US1620001A - Controlling means for machines - Google Patents

Description

March 8, 1927.

M. H. BALLARD CONTROLLING MEANS FOR MACHINES 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed NOV. 15. 1920 March 1927.

' 1,620,001 M. H. BALLARD CONTROLLiNG-MEANS FOR MACHINES Filed Nov. 15. 1920 4 She ts-Sheet 2 //v VE/V 777/1 March 8, 1927. 1,620,001.

M. H. BALLARD CONTROLLING MEANS FOR MACHINES Filed Nov. l5, 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 arch 7 M. H. BALLARD CONTROL-LYING MEANS FOR MACHINES Filed Nov. 15. 1920 law Patented Mar. 8, 1927,

UNHTED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

MILTON H. BALLARD, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, A$SIGNOR TO UNITED SHOE MA.-

GHINERY CORPORATION, OF PATERSON, NEVT JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW Serial No. 424,223.

JERSEY.

CONTROLLING MEANS FOR MACHINES.

Application filed November 15, 1920.

This invention relates to controlling means for machines and more particular iv to such means as will serve as safety devices in connection with starting and stopping mechanisms of machines.

In certain classes of machines it is of more than ordinary importance that accidental repetition of the actuation of work operating parts be prevented. Typical examples of machines in respect to which such repetition is especially undesirable, are furnished by beam presses of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 368,108, granted Aug. 9, 1887. on application of Henry Parsons, and designed for cutting leather or other materials, Such a machine comprises characteristically a cutting block and a relatively heavy beam which is moved toward the block during cutting operations to apply pressure by which dies, are forced through work resting on the block, after which the beams is raised to its uppermostposition of rest to permit of the proper manipulation of the Work and of the die preliminary to a succeeding cutting operation.

It will be. apparent that in a construction where a heavy beam or other driven part is raised to a high point at its position of rest that excessive overthrow of the driving shaft, that is rotation of the shaft very far at least beyond the point that marks the termination of normal rotation. would be likely to bring the beam down again in a repetition of the pressure applying operation, with the possibility of disaster to the work and to the operator. This undesirable overthrow may be the result of defective braking caused by excessive wear on the frictional surfaces of the cooperating brake part which are subject 'to severe strains in heavy machines; or because of the loosening or the fracture of the brake due to accidental overloading of the machine; or due to seizing of the shaft by the power pulley, caused commonly by deficiencies or defects in lubrication.

Another cause of such repetition is that, through carelessness of the operator or because of inadequate or defective operating parts, the starting devices remain in position to initiate a recurrence of the cycle of operations, when the driving means is overthrown, due to any of the causes above enumerated.

Still another common defect in machines having heavy driven members is that, during such times as the brake is inoperative, the members occasionally back down, accompanied by rotation of driving means in a direction reverse of normal, due to the failure of the driving mechanism to lift the members to the normal position of rest, thus resulting in an undesired and possibly dangerous actuation of the work operating parts.

In View of the foregoing, it is an object of this invention to provide mechanism especially simple and durable in construction and efficient in operation for controlling the power means in machines, and for preventing disadvantageous or dangerous operation of the driven parts. It is to be understood, however, that-Vin its various aspects the 'in vention is not limited to embodiment in a beam press of the type referred to.

In one aspect the invention resides in improved means for preventing operation of the starting devices of a machine when a driving element has failed to stop at the proper point in the preceding cycle of operations. Conveniently, the means comprises a latch mounted to rotate with the driving element and operative in any such case to lock the starting means against manual operation.

In another aspect the invention contemplates improved means for positively looking the driving means against rotation beyond a predetermined, amount over normal rotation, thus preventing a repetition of the cycle of operations of the machine. In the illustrative construction, the said means comprises a relatively heavy lock mounted on a firm, stationary support and operative to prevent rotation of the shaft beyond a predetermined point.

- Heretofore in those cases in which the pulleyhas seized the shaft, it has required considerable Work by an expert mechanic in order to condition the machine for operation, and an important object of this invention is to provide a construction by whlch the ordinary workman can readily make repairs when the connections between the pulley and the shaft have become damaged through lack of care or because of defective lubrication. In the illustrative construction an improved bearing is provided for the pulley comprising preferably two concentric sleeves or hearings. the inner of which is releasably attached to the shaft and the outer to the pulley by a frangible pin or stud.

The invention contemplates also an improved means for preventing reverse rotation of the driving means which drives the work operating parts of the machine. As indicated in the foregoing discussion such a means is especially applicable to machines which comprise heavy driven parts. In the illustrative construction the shaft of such a machine is provided with a segmental rack fixedly secured thereto and adapted to be engagedby a pawl controllable by a clutch or friction ring on said shaft. the construction and arrangement being such that the pawl which is secured to a firm. stationary support will engage with the rack should the shaft start to rotate in a direction reverse from the normal and lock said shaft positively against movement in said direction. thus preventing the beam from backing downwardly.

As a further means for ensuring proper operation of the starting and stopping mechanisms. the prime starting member is returned to operative position in a positive manner to effect the withdrawal of a clutch controlling or operating member at the termination of a predetermined number of revolutions of the power pulley. In the illustrated construction. the prime starting member also controls the setting of the brake whereby proper operation of the latter is member. which fits inside of the pulley, and

associated parts;

Fin. 5 1s a view in side elevation of the illustrated mechanism of Fig. 1:

Fig. 8 is a view in side elevation of the mechanism shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a detail of the brake operating means.

