US1620870A - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

March 15, 1927.

coMP'REssoR Filed Jan, 9, 1924 lime/@idr dr@ 0. darn? Il m I., mw,

fe Emu March 15, 1927. "1,620Q8'70` JQ o. ARREY COMPRESSOR Filed Jan'. 9, 1924 5 sheets-sheet 2 March 15, 1927. 1,620,870`

J. Q. CARREY COMPRESSOR Filed Jah. saL 1924 5 sheets-sheet s March 15, 1927.

J. O. CARREY COMPRESSOR Filed Jan( 9, 1924 5 sheets-sheet 5 yPatented Mar.v l15,V 1927.5

UNITED SfrfrEs'A JOHN o. CARREY, oris'r. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR Tofoiinnnvfivionsn ENGINEER-7' ING COMPANY, or ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A oonrOIiA'rION: or' MISSOUBL l COMPRESSOR.

Appiieation nieu January 9, i924. sriai No. (585,164.

, VThis invention relates to new improvements, in fluid compress and useful ors and the objects of the invention .arexto' providel a compressor which is compact in size, is of 5 durable Construction, and noiseless in operation, and ishighly etlioient in performing its intended functions.'

A Further object-s of the invention are 4t provide a fluid compressor having all ofpits operating parts enclosed in a casing Which is hermetically sealed, thereby into the atmosphere.

eliminating yStill further objects of the ,invention are 'to provide a compressor having telescopic vpistons which cooperate to partially compress the vfluid before the latter is vadmitted tothe compression chamber of the cylinder to receive its final compression,

vide mechanism for operating said Vpistons in correlation with each other.

Other objects of the invention and to pro are to provide valves for said pistons, Which valves are of simple construction andnoiseless infop- Y' eration andare arranged to form part of the respectivev pistons, said valves having lost motion relative to said pistonswhereby they are positioned bythe movement tons to control the passage o of saidpisi f .the 4fluid through the lat-teniand to provide asiii'iple and yefficient cup valve for con trolling A the pressure 'chamber of the cylinders.

-With these and other objects in view my vinvention consists in certain novel features of lconstruction and arrangement ot parts hereinafter more fully described -and'claimedf and illustrated in the accompanying dravv-i'V ings, in Which-f` Figure 1 is a verticall crossfsection taken longitudinally through my improved com-V pressor. l

. Figure 2 is la horizontal section taken on line 2-2`of lFigure l.

Figure 3 is a perspective detailvieiv of one of the eccentric operated blocks.

' Figure '4 is a verticalv cross section taken longitudinally through said block. f

Figure is a vertical crossjsection on linee-5 of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a vertical cross sec on line y6--6 ofFigure 1.

taken tion taken Figure 7 is a verticalcross section taken on line 7-7 'of Figure 1. Figure 8 is a horizontal ycross s ection'taken u iirst stage of the compression operation. all danger of the compressible fluid escapingY 'f longitudinally.through one of. the cylinders. i

and ysliovvinglthe pistons and valves in position at the completion ofV the final compression stroke. as indicated byy arrows.-

Figure -9 vis asimilar vie'W of the cylinder v andshoWing-:the pistons1 actuated tovvard 60",V

ofthe compression operation and theinner or smaller piston in positionutof'receive charge of the fluid preliminary to theinitial 70 y or first stage ofthe compression' operation. Fi re 12 is van lenlarged crossseetion taken on line `12k-12 of: Figure 1 and' shovv- 'i ing .they cylinder valve partly in 'cross' section.- v

Figure 13 is avertical cross sectiony taken 75 .on line 13-*18 of 'Figure v1 and showingthe v Y valve of thela'rge1pistonA in end elevation. f

Figure 14 is a veitical'cross sectiontakenon line 141-14 o f'lFigure 1 and showing the valve of the smaller pistonin end elevation; i Figure'l isa cross section taken on line, 15--15 of Figure 1 andsliowing the'port openings in. the respective pistons. y l

