US1604129A - Transmitting arrangement for wireless telegraphy and telephony - Google Patents

Description

Oct. .26 1926.

1,604,129 A. MEISSNER TRANSMITTING ARRANGEMENT FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY Filed August 8. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fz'g. 4.

I Ez F' g. 2. Fig. 3.

. c! La Ca 1.4 ba ca E v M me E ,Znv'enarx ALEXANDER MEISSNER BY 4 ATTORNEY Oct. 26 1926. 1,604,l29

A. MEISSNER TRANSMITTING ARRANGEMENT FOR WIRELES TELEGRAPHY AND TELEHONY Filed August 8. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheat 2 Fig. 4.

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ALEXANDER MEIS 5 NER Patented Oct. 26, 1926,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFI E.

ALEXJUNIIER IKE; SSNjlEll` OF BERLIN, GER/MARY, ASSIGNOR TO G-ESELLSCHAFT FR DPJAHTLOSE TELEGRAPHIE M. B. H. HALLESGHES, OF BERLIN, GEBMANY, A 001% PORATION GERMANY.

TRANSMITTING ARRANGEMENT FOR \VIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY.

Application filed August 8, 1929 Serial No. 530,51S, and in Germany May 27, 1921.

The invention relates to an arrang ene t by means of which the operation of large antennae, such as antennze of large. area or great length is considerably improved An inuportant object ot the invention is to provide means whereby uniforni utilization ot tieeleinents of area oi" the antenna at varying distances ironi the feeding point is ohtained. The utilization of the various elements of area o f large antennee has hereto- 'fore not been uniforn, and the laclr of uniforinity has caused considerable loss in eiiiciency of the antenna as a whole.

The nvention will be further explained by reference to the drawings the eight figures of which represent several enhodiinents of the invention, by way '0-: example.

In Fig. l a long antenna is shown which is excited froni one end in the usual manner by means of a transmitting transformoi' T. li', for instance, the antenna is considered as conprising two equal elements of area F and F the supply current i'or the surfaces i and l may be assuned to pass through distances corresponding to the lengths of the lines l and 1 respectively. Corrcsponding to these different supply leng-ths are different values of the self-hr ductive reactances L and L respectively i' series with the equal capacities 0 and` 0 respectively of the two elements of rea. 'lhe two earth resistances for the elements of area F and F are also equal to each other. The conditions here are analogons to those in a branched and closed system such asiis shown in Fig. ;2, wherein one brallch contains a Capacity C and a resistance W and another a capacity C, and a resistance a self 'inductance L being placed in series with the second branch. If C and 0 and W' and XV, respectively are equal to each other,then it L., did note'gist; the resistance losses in the system as a whole would be half the Losses due-totheresist ance of on of the branehe. Since, however, ll lies in 'front ofthesecondbranch, he' high regti -ner ped nce ot t rs banch is greater than that ottheeeond branch and increases as L, is ncreased. This nay be explained as ollows: Since C and are equal to each other, thecapacitive reactances of the two branches' are qu 'each othe The h s r quseey of brendi s eti whole, equal to this capacitive reactance lV The high frequency impedance of the second branch, however, is equal to cas C and L act oppositely to each other. The high 'frequency imperiance of the second branch is theretore smaller by the self inductive re& ctance than that of the first branch and becomes smaller and smaller with an increasing self-inductance placed in series. Applied to the antenna according to Fig. 1, this anounts to the following: If both elements ot area F, and

' have the sane earth resistance, for instance,

5 ohns, the most favourable condition would be that the resulting resistance ot the antennaas a whole would be halit of 5 ohns, viz, 2,5 ohns. If, however, as may be the case in reality with an antenna having a length of 1200 meters, a seli-indnctance of 70,000 cm. is placed in series with E the unequal self inductances of the area F, and F, of the antenna cause correspondingly unequal freqnency impedances and distributions of current, that is to say from 50 to 80% nore current will fiowtln'ough F, than through F F, does not con e into :tull ef feet and is no longer arranged in parallel with regard to F `Accordingto the invention the most favourable conditions are established by the use of balancing means. In a system according to Fig. 2, the two branches may, for instance, be nade equivalent by placing in series with them equal self nductances L and L (Fig. The impedance of the system is thus made equal to half the ini- `pedance of each of the branches.

In an antenna, equal self-inductance values `for the current supply paths of elements of area which are at varying distances from the source of current may be obtained by providing the elements of area with separate feed linesand inserting balancing coils of d fferent szes in the feed lines. Fg. 4; s

"a diagram of such an arrangement. The

threeele nents of area F F of the aii-- en a, Whieh, a s m n'` b el c rca i connected with each other are provided with three feed line S S respectively froni thetransmitting transtornier T. The shortest line S; has inserted therein a relatively large coil P the middle line S, contains P are so chosen that the self-inductances of all three lines are made equal. The charges of the three elements of area F F E, are thereby caused tobe also equal to each other, with the result that every element of area has an equal share in the operation of the antenna and the impedance of the antenna as a whole has the smallest possible value.

