses at the ends thereof substantially in line with said space and of substantially the same Width, in combination with metal members comprising a cross element and parallel elements thereto, said space and said recesses in said blocks and said cross element and parallel elements of said metal member so related that when said cross element is in a space in a block and said parallel elements are in spaces in adjacent blocks of an additional course of blocks, said adjacent blocks are anchored together.

3. A wall constructed of blocks respectively provided with a vertical space extending therethrough and with vertical recesses at the ends thereof substantially in line with said space and of substantially the same width, in combination with metal members comprising a cross element and parallel elements thereto, said space, said recesses, said cross element and said parallel elements so related that when said cross element is in said space in a block in one course of the blocks in said wall the outer faces of said parallel elements are in contact with the end walls of said space and the inner faces of said parallel elements are in contact with the end walls of said space in adjacent blocks in another course of said blocks.

4. A Wall constructed of blocks respectively provided with a vertical space extend ingtherethrough and with vertical recesses at the ends thereof substantially in line with said space, in combination with metal members comprising parallel elements, said space and said recesses so related to said parallel elements that the end walls of said space in blocks in one course of blocks in said wall are in a predetermined position relative to the end walls of said space in adjacent blocks in additional courses, and said parallel elements arranged to extend vertically through the space in a block in one course and through said space in adjacent blocks in an additional course, to bind said blocks together and to anchor one course to another course.

5. A wall constructed of blocks respectively provided with a space extending vertically therethrough and recesses at both ends in line with said space, in combination with U-shaped metal bars of substantially the same width as said space and recesses to bind together adjacent blocks in a course, and to anchor blocks in said course to blocks in an additional course.

6. A wall constructed of blocks respectively provided with a vertical space extending therethrough and with vertical recesses at the ends thereof, in combination With vertical metal bars, said space and said recesses so related that the end walls of said space in a block in one course of blocks in said wall are in a predetermined position relative to the end walls of said space in adjacent blocks in another course, and said bars extend through said space in said blocks in aplurality of courses.

NILS E. CLEMENTSON.

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