US1681779A - Crushing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 21, 1928. 1,681,779

5. F. ossms CRUSHING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 26, 1925 Patented M 21, 1928.

PATENT STANLEY SINQ; or COLU US O O essllroe o THE JEFFREY MANUFAC- rrB e sewers r c mmas, oH o e QORRQRATIQIST 039K10- enpsrrrne arranzrrus.

7 Application med 0etober 26,-1925. SerialNo. 64,889. r

The present invention relates to certain new and-.useful:11nprovements in crushing apparatus adapted to reduce relatively large fragments of material to uniform fragments of smaller size withoutthe production-.of-excessiveproport-ionsof extremely smalhor :fine materiaL The type of crushing apparatus'to which my present invention particularly relates comprises a casing andia rotor within the casing, said rotor having radially projecting arms adapted,as the irotorirevolves,'to engage the material which "IS'ItO .be crushed.

have possessed certain inherentidefects which it is the especial objeotiof this invention to overcome.

The means whereby I attain this object are fully set lfOFth inthe following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawing of which Figure :1 is a' sectional yiew vtaken along "a transverse werticalplane of a crushing nachine-emhodyingmypresentinvention.

Figure 2 Lisa perspective view, on an enlarged scale,ofjthe rotor element of themachine illustrated in Figure )1.

Like numerals refer "t03 similar parts in the several figures. i i

As shown in the drawings, my improved crushingmachineeonsists of a crushing element-consisting of a skeleton rotor adapted to revolve about-a substantially horizontal axis within a'casing'w-hichis adapted tolcoa fine-the material while it is being crushed. The casing com-prises a supporting framed and a housing 2-whi ch are joined together along thecentral horizontal plane of the rotor.- Themain framel hasen'd'and side walls, which may be-formed of a single 1 casting or of plates securely fastened together to form a unitary structure adapted to rest upon and be secu'red to any suitable founda 'tion, Along'its upper-edgesytheframe 1 is formed to support the hous'i-ng- 2 which is securelybolted in place- To the end walls of the main frame are secured journalbearingzs discs 4 which are securedtothe shaft in any preferred manner as by the key 5, to revolve therewith; Disposed longitudinally of the shait 3 and supportedinlsuitable apertures of the disc 4 are a plurality of rods 6 upon which the arms 7,designedtoengageand re;

duce the' materialsiare supported; The end As heretofore constructed, such machines discs- 4 are preferably flanged, as shown in F1 gum-2, as thisstlfiensthem and givesrigid end members for the assembly. "Further more, if the stilfeninggfianges are at the pereceiveoneofatherods 6. lvheirin operative positioniipon the rotor two of the arms 8 aud t) project into the space between adjacent discs 4-insuch position that-two of the rods 6 may extend through their apertures to rigidly hold the third arni'? extending radiallyfheyond the periphery of the disc 4. The radiallyprojeeting arms or crushing elements'r'are arranged in straight rows, whi h are circumferentially spaced and longitudinally staggered sets, preferably, and as here shown, equally spaced circumferentially:

Each row consists'ofspaced arms and extends, nthe present example, half the length ofthe rotor. In the drawingnl have shown "four rows of arms, but the number of rows maybe var1ed.1t being a factor the size and proportions of the machine.

Withthis arrangement of arms therewill be provided, when the rotor is in motion, a substantially continuous supporting surface, the circumference of which is conventionally indicated by the dottedline 10 in Figure 1. When therotoris at speed the surface thus generated'will substantially support, or float, the material under reductiom holding it in suspension and in freely mobile condition in the reducing chamber 11 of the housing Reduction of the material will be affected by the action of the arms 7 as they revolve against the surface of the mass, and the action being a steady and uniform one, a uniform.

between the rotor and opposing elements, as

in the usual type of crushing machine.

The housing-2 isyabove andencloses subi; stantially the upper half of therotor, and contains the reducing chamber 11 in which the principal reducing operation occurs. The housing 2 has the end Walls 12 securedto the base frame, and 3oined together at the rearward side of the reducin chamber by the casing plate 1.3 and thehopper plate 14:. At the forward side of the'housing 2, the. end walls 12 are held by the draw bolt 15 from which is suspended a plate 16to close the forward side ofthe reduction chamber. A gooseneck bracket 17 attached to the lower side of the plate'16 is engaged by the rotary adjustment,

reducing chamber 11 and to intercept flying.

fragments of material thrown off by the rapidly revolving rotor. Where hardmaterial is being reduced, and the interior surfaces of the housing 2 are exposed to the abrasive action of flying fragments coming from-the mobile massheld in the reducing chamber by the action of the rotor, they are protected by suitable lining plates formed of any suitable material such as, for example, a refractory alloy of iron, and the plate 16 is protected by the lining 20 having at'its lower edge a shelf 21. The upper surface of the shelf 21 extends along lines which are substantially radial to the rotor, to points in close proximity with the path of rotation of the ends of the arms 7, an d forms an abutment which engages advancing material and acts to prevent the to prevent the fully reduced materialto pass out of the casing and to retain the small per-- centage of oversize fragments which may 1 have passed down through the rotor and are too large to pass through the screen, within the influence of the arms 7 This screen may take various forms, but, preferably, is formed of a series of longitudinally disposed bars 22,-

the spacing of which determines the size of the maximum fragments of the product.