In the illustrative mechanism a power pulley 10' is mounted for free rotation on the shaft 12, there being interposed between the pulley and shaft two concentric bushings 14 and 16 respectively (Fig. of which the inner bushing 16 is releasably connected to the shaft 12 preferably by means which will be hereinafter described. As shown, the bushing 16 is provided with perforations 18 which act as reservoirs for a lubricant, passageways extending from the pockets 18 to grooves 19 in the outer surface of the hearing 14 to which the lubricant is carried through the operation, in part at least, of

centrifugal force. thus ensuring that with ordinary care the surfaces between the pulley, the bushings and the shaft will be well lubricated so that the pulley will turn without friction under normalconditions. The bushing 16 is provided with a flange 22 preferably integral therewith and having a socket at the outer end of the passage 24. (Fig. 3) adapted to receive the conical end of the plunger 26 mounted slidably in the clutch block 28 which is lined to the shaft 12. By this means the bushing 16 is releasably connected to the shaft to move therewith under ordinary conditions. Normally the pulley turns on the outer surface of hushing 16 and, if for any reason friction should develop between the outer bearing surface of bushing 16 and the inner contacting surface of the bushing 1% so that said bushings ad here to each other, the plunger 26 will be retracted. releasing the bushing 16 from the clutch block, then the pulley 10, together with the bushings 14 and 16 will turn, through a small are, on the bearing surface provided by the shaftitself until the bush ing 16 is locked against movement by a hook 21 secured to the flange 22 of the bushing. as will be hereinafter described. Should this condition go unnoticed by the operator of the machine. friction may develop to such an extent that the bearing surfaces between bushings 1 1 and 16 will adhere to each other or, in other words. the pulley with its bushing 1% to which it is secured by a frangible pin 20, will seize the bushing 16 and in such case provision is made for the release of the pulley from the outer bushing 14 through the shearing of the pin 20, thus permitting the pulley to turn on another surface. namely that between the pull ev and the outer surface of the bushing 14. It will be clear from the description of the pulley and its concentric hearings that there is provided a construction which is well adapted to meet a most unusual set of conditions all tending to damage or completely destroy the operative connection between the pulley and the bearing 14.

the shaft. It will be understood that normally the pulley rotates freely on the outer surface of the bearing 16. Should conditions'arise making this mode of operation impossible, the pulley will next turn with its bearing directly onthe exterior surface of Long before this occurs, the condition of the machine should be discovered by the operator who may then readily replace the worn or damaged parts.

For holding the pulley with its attached bushing 14 in proper position on the shaft 12, that is, in coutact with the clutch member 28, there is provided a nut 32 screwed on the shaft 12 and having interposed between itself and the pulley a fiber and a metal washer 34 and 36 respectively.

As before stated, the pulley is mounted to rotate loosely with respect to the shaft 12,

means in the form of clutch mechanism being provided for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft so that the rotary motion of the pulley is communicated to the latter. In the construction shown, the clutch is pref crably, although not necessarily, of the one revolution non-repeating type shown in the Patent No. 1,011,903. granted December 19, 1911, on an application filed by Arthur Bates. Located in a circular chamber in the pulley 10 is an annular clutch member or split ring 38, the two lower ends of the splitportions being united by a dowel pin 40 (Fig 1) while the upper ends of the ring portions are spaced to accommodate a clutch ring e1:- panding device comprising a toggle mechanism shown in detail in Figs. 1 and 4. For supporting the ends of the toggle link members 42. there is provided in each of the spaced ends of the split ring 88 a block 44 having a seat or cup to receive the end of the toggle link, the other end of which is received in a corresponding seat or cup in a block 46 which is freely slidable to a limited extent in a plunger 48 which is supported in the clutch member 28 for endwise sliding movement and which has its free end projecting into the space between the split ring members 38. As shown. the plunger 48 has a chamber extending approximately half of its length for housing a spring 50. one end of which rests against a plate 52 fixed to the clutch member 28 and whiclris operative to urge the plunger in a direction to straighten the toggle link members 42 and thus apply the annular clutch member 88 to the inside of the pulley 10 in a clutching operation. For retracting; the plunger 48 the latter is provided with an extension 54 having a shoutder adapted to be engaged by a wedge member 56 carried by the lever 58 pivoted at ($0 on a fixed support such as a circular plate (52 which is fixedly bolted by bolts 64 to the frame 66 (Fig. 5) ofthe machine. It will be understood that the wedge member or cam 56'engages the projection 54 on the plunger 48 and positively retracts the plunger to break the toggle and thus release the clutch ring 38 from the pulley 10. It should be stated that the clutch ring 38 is operatively connected to the clutch member 28 through a rigid arm 68 extending from the latter and which is located in a pocket formed between the lower ends of the split ring members 88, the construction and arrangement being such that the clutch ring 38 is retained positively in a fixed relation with respect to the clutch member 28 which, as before stated, is keyed to the shaft 12. Hence when through the operation of the plunger 48, the clutch ring 38 is frictionally engaged with the inner surface of the pulley 10, the said pulley is clutched to turn with the clutch member 28 and with the shaft 12. While the spring 50 can be depended upon to exert force suflicient to straighten the toggle because adjustment of the toggle mechanism is provided for to that end as will be hereinafter described, it is desirable to provide positive means for moving the plunger in the direction to straighten the toggle mechanism and, in the construction shown, a stationary cam 70 is provided on a stationary support such as the fixed plate 62 for contacting with the end face of the projection 54 on the plunger 48 and operative to ensure the movement of the plunger toward the right in Figure 8. It will be understood that the lever 58 is connected by link 71 to manually operable means as will be hereinafter described by which the wedge or cam 56 on the end of the lever 58 is lifted out of engagement with the projection 54 on the plunger 48 so that the spring 50 is permitted to move the plunger in a direction to apply the clutch ring by straightening of the toggle links 42. After the wedge has thus been lifted out of contact with the projection 54 on the plunger 48, it is allowed to drop back again in prior constructions so as to be in position to retract the plunger 48 at the end of one revolution of the shaft. In the present construction, however, the lever 58 is provided with a block 7 2 on the side thereof and opposite the wedge or cam 56 in a position to be engaged by a cam surface on the inner surface of a flange 74 on the fixed clutch block 28, the cam surface operating positively to draw the operative end of the lever 58 into position to retract the plunger 48 at the end of one revolution of the shaft. It will be understood that while the cam flange 74 positively returns the lever 58 to operative position, it does not maintain it in such position to the end of the revolution, the spring 179, hereinafter described, being depended upon to accomplish this result. Thus when the parts come to rest, the cam flange 74 is spaced from the block 7 2 a distance sulficient to permit the lever 58 to be lifted to free the plunger 48 to start the machine in operation. Upon retraction of the plunger, the clutch ring members 38 more out of contact with most of the clutch surface on the pulley, this movement being due largelyto the action of spring T5.