Figure 16 isalpersp'ective detail view'of a the compression end of the larger pist-en v Figure 17 is aperspective `detaill viewofy the cup valve of said piston? Figure 18' is a" perspective detail viewl of the compression end ofthesinaller piston. A Y. igure 19 is a perspectivedetail View lof 90 the cup valve of saidpiston. Y Figure 2O is ar detail 'vieW: illustrating the Vmanner in :which the valve is retained in position onthepistons and showing said valve in its displacedor discharging position. .gV Figurejflfis a similar view showing the valve in closed or seated position. y Figure 22 is a detail View illustrating how the valves may be'remov'ed fi'om their posi'- 100y Y apparatus were lgenerally* of the -single stage type Whereinonly one pistonyvas used 1in 105 each rcylinder'to'eil'ect the complete coinl pression. rIfhe compressors oi'lthisr type are y consequently ycomparatively large and are noisyin operation and for these reasons not suitable for domestic purposes. The valves employed in these machines are usually held to their seats by means of springs which are noisy and liable to become broken, thereby disabling the apparatus. t y

In the present invention the-'compression is effected in successive stages, a pair of telescopic pistons being provided ifor eachV cylinder and said pistons being operable in correlation to initially compress the charge before `it is admit-ted to the; compression chamber of the cylinder forr its final compression. rFh-e fluid to be compressed is fadmitted to the intake chamber of the first or inner-one of the pistons rthrough suitable ports and passesvtherefrom into the chamber inthe second one of Vthe pistons: where itis partially compressed by said pistons and is then discharged into: the compressionchamber of the cylinder. In this chamber it receives its final compression by the action oi' Cil ported in position bylsuitable extensions or,

legs 1l. A pair of diametrieally opposed cylinders 12 are carried by said casing and have their inner :ends opening therelnto.4

y The outer ends of said cylinders are preferably closed by caps' 14 which are secured to the flanged portions of said cylinders by suitable fastening devicesjl. The sides of the casing-are closed by side plates 16 and 17 which are held` toV said casing by bolts 18, gaskets 19 of .snitab-ie material being interposed between theplates 16 and 1'1"; and easing` to form: a perfect seal therebetween. Thev side plates are provided witlrcentrally arranged tubular extensions; .or bosses: 162l and 17?; respectively, which are closed on Vtheir outer ends .and are provided with bearings for the ends of' a horizont-addy disposed shaft 2Oy which extends axially through the casingA 10:.. y Y Y A large gear'21 is fixed to shaft 2O adjacent to one of the side plates and meshes with a pinion: 22 which is carried shaft 24. This shaft has onev of. its ends journal'edE -a bearing- 25- formed. integral with the corresponding side. plate and extends longitudinally Lo said cas-ing through a'suitable bearing 2,6'- and is connected to an. electric motor (not shown) or othersuitable driving connection. Bearing 2G is provided with application tiled by me February 25, 1924,

Serial Number 695,031.