The balancing coils need not be inserted in thefeed lines themselves, but may be placed so to speak in the transformer T, by branching off thelines S 8 S as shown in Fig. 5, 'from various points of the secondary winding of the transforiner. In order to arrive in sucha case at the correct distribution of voltage and current for the various elements of area of the antenna, the transfornier, as may be seen from Fig. 5, is preferably so arranged that the part of th-e secondary coil which takes up the voltage of the prmary coil, is separated from the part from which the feed lines are branched off. The latter part is thus caused to serve chiefiy as a loa-ding coil. Therefore, by tapping several different turns ofthis part by the lines S S 8 the currents in the latter can be adjusted as desired. The improved antenna can also', according to the invention, be constructed so that every element of. area provided with a feed line is earthed below its capacity centre, i. e. the point at which the Capacity of the area may be assumed to be concentrated without changing the constants of the area. Fig. 5 shows three earth connections E E E corresponding to the elements of area F F F The arrangement of the earth connecting lines e 6 6 with relation to the secondary of the transforIn-er T is similar to that of the feed lines S 8 S In this m'anner a transmitting installation is obtained having an antenna which operates with great eiciency and hardly any losses. i

`With this, Construction, it is particularly advantageous to arrange the feed and ground lines for the antenna as shown in r Fig. 6, that is, as separate lines S e S 6 and S 6 which are placed as close to each other as possible so that their lines of force are not dissipated in the ground.

The balancing of the areas of the antenna according to the invention can also be effected, by reducing the relatively large selfinductances of the longer feed lines by condensers, Fig. &instead of supplementing the relatively small self-inductances' of the sholrter feed lines by the use of additional co s.

In erecting an antenna according to the invention, it will in many cases be preferable to carry thecurrent supply to the more distant areas over those lying closer to the transmittng transformenv Fig. 7 shows such an arrangement, n which the 'part bf neoa ee the antenna corresponding to F is Suspended paths having substantially nniform iinpedances so as to cause current to be supplied to the respective areas of the antenna in substantially equal amonnts.

2. A transrnitting arrangement for wireless telegraphy' and telephony comprising a, source of high frequeney'energy, an antenna, and individual lines for feeding current from said source to different areas ef the antenna, said areas being at successively increasing 'distances from said source, said feed lines having substantially unform impedances.

' 3. A transmitting arrangement for Wireless telegraphy and telephony comprising a source of highfrequency energy, an antenna and individual means for supplying current from said source to different areas of the antenna said areas being at successively increasing distances from said source.

4. A transmitting arrangement for wireless telegraphy and telephony comprising a source of high frequency energy, an antenna, separate feed lines for supplying current to different areas of the antenna from said source of energy, said areas being at successively increasing distances from said source, and inductance coils inthe feed lines for the areas of the antenna in closest proxinity to said source of energy, so as to provide current supply paths of substantially equal 'impedances for the areas of the antenna.

5. A transmitting arrangement for' wireless telegraphy and telephony comprising a source of high frequency ener y, an antenna, individual feed lines for di Ierentareas of the antenna, comprising inductances of varying values, the induotances in the feed lines for the areas in closest proximity to said source of 'energy' being greater than ,those in the feed lines for the areas most remote from the source of energy, an individual ground for each area, connecting lines between said source of energy and said grounds, and inductances in 'said connecting lines corresponding in value respectively to the nductances in the feed lines for said areas.

6. A transmitting arrangernent for wireless telegraphy and telephony oomprising a transfornier acting as a source of high frequency energy, an antenna including a pl r l y of areas eleetr al y connected t'ogether, feed lines for said areas including a loading coil connected With the secondary Winding of the transformer, a ground' for each of said areas, and connections between the secondary Winding of the transformer p and said grounds including inductances corresponding respectively to the inductances in the 'feed lines.

7. An antenna system comprising an antenna, signal responsive apparatus, separate paths connecting said apparatus to difierent areas of said antenna, said areas being at successively increasing dstances from said apparatus.

8. An antenna system comprising an antenna, signal responsive apparatus, separate paths connecting said apparatus With different areas of said antenna, said areas being at successively increasing distances from said apparatus and said paths having equal impedances.

9. An antenna system comprising an antenna, signal isponsive apparatus, a pluralty of individual grounds for said antenna, each located under a particular capacity area of said antenna and cooperating therewith individual con-duetors connectina said apparatus to said Capacity areas anc grounds.

10. An antenna system comprising an an tenna, signal responsive apparatus, a plurality of individual grounds, each located under a particular capacity area of said antenna and cooperative therewith, individual pairs of conductors, the conductors of each pair 'being closely related to each other, one conductor of each pair connectng said apparatus to a capacity area and the other conductor of said pair connecting said apparatus to the ground under said capacity area.

11. An antenna system comprising an antenna, signal responsive apparatus, a plurality of individual grounds, each located under a particular Capacity area, of said antenna and cooperating thereu'itlu pairs of conductors, one conductor of each pair connecting said apparatus With a capacity area and the other conductor of each pair connecting said apparatus With a ground under the particular capacity area the combined impedances of the conductors of each pair being equal.

12. An antenna system comprising an antenna, signal responsive apparatus, said antenna comprising a progressively laterally extending contnuous conducting element and individual conductors connectng said apparatus to difierent points on said element.

13. An antenna system comprising an antenna, signal responsive apparatus, said antenna comprsing a progressively laterally extendng continuous conducting element, individual lines 'or connecting said apparatus to different points on said element, said lines having substantially equal impedances.

14. An antenna system comprsing an antenna, signal responsive apparatus, individual conductors connecting said apparatus to different points on said antenna, said conductors being of substantially equal impedance and lying above said antenna.

In testimony Whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

DR. ALEXANDER MEISSNER.

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