Referring to the adjustment for the toggle comprising toggle links 42, it will be observed that the block 46 is in fact. made up of two parts separated by a wedge 7 8 adapted to be adjusted by a set screw 80 which may be screwed down to engage the head of the wedge and force it to the right in Figure 4,, thereby making the toggle structure substantially longer whereby greater pressure is applied to the ends of the split ring clutch 38 upon straightening the toggle. This adjustment of the toggle should be such that the spring can just straighten the toggle when the spring is released for ac-' tion. For moving the wedge 78 in the opposite direction there is provided a washer 82 which is constantly pressed against the point of the wedge by a spring 84 in a socket in the plunger 48, the arrangement being such that the spring-pressed washer assists in adjusting the wedge 78. In passing it may be noted that the end of the plunger 48 is split laterall as at 86 and a set screw 88 passed therethrough to draw the spaced end of the plunger toward the body portion thereof and thus clamp the set screw 80 in its adjusted position. The great advantage of a toggle mechanism in the relation described resides in the fact that as thespring lessens in expansive force progressively with its expansion the toggle becomes progressively more effective and compensates for the loss of power in the spring so that a. spring and toggle mechanism is more eifective than a spring and screw mechanism like that shown in certain prior constructions.

In connection with the clutch block 28 which is keyed to the shaft 12 there is provided a braking means which is preferably in the form of a brake band 90 which embraces the circular surface of the block 28 and has one of its ends fixedly secured to a stationary support such as ring plate 62 by means of a bolt 92 mounted in said plate. In order that this end of the brake band may be held adjustably, it is attached to the said bolt indirectly through a yoke member 94 carrying a bar 96 around which the end of the brake band is lapped and secured. the said yoke being further provided with a screw threaded member 08 which has its end engaged rotatably in a circumferential groove in the said bolt so that, upon turning the member 08, the yoke is moved transversely of the bolt 06, thus tightening or loosening the brake band. lr'leans is provided. for holding the other end of the brake band in such manner that the band may be loosened or tightened upon the brake surface of the block 28 at predetermined times properly related to the time of setting or releasing the clutch. In a preferred construction this latter means comprises a lever 100 (Fig. 1) pivoted upon a bolt 102 mounted in a bearing 104 extending from the stationary ring member 62. Carried by a laterally oil'- set end of the lever 100 is a roll 106 held constantly in contact with a cam surface 108 on the block 28 by means of a spring 110, the construction being such that the lever 100 is operated to tighten the band 90 and thus apply the brake at the time the clutch is released from the pulley 10, the object being to stop the shaft definitely at the end of one revolution of the latter. Carried on the bolt 102 is a bifurcated member 112 which has a forked portion to straddle the lever 100 and another forked portion to support a pin 114 to which the end of the brake band 90 is directly connected. Another arm of the member 112 is bifurcated and carries a pin 116 upon which is pivoted one end of each of toggle link members 118, other link members 120 of the toggle being pivoted to the lever 100. At the elbow 122 of the toggle there is pivoted a link 124 having its other end pivotally attached at 126 to an arm 128 fixed to a sleeve or casting 129 rotatable on a stationary rod or shaft 130. This same sleeve or casting 129 carries fixedly another arm 132 to the outer end of which is pivoted a rod 134 adapted to be connected at its lower end to a treadle or other manually operable means under the control of the operator. The arrangement of this part of the brake mechanism is such that upon operating the treadle, the rod 134 is pulled downwardly, thus forcing the link 124 to the left in Figure 1 breaking the toggle and turning member 112 on its pivot to loosen the brake band 90. Since this downward movement of the rod 134 is accomplished by the same movement of the treadle which initiates the clutching of the pulley to the shaft, it is clear that the brake band is loosened prior to the rotation of the shaft and hence the machine starts without the drag of the brake. Very shortly after the beginning of the rotation of the shaft the roll 106 on lever 100 drops from the high part 109 of the cam 108. thus further loosening the brake band. On the other hand, when the treadle rod 134 is released the toggle. comprised of links 118 and 120, is immediately straightened through reverse rotation of the sleeve 129 by the power operated lever 58 and connecting link 71. Hence the brake band 90 is applied in full force when the roll 106 rides up on the high part of the cam 108 which occurs practically simultaneously with the retraction of the plunger 48 and the release of the clutch ring 38 from the pulley 10.