Shaft 20 has fixed thereon in any suitable manner, such. as a heyQ, a pair or' oppositely disposed eccentrics 2S and 29. Engaging eccentric 28 are the inner semi-circular ends of blocks 30 and the `outer curved ends' of said blocks bear against the faces of wedge members 31 which are adjustably supported in the ends of a cross head 32, This cross head isv preferably box-shaped having an open inner face and an inwardly presented reinforcing' Hange 32a formed on its outer face. Adjusting screws are rotatably seated in the horizontal portions o'l frame or cross head 32 and have their' threaded ends extending inwardly to engage threaded openings formed in the ends oi wedge mem-- bers 31. Thus by turn-ing screws 34 in the proper direction these blocks 31 mayy be moved upwardly or downwardly teadjnst the wedge faces thereof relative to the axisoii shaft't) and thereby take up any slack be tween the eccentric and the respective blocks or between the blochsand the Wedge mem# bers. The outer faces of vertical portions of member 32 have fixed thereto' the inner ends of longitudinally lisposed pistons AEccentric 29' is in engagement with the inner ends of blocks 36 which are arranged adjacent to blocks 3G and have theiro-uter ends bearing against wedge blocks 37 adjustably supported in a member or cross head 38.by adjusting screws 39. Cross head is similarin construction to cross headi 32 having aninwardly presented flange` 38 on its outer face and having its'i'nner fare open and slidingly engaging the inner tace of cross head 32, bestv shownin Figure 7. The outer 'face of each vertical' portion of member 38 is provided with a semi-circular member 4'0 having asemi-circular groove 40% This groove is adapted to receive' a semi-cin cula-r flange 41 formed on the i-nnerfend of each piston 42. Pistons 42 are reciprocally mounted in cylinders 12 andare formed tubular to: receive in telescopic relation Vthe smaller pistons The outer end of each` piston is formed with a reduced annulus 44 for receiving the' cylindrical portion 4 5 of a eup valve 46. `This cup valve has a lost motion connection withk said piston and held .in position thereon. by means ot an eX- pansible ring' 47 which isv seated in and eX- tends inwardly from a circular groove formed in the inner face of cylindric tion 45 and engages a peripheral'gi oove 48 formed in the reduced annulus The width oi groove 48 is greater' than the Width of ring 47 so as to permit apredetermined movement of valve 46 relative to piston35.

The end wall of valve 46V is provided with a series ofl circularly disposed yopenings or apertures 49 which.` when the valve is seated,

abut theV outer 'vend of piston 35 and are closed, thereby, as shown in Figuresy 9 andl l() and which, when the valve is unseated, establish communication between the interior or intake chamber 50 of piston 35 and cham` ber 51 of piston 42, as. shown in Figures 8 and 11. Piston is provided with va port 52 and piston 42 is provided with a rport 54 and said ports arearranged so that when pistons and 42 occupy predetermined positionsl the ports thereof are in register with each other and with the intake connection 55 of the compressor, as shown in Figures 9 and 11. Piston 35 is provided with packing rings 56 and ing rings 57 VThe outer end'of piston 42 has a reduced vannulus 58 for receiving the cylindrical portion 59 of a cup valve 60.` The cylindrical portion of cup valve 60 has seated inits inner face av detachable Vexpansible ring 6l which opera-tes in a peripheral vgroove 62 formed in said reduced annulus. Cup valve 60`-has lost motion with respect to piston 42 and the extent of said lost motion is con- TheeXt-reine outer end of each cylinder 12 'Y is provided with aninwardly disposed annular seat 66 in which operates the cylindrical portion 67 of a cup valve 68. Valve 68 is provided with a flanged portion69 which overhangs .cylindrical portion 67 and seats itself against the annular shoulder 70 of cylinder 12. The cylindrical lportion 67 is provided. with a series of circumferentially bei' 72.

disposed apertures or openings 71 which are adapted to establish communication between compression chamber' 65 and pressure cham- This cup valve 68 is slidingly arranged in `cylinder 12 and'is adapted to be unseated by the pressure' created in com-v pressionchainbei' 65 and move outwardly whereby ports 71 establish communication between the compression chambers 65 and pressure chamber 72, as shown in Figures 8 and 1l, vallowingl the lcompressed fluid to escape from said compression chamber to pressure chamber '72. Then the pressure in the lcompression chamber 65 is removed the piston 42 is provided with pack-Y the blocks.

vent splitting thereof. preferably communicate with the grooves 7-5 pressure in pressure chamber 72 causes valve 68 to move inwardly into its closed position.

The extent lof outward movement of valve 68 isfcontrolled by the cap 14, the central portion of which is curved or forced inwardly and act-s as a stop forsaid valve.