Obviously, the fragments ofmaterial fall- 2 ing upon the rotor immediately in the rear of'one of the reducing arms 7 will continue to fall until intercepted by the following arm, the depth of this penetration of the surface 10 being proportionate to the interval of time elapsing between the passage of one arm and the arrival of the succeeding arm. .In other words, the depth of penetration varies inversely as the speed of rotation. It is also obvious that the depth of penetration, fora given speed of rotation, will depend upon the spacing'of the, arms 7 upon the rotor, and 7 that the depth of penetration of the support ing surfacewill have, a dlrect bearlng upon the size of fragments into which thematerial under reduction Wlll be broken, the action being somewhat analogous to that of a corrugated roller, themaximum size of. the frag,

ments into which the material under reduction will be brokendependsupon the adjustment of .the abutment 21 relative tothe path of the arms 7, combinedwith the depth of penetration of the supporting surface 10 by the unbrokenfragments of material. The

speed of rotation of ,therotor must be suffv cientlyrapid to fracture-the material under reduction, without being fast enough to pulverize it, and this speed must be determined by the-characterofsaid material. For example, to reduce large fragments of moderate ly hard bituminous coal, the rotor should be given a peripheral speed of not less than eighteen hundred (1800) feet per minute. If a relatively coarse product is desired it'is apparent that the depthof penetration, of the supporting surface 10 of the rotor can'be increased only by increasing the distance between the radial arms 7 circumferentially of the rotor. The maximum spacing of the arms, consistent with perfect rotative balance ofthe rotor, is that illustrated in the drawing, half the circumference. Experience has demonstrated, however, that when the widely spaced rows of armsextend the'entire length of the rotor, the machine is subjected'to high 1y objectionable "shock and vibratory strain, andsmoothness of operation can be obtained: without detracting from the etficiency of themachine, only by the breaking up of'the longitudinal rows of arms and dividing thecircumferential space in the manner shown in Figure 2. i It is'obvious that for larger machines, the same; operative results might be obtained bya greater number of rows of arms andby a different longitudinal arrangement of successive rows. i p I By thearrangement of parts. above ,described, I have produced a highlyiefficient crushing apparatus adapted, at" a single ope'ration, to reduce relatively large fragments of material to uniform fragments of smaller size without the production of excessive proportions of extremely small or fine material.

What I claim is 1. In a crushing machine comprising a casing and a rotor within the casing, said rotor comprising the combination with a shaft and a plurality of concentric discs fixed to said shaft in spaced relation longitudinally thereof, of radially projecting arms arranged in longitudinally extending rows equally spaced circumferentially of the rotor each row extending half the length of the rotor from the end opposite the adjacent row as and for the purpose set forth. I

2. In a. crushing machine comprisin a cas ing and a rotor within the casing, said rotor comprising the combination with a shaft and a plurality of concentric discs fixed to said shaft in spaced relation longitudinally thereof, of radially projecting arms arranged in longitudinally extending rows equally spaced c-ircumferentially of the rotor each row extending half the length of the rotor from the end opposite the adjacentrow, the arms of each row positioned incach adjacent space he il iveen the discs as and for the purpose set .orth. i

3. A rotor for crushing machines of the disposed in different longitudinal zones of gitudinal rows, said rows being disposed in circumferentially spaced relation to one another, the adjacent rows being disposed in different longitudinal zones of the rotor, and means for securing said discs and crushing elements together to form a rotor.

,6. In a machine of the class described,,the combination of a series of discs, the end discs of the series being cup-shaped, crushing elements arranged between said discs in longitudinal rows, said rows being disposed in circumferentially offset and longitudinallystaggored relation to one another, and tie-rods having their ends housed within said cupshaped end discs to secure said' discs and crushing elements together to form a rotor.

7. In a crushing machine of the class described, a rotor comprising a shaft, and rows of radially extending crushing arms supported by said shaft, said rows comprising series of said arms aligned in the longitudinal direction of said shaft, each successive series in the longitudinal direction of said'shaft being staggered relative to the preceding series.

8. In a crushing machine of the class described, a rotor comprising a shaft, and rows of radially extending crushing arms supported by said shaft, said rows comprising series of said arms alignedin the longitudinal direction of said shaft, the arms of each successive series in the longitudinaldirection of said shaft being at right angles to the arms of the preceding series.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. c

' STANLEY F. OSSING.

the class described, the I

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