In order that the rod 134 may be released from the treadle early in the rotation of the shaft to permit of the return of the starting lever 58 to operative position and of the straightening of the brake band toggle 118 and 120 (which effects the conditioning of the brake band for immediate application as above described), and for other reasons which will be hereinafter set forth, a detachable connection is provided between said rod and the treadle which, in the illustrative construction (Figs. 2 and 6), comprises an arm 1410 fixedly secured to the treadle shaft 142 and having a bifurcated end 14 1 which embraces the lower end of the rod 134 which is held within the forked extremity through the operation of the spring 146 having its ends attached respectively to the rod and the arm 140. Secured to the rod 134 at a point below the arm 140 is an adjustable stop 1 18 having a slanting surface and a shoulder at its upper end, both for cooperation with a latch 150 pivoted at 152 upon the arm 141-0 and held away from the arm in normal operative position by means of a spring 154 located in aligned sockets in the arm and in the latch respectively. For disengaging the rod 134; from the latch 150 against which it is held by spring 146 there is provided means which is preferably automatically operative for the purpose, thus ensuring that the treadle rod 1.34 will be released at the proper time whether the operator keeps the treadle depressed or not. Hence the mechanism is fool proof in this as in other respects as will be hereinafter pointed out. In the illustrative mechanism, the lever 158 (Fig. 1) pivoted at 160 upon the stationary plate 62 is arranged to have its upper end contacted by the higher part 109 of the cam 108 on the block 28 by which it is forced outwardly, thus causing the lower end of the lever to move to the left in Fig. 1, to swing the rod 13 1 in the same direction, that is outwardly away from the latch 150 in Fig. 2 and to release the rod from said latch and from the arm 140 on the treadle shaft. At the end of a cycle of operations or when the treadle has been released by the operator the arm 14-0 swings upwardly, thus carrying the latch 150 over the slanting surface of the stop 14-78 and into engagement with the shoulder at the upper end of said stop, thus re-establishing operative connections between the treadle and the treadle rod 134. For the purpose of limiting the movement of the treadle there is provided an arm 153 conveniently integral with the arm 14-0 and fixedly secured to the treadle rod 1 1-2. Mounted in the free end of the arm 153 are two adjustable members 155 adapted to contact with portions of the machine frame to set limits to the swinging movement of the treadle which is nor mally held yieldingly at its upper limit by means of a spring, not shown, in cooperation with the lower of the two members 155. It will be clear from an inspection of Figs. 2

and 6 that the upper member 155 restricts the downward movement of the treadle. As soon as the treadle is released by the operator it is moved to its upper limit of rest so that the latch 150 may re-engage over the stop member 1 18 on the rod 134, thus connecting the treadle to the starting mechanism of the machine.

In the illustrative construction, the means for checking or rather absolutely locking the snaft against rotating beyond a predetermined point comprises a latch or looking member 16 1 fixedly attached to the sleeve or casting 129 rotatable on the rod or shaft 130 and having its upper end arranged normally for co-operation with a shoulder 166 orabutment' on the block 28. It will be observed that the rod or shaft 130 is mounted fixedly in a strong stationary support such as the stationary ring plate 62 which, in turn, is fixedly bolted to the frame 66 of the machine and that if considerable pressure comes upon the said lock it is firmly resisted since the sleeve or casting 129 upon which the lock is,

mounted, is backed up by a bracket or extension 168 (Fig. 5) extending beyond the plate 62. it will be understood that the lock 16 1- since it is fastened to the casting 129 is withdrawn from operative position at the same time that the clutch is thrownin and the brake released through the rotation of the casting by the treadle rod 134 and further that the lock 164 returns to operative position practically simultaneously with the application of the brake band and hence if the brake should slip or break and the shaft for that or for any other reason should overthrow, the lock would be in place to prevent excess overthrow of the shaft and absolutely lock it against such rotationas would cause operation of the machine in which the present mechanism is embodied. As before stated, means is provided for locking the starting mechanism against operation if the shaft has overthrown to a predetermined extent in the preceding operation of the ma chine, due to seizure of the shaft by the pulley or to slipping or breaking of the brake. In the illustrative construction this means comprises a finger 170 also fastened to the casting or sleeve 129 and having its upper end in position to be engaged by the hook 21 carried by the bushing 16 attached to the sl'iaft 12. It will be clear from reference to 1 and 5, that with the hook-21 engaged over the upper end of the finger 170, it will be impossible for the operator to depress the treadle rod 134 to startthe machine. In this way the operator is given warningthat some thing is wrong with the machine and which should receive attention before proceeding with further operations.