An ,outlet pipeY connection 74 is arranged in the flanged portion of each cylinder l2l and conveys the compressed fluid away from the pressure chamber 72. The edges of the cylindrical portionsof valves 46 and 60 are' preferably cuton a taper Vas best shown in Figures and 21 so as toy provide sharp edges which will prevent accumulation of foreign substances in the reduced annuhis of said pistons. Y

Blocks land 36 edges adjacent to their outward curved ends with curved portions 430et and 36a, respectively, and these curved' portions are adapted tok be engaged by lugs or ears 32b and 38h, which lugs Aare struck from the outer lfaces of blocks 32 and 38,.respectively, and'project laterally therefrom toward the correspond- `ingblocks.- These lugs `serve to holdcthe outer ends of the blocks in their proper operative positions. Blocks 50- and r36 arek preferably made of line grain wood, such as maple, and the concave faces of said blocks are provided with grooves 75 which are designed to be lled with babbitt as indicated. at 76 in Figure 3. i y

In the body of the blocks are formed a series of bores disposed vertically, horizontally and .angularly in different'portions of These bores are filled with babare provided in their bitt so as to reinforce said blocks and pre-f These various bores so that the inet-al filling in said grooves and in said bores tends to leadH away and dissi-y pate the lheat created by? friction between the concave faces ofthe blocks andthe eccentrics operating therein. e r

ln the operation of the compressor the compressible fluid .is drawn during theisuction stroke of piston through intake pipe 55 .and the ports 54 and 52 into the intake chamber l from which it then passes through ports 49 in valve 46, which occupies la displaced position, into the compression chamberl. Whilethe piston is n'ioi'ing .inwardly to draw in the fluid, piston 42. is moving outwardly' andV vis exhausting the compressed fluid from thecylindei compression chamber through the iinseated valve 68 into the pressure chamber 72. Uponthe return stroke ofpiston 354 .valve 46 is seated, thereby closing port openings 49 and trapping the 'liuidin chamber 51.4 Vliile piston is moving outwardly piston 42 is moving inwardly toward piston 35, thereby Acreatingv partial vacuum in chamber 65 causing valve @Sto be seated and close communication be-l tween chamber65 and pressure chamber 72.

CLI

.chamber 65.

During `the inava-r'd movei'nent ot piston 42- vaflve 60- is i-inseateed", thereby opening port opening G4 so that the Vfluid contained in chamber 5ft can pass through said port openn ings` into cylindrical chamber 65 aiter being Vpartially coin-pressed bv the oppositely mov- 'p-ressed fluid to pass from compression chamber 65 tlrrouoh sort oeenin(T 7l into aressure di l b ie s ro res o ie ai. en .i s;

chamber ,72.v andr 35. are arranged so that at the end of inward movement of piston 42 and outward movement olf piston 'the Vends o't the rcspective pistons are in vclose proximity so as tov eliminate dead space and effect a pereot discharge of the i'luid from the chamber 5l.

,eachV piston 42. as close as practical to` the apertured portions of valve 68l and thus force the fluid from compression chamber G5,

Valves 68 are `operated by pressures created in chambers and 72 and are also operated by movement oitl the respective pintons 42 Whose forward packing rings 5T rict-ionally engage the corresponding valves and cause them tomove in accordance with they movement ot the respective pistons. Thus valves 68 are positively positioned to control the passage ofthe compressed fluid from compression chambers 65 to pressure chambers 72. Valves 60 and 46 are retained on their respective pistons 42 and 35, by eXpansible rings 6l and 47, respectively. The thicknesses of theserings are'less than the depths of the respective grooves 62 and 48-so thatin order to remove said rings, suitable tools 77V are insertedthrough apertures 78 in the cylindrical Wall ol each` valve and the ring is pressed thereby inivardly into the groove otits respective piston and out, of engagement with the groove ot the valve7 whereupon said valve may be removed from the piston. The valves arepositive in their actions and noiseless in operation and as no springs are employed to operate said valves. the possibility of valves getting out of order is reduced to minimum.

Tlie'mechanism for actuating the pistons is not claimed in the present application as itforms the subject-matter 'of a separate `application led by me February 9, 1924,

Serial Number 691,566.

Similarly the outward stroke oft piston 42 1s gauged so as to bring the outer end of maaar@ l. A compressor comprising a cylinder,vv a? pair of telescopic pistons cooperatively Yarranged therein5 means for positively actuatw ing each of said' pistons, and cup valves enclosing the ends of said pistons and havingl lost motion connection therewith tor controlling the communication*between said pistons and the pressure chamber of said cylinder.