It should be noted that the lock 164: and the finger 170 are positively returned to ing positively controlled since the lever 58 is returned through unyielding means to its operative position, the said means comprising the block 72 and the cam surface on the flange 7 4 as set forth in the foregoing description. To insure as far as possible that the lock and finger will be returned promptly to operative position at the proper time, even should the lever 58 be broken,

there is provided a spring 179 having one of its ends fastened to the casting or sleeve 129 and its other end to a stationary part in such manner as to tend constantly to rotate the sleeve in the proper direction. Should the starting lever or treadle be locked against operation, the operator can readily determine the cause by inspecting the mechanism and particularly the relative positions of the lock 164 and the shoulder 166 designed to co-operate therewith under certain conditions. If, for instance, the shoulder 166 is in contact with the upper end of the lock 16% then the brake'band has slipped or failed to operate for this or for some other reason such as breakage of the band or of its support. In abnormal conditions due to failure of the brake band to function normally the shaft 12 overthrows and both wvith the end of the lock 16% then the condition is one in which the pulley with its attached bushing 1e has seized upon the bushing 16 and carried it along until the hook 21 carried by the last mentioned bushing engages with the finger 170. As stated, when this occurs the starting means to which the finger 170 is connected'is prevent-ed from being operated, the operator finds it impossible to depress the treadle to start the machine. Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, it will be clear that with the hook 21 engaged over the upper end of the finger 17 0 the sleeve 129, which fixedly carries the finger, cannot be rotated and hence the rod 134, which is connected thereto, cannot be moved downwardly, and thus the treadle is held against the'pressure of the operators foot. It will be clear, therefore, that the construction and arrangement of the bushings 14 and 16 is such as to cooperate with the starting means in warning the operator of a deficiency or defect in the lubrication of the bearings for the bushings and for the pulley. The first result of insufiicient lubrication manifests itself by the locking of the finger 170 of the starting means agalnst actuation, due to the engagement of the hook 21 with the upper end of the said finger. It will be understood that with this locking of the finger 170 there takes place simultaneously the locking of the bearing 16 against rotation, since the hook 21 is securely fastened to the flange 22 of the bearing 16. In this abnormal condition of affairs the pulley 10 might rotate for a time on bushing 16 until the friction on the bearing surface of bushing 16 became too great, and then it would rotate on the outer surface of the bearing 1%, this being I rendered possible through the shearing off of the pin 20. l/Vhen the operatorfinds it impossible to start his machine, an investigation should disclose the cause, which can be corrected without calling in a skilled mechanic. All that it is necessary to do is to remove the pulley, introduce the proper amount of lubricant and return the pulley to position with the pin 26 engaged in the socket in the'fiange 22 of the inner bushing. Other causes of overthrow of the shaft can usually be corrected by proper attention to the brake band or to the adjusting means therefor,

As stated in the foregoing discussion it is possible for the shaft to rotate in a direction reverse to'normal under the weight of eX- ceptionally heavy work operating parts, such as a beam in a beam dinking machine. In the illustrative construction means is provided for preventing such reverse. rotation of the shaft, the said means as shown comprising a segmental rack 180 fixedly secured to the shaft 12 which is conveniently the same shaft that carries the power pulley and the clutch mechanism. For co-operating with the rack 180 there is provided a pawl 182 mounted upon or integral with a bar 184 which has its lower end pivotally secured to the frame of the machine or to the floor or to any other stationary support. Normally the pawl is held out of engagement with the teeth of the rack 180 and is moved into such engagement by means controlled by the shaft 12. Such means in the illustrative construction comprises a friction clutch 186 which in its simplest form is a ring mounted in a circular block 188 fastened to the shaft 12 and consisting of split portions or halves indicated at 190 which permit ofthe ring being introduced into its seat or groove in the block 188 in pieces which are then secured together through the manipulation of the screw members 192. The adjustment of the ring 186 is secured by friction blocks 193 of wood or any other suitable material mounted in the plate 195 of the block 188 and pressed by individual springs into contact with the ring 186 so as to carry the ring along with the shaft in its rotation in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 7 and to permit of the checking of the movement of the ring through the link connection 194 with the bar 184, the construction and arrangement being such that the bar 184 is carried to the right in said figure removing the pawl tooth 182 from engagement with the segmental rack, it being understood that outward movement of the bar 184 away from the segment is limited by a stop such as a bar or rod 196. On the other hand, rotation of the shaft 12 in a direction reverse to that indicated by the arrow in Fig. 7 will promptly draw the bar 184 toward the segment rack 180 through the connecting link 194, the ring 186 to which the link is connected being held sufficiently tight in its seat by blocks 193 in the block 188 to cause such operation of the bar 184. It will be clear that movement of the bar 184 to the left in Fig. 7 causes the engagement of the pawl with one of the teeth of the segmental rack and instantly locks the shaft against further reverse rotation. Mounted upon the shaft 12 or upon the block 188 in fixed relation thereto is a toothed wheel 200 which may be en aged by any ordinary form of bar as a lever to turn the shaft 12 by hand in case such an operation becomes either necessary or desirable.