A compressor comprising a cylinder, a

pair ofopen ended ported telescopic pistons cooperatively arranged therein, means ,for actuating saidpistons, a cup valve forming a displaceableliead vtor the inner piston for controlling the communication Ybetween said pistons, and a cup valve forming ai displaceable head for they outer piston for controlling the communication betrveensaidf pistons and the cylinder. Y

3. A compressor coniiprising a cylinder, a pair .of telescopic ported pistons coopera` tively arranged therein7 means tor separately actuating said pistons, a lcup valve operatively mounted on and enclosing the outer end oiE the first piston, said cup valve being thereby reducing the .cost i of" provided in. its end Wallhwith port open; i

ings arranged in delinite relation with said piston for controlling the communication therebetween and the second piston, and a cup valve mounted onv and enclosing the valve being provided in its end Wall with port openings arranged 1n correlation with said piston for controlling the communica-V tion between said piston and the cylinder.

4. A compressor comprising a cylinder, a pair of telescopic pistons cooperatively arranged therein, means for individually actuating said pistons, a`r valve mounted Von thel endV of the inner piston orcontrolling the communication between said pistons, a valve mounted. on the end 'of the outer piston for n con trolling the communication therebetween kand said cylinder, and a pressure operated valve arranged in said cylinder Jorcontrolling tlio discharge end thereot.`

5. A compressor comprising a cylinder, 'a

pair of telescopic pistons*cooperatively arranged therein., the inner piston being Wholly disposed in the outer pistom. said piston be-V ing provided With loosely mounted Compression ends operable to control the communi- 'outer end of said second piston, said cup *1U cation between said pistons and the compres-- sion `chamber of the cylinder, and means for actuating said pistons. l

`6. Acompressor comprisinga cylinder,l aV pair of telescopic pistons cooperatively ai'- ranged therein and having open outer ends, and caps fitting` over and enclosing said ends vand having lost motion connection' therewith, there being suitable lport openings formed in the end walls of said caps, which when said caps are unseated permit passage of fluid from said pistons, and means tor simultaneously Vactuating said pistons.

w `7. A'compressor comprising a cylinder, a

pair of telescopic pistons cooperatively arrangedl therein, means-for positively actuatinV said vistons cu valves enclosing the 7 D compression Yends of said pistons for con; trolling the communication therebetween, Said valves liavingvoperatve lost motion engagement with said pistons, and a pressure operated valve arranged lin the compression chamber of the-cylinder for controlling the discharge of the fluid therefrom.

8. A compressor comprising a cylinder, al hollow open ended piston operating therein, a ported cup Vvalve .arranged exteriorly on 'and enclosingthe compression fiend of said piston, said valve having lost motion engagement with said piston and being operable 'thereby l'to control the Vcommunication betweensaidpiston and thepconipression chainber of vthe cylinder, said compression end of .said piston 'having reduced annulusfto receivethe'annular wall of said cup valve member flush with the peripheral facel ot said piston, and means-tor actuating said piston. v v 'l v e 9. A compressor comprising a cylinder, a

tubular piston operating therein and provided with a reduced compression end, a cup-shaped member arranged on and wholly enclosing the compressionend of said piston, said cup-shaped member being provided with an amiulus arranged exteriorly on said re duced compression end i'iush with thej peripheral Wall of said piston and having los motion connection with said piston and being provided in its end wall with port `openings which when said cup-shaped member is displaced permit the discharge of the fluid from said piston and which When-said cupshaped member occupies normal position are closedby the edge of the compression end, and means lfor actuating said piston.

10Q A compressor for domestic refrigerating machines comprising incombination a cylinder, a tubular piston operatingthere- 60' in andprovided with a reduced compression end, a cup valve arranged on the compression end of said piston and operable there-V by relative thereto for controlling the passage of fluid therethrough, said cu -shaped member being provided with annu ar. walls arranged exteriorly on said` reduced end flush with the peripheral wall of said piston,

an element :tor int'eiengagino1 said annular wall and said lpiston orforining -lost motion connection therebetween, andl Y means for actuating said piston.

11. A eoinpressorifi'or domestic refrigerat-` v ing machines comprising' in combinationV a cylinder, a hollow piston operating therein' and provided in its periphery with an. intake port Ycommunicating with the interior oi. said piston vhaving-av discharge opening in the compression end thereof, a displaceable cup valve mounted on'the compression end ot said piston for closing theinterior of said piston and'itori'ning'a compression head therefor, said valve having lost motion rela-` tive to said pistonand there beingapertu'res l Jformed in said valve which when said valve is displaced establish Vcommunication be,-`

.tween tlieMinteri'or-of saidpiston and the Vcompression chamberY of the cylinder and Vwhich when said'valve occupies normal-pd sition are closed by the end of said pistonV Y and shield the interiortliereot,'and` means li'or actuating said piston. f

12. in a compressor, the combination of a hollow reciprocating piston having an intake port in its peripheral walland an open yreduced end, -a slidable, cup valve eX- terioily arranged on said reducedend and' having openings inits endwall which are in ylongitudinal alinement withand are adapted lto be closed by the edge ofthev piston when .thevalveis seated and which form outlet ports tor said intake chamber when said valve is unseated', -said piston beingprovided with a reduced annulus for receiving the cylindrical portionjot1 said valve flush with the peripheral surface of f said piston. f p

13. In a compressor, the combination. of

a hollow reciprocating piston provided with l an open reduced end, a cup .valve slidably and eXteriorly arranged on the reduced end of said piston forming the compression lhead lost motion with respectto said piston whereby when said valveVr is unseated said port openings establish communication bea pairof cooperating telescopic pistons op-' ion Cil

iio or" said piston, said valve Vbeing provided in l, its end wall with port openings and having each cylinder, a pair ot cross heads one erating therein, means for actuating said pistons, cup valveson said pistons for controllingthe passage offluid therethrough, and Va pressure operated cup valve having its cylindrical portion extending into said cylinder and arrangedrliush with the inner face thereof, and movable outwardly, said cylindrical portion` being provided with a series of circumferentially disposed apertures which are closedr when the valve is seated and which when Vthe valve is unseated establish communication between said cylinder andthe pressure chamber.

16. A compressor comprising a vpair diainetricallyv disposed cylinders, a pair cooperatingl telescopic pistons arranged in of which has secured toit the inner end of the irst or smaller pistons andthe otherr one has 'secured to it thev inner ends of larger or secondary pistons, means for actuating said heads in opposite directions,

valves on said pistons for controlling thev passage of fluid therethrough, and a valve for controlling the discharge of fluid from the cylinders.

y 17. A compressor comprising a pair of diametrically disposed cylinders, a tubular piston operating inv each cylinder, a sliding cross head connected tosaid pistons, a telescopic piston operating inveach tubular piston, va sliding cross head connected to said telescopic pistons, means for actuating said cross heads in opposite'directions,f a cup valve in each cylinder and operable in correlation with the respective tubular piston, and cup valves mounted on said pistons iii lostniotion relativeftherewith and operable hy said pistons.

i8. In a deviceof the class described, the combination of a hollow piston having the compression end opena cup valve disposed exteiiorly on said open end and forming-a compression head therefor., said valve having its peripheral Wall slidably disposednon l the peripheral wall of said piston and yprovided in its end wall with apertures arA ranged in alinement with the annulusthereot', and means for iinterengaging saidcup` valve withl said -pistonto allow movement` of said cup `valve relative to said piston yfor opening and closingl said aperturesand con-y trol the communication betweenthe interior or the piston andthe cylinder in whichfit operates in correlation with the movement ot said piston. n j Y Y 4 19. ln acompressor for refrigerating apparatus, the combination of a cylinder, hollow pistonv operatively7 arranged thereinr` and having an open outer end, a cupv valvel JOHN ooniiiinv.;

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