The normal operation of the above-described mechanism is as follows :The treadle shaft 142 is rotated, causing the arm 140 with the rod 134 to move downwardly, turning the casting 129 in a clockwise direction, and thereby moving the locking members 164 and 170 into inoperative position. The link 124 breaks the toggle 122 to loosen the brake band 90, and the link 71 operates to move the lever 58 outwardly, releasing plunger 48 which straightens the toggle members 42, thus connecting the clutch block 28 and shaft 12 with the rotating pulley 10 by means of the split ring 38. Shortly after the beginning of rotation of the shaft 12, the roll 106 drops from the high part 109 of the cam 108, further loosening the brake band. The cam then causes the lever 158 to move the rod 134 to the left, disengaging the same from the latch 150 and arm 140, permitting the return of locking element 164 and 170 and the toggle 118, 120 to operative position. This return is initiated by the lever 58 when it is moved inwardly upon engagement with the cam on the inner surface of flange 74 of the clutch block. At the end of one revoltion of the shaft the lever operates to cause a retraction of the plunger 48 to disengage the clutch from the pulley, and the roll .106 reaches the high part of the cam 108 to effect the application of the full force of the brake. The arm 140, when released by the operator, is returned by a spring to its initial operative position.

The operation of the parts of the mechanism under abnormal conditions has a ready been pointed out and requires no further explanation.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is 2- 1. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a power pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means for controlling the clutch, a brake operative normally to prevent further rotation of the shaft after the disconnection of the pulley from the shaft, means operating to lock the shaft against rotation whenever the brake becomes inoperative, said locking means normally moving to inoperative position when the clutch is rendered operative, and a single means for returning the starting means and the locking means to operative position.

2. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a power pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft comprising a member keyed to the shaft, a

starting lever for controlling the clutch, a brake operative normally to prevent further rotation of the shaft after the disconnection of the pulley from the shaft, and a locking member arranged to co-operate with the member keyed to the shaft to prevent rotation of the shaft in case the brake should become inoperative, said locking member normally moving to inoperative position when the clutch is rendered operative, and interconnected means normally operative for returning the starting lever and locking member to operative position.

3. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a power pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pullev to the shaft comprising a member keyed to the shaft and having a shoulder, a starting lever for controlling the clutch, a brake operative normally to prevent further rotation of the shaft after the disconnect-ion of the pulley from the shaft, and a locking pawl for cooperation with the shoulder on said keyed member for locking the haft against excess rotation should the brake become inoperative, said locking pawl normally moving to inoperative position when the clutch is rendered operative, and cam means for positively moving both the starting lever and the locking pawl to operative position.

4. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a power pulley, clutch means for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft comprising a member keyed to the shaft and having a shoulder, a brake opera tive normally to prevent further rotation of the shaft after the disconnection of the pulley from the shaft, a locking pawl for cooperation with the shoulder on said keyed member for locking the shaft against excess vent further rotation of the shaft after the disconnection of the pulley from the shaft. a locking means for preventing excess rotation of the shaft in case the brake should become inoperative, and connections from the starting means to the locking means for ensuring the return of the locking means to operative position.

6. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a. power pulley, clutch mechanism for operatively connecting the nulley to the shaft, a brake band operative normally to stop the rotation of the shaft after disconnect-ion of the clutch, starting means for controlling said clutch, and means for locking the starting means against actuation in case of excessive overthrow of the shaft.

7. In a mechanism of the character de scribed, a shaft, a power pulley, clutch mechanism for 'operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake operative normally to stop the rotation of the shaft after disconnection of the clutch, starting means for controlling said clutch, and means for locking the starting means against actuation in case the brake should become inoperative.

8. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a power pulley, clutch mechanism for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake operative normally to stop the rotation of the shaft after disconnection of the clutch, starting mechanism for controlling said clutch, and means movable with the shaft for locking the starting mechanism against operation in case of excessive overthrow of the shaft.

9. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a power pulley, clutch mechanism for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake operative normally to stop the rotation of the shaft after disconnection of the clutch, manually operable starting mechanism for controlling said clutch comprising a projecting portion provided with a shoulder, and a hook member mounted on the shaft and operative to engage over said shoulder to prevent actuation of the starting means in case of Xcess movement of the shaft to a predetermined e: tent.

10. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley tothe shaft, starting mechanism for initiating the operation of the clutch and for releasing the clutch from the pulley, positively operated means for ensuring engagement of the clutch with the pulley, and positively operated means for ensuring return of the starting means to clutch releasing position.

11. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, locking means for preventing overthrow of the shaft and starting means for controlling the clutch both of said means being connected to a manually operable member, means operative to release the starting means and the looking means from the control of said manually operable member at a predetermined point in the rotation of the shaft, and positively operatedmeans for returning both the starting means and the locking means to operative position.

12. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means for initiating operation of the clutch and for releasing the clutch from operative connection with the pulley comprising a member which is positively moved to clutch releasing position. said starting means comprising a manually operable member, and means automatically operative to disconnect the manually operable member from said positively moved member.

13. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a bushing releasably attached to the shaft, a power pulley rotatable on the bushing, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, and means for locking the shaft against excess rotation in case the pulley should seize the bushing.

14. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a bushing on the shaft, a power pulley rotatable on the bushing, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means for controlling the operation of the clutch, and means for looking the starting means against manual operation in case the shaft should be carried beyond a predetermined point in its rotation by the pulley seizing the bushing.

15. In a mechanism, of the class described, a shaft, a bushing releasably attached to the shaft, a pulley mounted for rotation on said bushing and having a second bushing interposed between the pulley and the first mentioned bushing, and means for releasably connecting the pulley to the second mentioned bushing.

16. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a bushing on the shaft, a pulley mounted for rotation on said bushing and having a second bushing interposed between the pulley and the first mentioned bushing, and a pin, adapted to be sheared by excess pressure, for connecting the pulley to the second mentioned bushing.

17. In a mechanism of the class described,

a shaft, a pulley, a clutch device for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means for initiating operation of the clutch and for releasing the clutch from operative connection with the pulley, means for positively moving the clutch into engagement with the pulley, and means for positively operating. the starting means to clutch releasing position.

18. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch device for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means comprising a member for initiating operation of the clutch and for releasing the clutch from the pulley, means for causing engagement of the clutch with the pulley when the starting means initiates a clutch engaging operation, positively operated means for ensuring the engagement of clutch and pulley, and means for positively moving the said member to clutch releasing posit-ion.

19. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch device for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means comprising a member for initiating operation of the clutch and for releasing the clutch from the pulley, a spring-operated member for causing engagement of the clutch'with the pulley upon operation of the starting means, a cam for ensuring positive actuation of the clutch, and a cam member automatically operative to move the starting member to clutch releasing position.

20. In a mechanism of the class described,

7 a shaft, a pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, start ing means for controlling the operation of the clutch, a brake band normally operative to stop the shaft when the pulley has been disconnected therefrom, manually operable and power operated means operating in succession to release the brake at the beginning of rotation of the shaft, and means automatically operative for taking up the slack in the brake band produced by the manually operated means and subsequeptly applying the full force of the ra re.

21. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a power pulley, clutching means operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake operative normally to prevent further rotation of the shaft after the disconnection of the pulley from the shaft, and means comprising a segmental rack secured fixedly. to the shaft and a lock-co-opcrating therewith for preventing rotation of the shaft in the reverse direction after the unclutching of the pulley from the shaft.

2% In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a power pulley, clutching means operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake operative normally to prevent further rotation of the shaft after the disconnection of the pulley from the shaft, segmental rack secured to the shaft, a pawl for engagement with the rack to lock it and the, shaft against movement in the reverse direction, and a friction plate connected to the pawl for moving it to operative and to inoperative positions.

23. In a mechanism of the character de* scribed, a shaft, a power'pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake for the shaft, means for releasing the brake prior to the clutching of the pulley to the shaft, means for further loosening the brake as the shaft starts to rotate and for applying the brake at the proper time, and automatically operable means for conditioning the brake relatively early in the cycle so that the full braking action of the brake may be applied at the termination of the cycle at the instant the pulley is unclutched from the shaft.

24. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a power pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake band for the shaft, means under the control of the operator for releasing the brake band prior to the clutching of the pulley to the shaft, power operated means for further loosening the brake band as the shaft starts to rotate andfor apply ing the brake at the proper time, and positively operated means for taking up part of the slack in the brake band relatively early in the cycle so that the full braking action of the brake band may be applied at the termination of the cycle at the instant the pulley is unclutched from the shaft.

25. Ina mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch for opera tively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake for the shaft, manually operable means for releasing the brake prior to the clutching of the pulley to the shaft, power means for releasing the brake, cam operated means fonrestoring the brake to the same extent that it was released through the operation of said manually operable means, and means for applying the brake in full force at the instant the pulley is. unclutched from the shaft.

26. In a mechanism ofthe character described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake for the shaft, manually operable means comprising a toggle arranged to be broken for releasing the brake prior to the clutching of the pulley to the shaft, power means, operable subsequently to the said manually operable means, for releasing the brake, means operable subsequently to said.

power means for straightening the toggle for restoring the brake t0 the same extent that it was released through the operation of said manually operable. means, and means for applying the brake in full force at the instant the pulley is unclutched from the shaft.

27. In a mechanism of the character described, ashaft, a pulley, a clutch, starting means comprising a positively controlled member for controlling the connection of the pulley to the shaft, a brake normally operative to stop the shaft when the pulley is unclutched therefrom, and a lock arranged to be returned positively to operative position by said member for preventing overthrow of the shaft beyond a predetermined point.

28. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch, starting means comprising a positively controller member for controlling the connection of the pulley to the shaft, a brake normally operative to stop the shaft when the pulley is unclutched therefrom, and a lock arranged to be returned positively to operative position by said member for preventing overthrow of the shaft beyond a predetermined point, said starting means operating also to withdraw the lock from operative position so as to permit normal rotation of the shaft.

29. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch, starting means comprising a positively controlled member, for operatively connecting the pulley to and disconnecting it from the shaft, a brake normally operative to stop the shaft when the pulley is unclutched therefrom, a lock arranged to be returned positively to operative position by said member for preventing overthrow of the shaft beyond a predetermined point, and spring means also operative to move the lock to operative position.

30. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch, starting means comprising a positively controlled member for operatively connecting the pulley to and disconnecting it from the shaft, a brake normally operative to stop the shaft when the pulley is unclutched therefrom, and a finger arranged to be positively returned to operative position by said member for locking the starting means against operation.

31. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft comprising a split ring, and means for operating the ring to engage and to release said pulley comprising a toggle between the ends of the splitring, a spring-operated member for straightening the toggle to apply the ring to the pulley, and a cam for ensuring the straightening of the toggle.

32. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a pulley, a clutch starting means comprising a positively controlled member for operatively connecting the pulley to and disconnecting it from the shaft,

a brake normally operative to stop the shaft when the pulley is unolutched therefrom, and connections between the positively controlled member and the brake for operating the latter in properly timed relation to the disconnection of the clutch.

33. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a bushing on the shaft, a power pul ley rotatable on the bushing, a clutch for operatively connectinpthe pulley to the shaft, starting means for controlling the operation of the clutch, and means for locking the starting means against manual operation in case the pulley should seize the bushing and carry it to a predetermined position.

34-. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a bushing releasably attached to the shaft to move therewith under normal conditions, a pulley mounted for rotation on the bushing, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means for controlling the operation of the clutch, and means for locking the starting means against operation in case the pulley seizes upon and moves the said bushing relatively to the shaft.

85. In a mechanism of the class described,

a shaft, a bushing on the shaft, means for releasably connecting the bushing to the shaft, a power pulley rotatable on the bushing, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley tothe shaft, starting means for controlling the operation of the clutch, and means carried by the bushing for locking the starting means against manual operation in case the pulley should seize the bushing and carry it along to a predetermined position.

36. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a bushing on the shaft, means for releasably connecting the bushing to the shaft, a power pulley rotatable on the bush ing, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means for controlling the operation of the clutch, and a hook carried by the bushing for locking the starting means against manual operation in casethe pulley carries the bushing along with it due to friction between the pulley and bushing.

37. In a mechanism of the class described,

a shaft, a bushing on the shaft, a spring pressed plunger for releasably attaching the bushing tov the shaft, a hook fixedly carried by the bushing, a power pulley rotatable on the bushing, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means for controlling the operation of the clutch, and a member associated with the starting means and located in the path of movement of the hook on the bushing, the construction and arrangement being such that movement of the bushing to a predetermined extent relatively to the shaft will cause engagement of the hook with the start- 1 means for releasably connecting the second bushing to the power pulley, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, starting means for controlling the operation of the clutch, and a member associated with the starting means and located in the path of movement of the hook on the bushing, the construction and arrangement being such that movement of the first mentioned bushing to a predetermined extent relatively to the shaft will cause engagement of the hook with the starting member, thereby preventing operation of the starting means by the operator and preventing also further rotation of the first-mentioned bushing whereupon the connection between the pulley and the second-mentioned bushing may be broken to permit the pulley to turn on the latter bushing.

39. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a power pulley, clutch mechanism for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, startingmeans for controlling.

the clutch, and means for preventing efiective operation of the starting means in case the shaft overthrows to a predetermined extent.

40. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a power pulley, clutch mech anism for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake operative normally to stop the rotation of the shaft after disconnection of the clutch, starting means for controlling the clutch, and means for preventing effective action of the starting means in case the shaft overthrows to a predetermined extent due to improper operation of the brake or clutch or both of these elements.

41. In a mechanism of the class described, a shaft, a power pulley loosely mounted on the shaft, clutch means for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft comprising a member keyed to the shaft and having a shoulder, a brake operative normally to prevent further rotation of the shaft after the disconnection of the pulley from the shaft, a locking pawl for co-operation with the shoulder on said keyed member for locking the shaft against excess rotation should the brake become inoperative, and means for positively returning the locking pawl to operative position before the end of the rotative movement of the shaft.

42. Ina mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a pulley loosely mounted on the shaft, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft comprising a split ring, means for operating the ring to ing a toggle between the ends of the split ring, a spring operated member for straightening the toggle to apply the ring to the pulley, and positively operated means for insuring the straightening of the toggle.

as. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a pulley loosely mounted on the shaft, a clutch for operatively connecting the pulley to the shaft comprising a split ring, means for operating the ring to engage and to release said pulley comprising a toggle between the ends of the split ring, a spring operated member for straightening the toggle to apply the ring to the pulley, and a cam arranged to operate upon sait member to insurethe straightening of the toggle'alld the m engagement of the split a:

ring with the friction surface on the pulley.

4A. In a mechanism of the character described, a shaft, a power pulley loosely mounted on the shaft, a clutch for opera-, tively connecting the pulley to the shaft, a brake for the shaft, means for releasing the brake prior to the clutching of the pulley to the shaft, means for further loosening the brake as the shaft starts to rotate and for applying the brake at the proper time, and

means operable independently of the clutch for conditioning the brake relatively early in the cycle of operations so that the full braking action of the brake may be applied at the termination of the cycle at the instant the pulley is unclutched from the shaft.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

MILTON H. BALLARD.

engage and to release said pulley compris-' CER'HMGATE 0F GQRREGTWNB Patent No. 1,620,061. Granted March 8, 1927, to

MEL'EQN H. BALLARDG It i8 hereby sort-fitted that error appeam in the printed sptcitieation of the above tmmbered patent tequirittg' oorrootton ttt! follows: Page it, line 22, for the "word "beams" road "beam", and time 41, for the Wort. "part" toad "parts"; page 5, tins 31 for the Word. "hightsr" read "high"; page 11, lines 49 and 50, claim 41, lines 64; and =65, claim t2, and lines 75 and 76, claim 45, strike out the words "loosoly mounted on the shaft"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these cOfi'fitfitltimlS thtrein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patont fifties.

Signed and seated this 4th day of Uctober, A. D. 1927.

M. J. Moore, Seal. Acting @ommiosioner of Patents.

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