US1677026A - Geared turbine installation - Google Patents

Description

" July 1o, 1928. i A 1,617,026

- B. 0.BUCKLAND EI'AL @mann TURBINE INSTALLATION' Filed Noms, 19f2'5 l3 sheets-sheet 1 Bruce O. Buckland GLenn B. War-ren Their Attorngg July 10, 1928.

s. o. BUCKLAND gr AL =GEARED y'.IURBINE INSTALLATION Filed Nov. 6, 1925 s sheets-sheet' 2 July-10, 1928. Y 1,677,026

B. o. BUCKLAND Er m.v

GEARED TURBINE INSTALLATION Filed Nov. 6, 1925 s sheets-sheet 5 B Inverwtolfv Bruce O. BuCkLcmd Glenn B.Wc1rren ruu. sfff "g Their' WA TER RATE CRU/SING SPEED Patented July 10, 1928.

VUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BRUCE 0. BUCKLAND AND GLENN B. WARREN, F ,SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK,. AS- SIGNORS TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

GEARED TURBINE INSTAELAIION.

Applicationled November 6, 1925'. Serial No. 67,424.

In certain turbine installations, such as, forv example, those on naval vessels, thev conditions are met wherein it is required that the turbine installations be operated under Wide- 6 ly different loady and speed conditions. For

example, in the case of a naval vessel, a turbine installation may be required to operate at full load and also at loads of the order of 1/20 to 1/8 full load, these latter loads l0` corresponding to cruising speeds. A naval vessel may operate for long periods of time .at cruising speeds and for this reason 'it is required that the turbine installationsbe eilicicnt'at both full load and partial load.

Also, in connection with naval vessels, it is desired that^the turbine installation be as light in Weight as possible.

The object of our invention is to provide a turbine installation capable of opexiating' elliciently at both full load 'nd light load and which, at the same tire, is light in weight, and -for a consideration of what we believe to be nov-e1 and our invention, attention is directed to the accompanying description and the claimsappended thereto.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a plan .View of a turbine installation embodying cur invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation, on a larger scale, the low pressure turbine being omitted', Fig. is an enlarged detail; Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are detail diagrammatic views of'an interlocking arrai'xgement'; Fig. 7 is a wiring diagram of` a synchronizing arrangement, and Fig. 8 is a diagram.

Referring to the drawing, 1 indicates a high pressure turbine provided with valve means 2 which controls the admission of elastic fluid to it. Any suitable type of valve means ymay 'be used. In the drawing, a known arrangen'lent is-indicated diagrammatically and by Way of example.' The valve means is opened and closed by means of a hand'wheel 3 connected to .the valve means by gear Wheels 4 and 5, a horizontal shaft 6, bevelgear Wheels 7 and 8, a vertical shaft 9 and bevel gear Wheels 10 and 11. The arrangement is such in the present in. stance that turning shaft 6 through anangle of 18() degrees serves to move the valve means from full' open position to closed4 position, or fromv closed position to full open position. Elastic fluid is supplied to turbine 1 -by a supply conduit 12. In supply conduit 12 a manually-operated valve 13.

High pressure turbine 1 exhausts into .an

exhaust header 14 which is connected by a conduit 15 to the high pressure end of a low pressure turbine 16. 1'7 indicates the exhaust housingojf turbine 16 which may be connected to the usual condenser, not shown. In exhaust housing 17 is a reversing turbine sec-tion 18 to which elastic fluid` is supplied by a conduit 19. In conduit 19 is a suitable valve 2O arranged to be opened and closed by a hand lever 21,'connected to it by a. rod 22, bell crank lever 23, rod 24 and lever 25. Valve 2O is normally closed but 4may be opened when it is desired touse the reversing turbine section. t

Adjacent to the turbine casing is a car casing 26fhavi`ng suitable bearings in which is journaled the shaft 27 of a driven gear 28.

`,Shaft 27 is connected to propeller shaft 29 which carries propeller 30. Meshing with driven vgear 28 is a pinion` 31, the shaft 32 of which is carried in bearings in gear` casing 26 and is coupled directly to shaft 33 of low pressure K turbine l 16. Also, journaled .in bearings in gear fcasing 26 and meshing with gear Wheel 28 is a pinion 34hav'ing a quill shaft 35. Arranged in axial alignment with pinion 34 is a pinion 36 carried by a shaft 37 journaled in bearings 38. Pinion shaft 37 is connected to the' shaft of high pressure turbine 1 by a shaft 39 which extends through quill shaft 35 and gforms in'substance an extension of the high pressure turbine shaft. Meshing with pinion 36 is a gear lWheel 40 having a shaft 414 journaled in bearings 42 in the gear casing. In axial alignment with gear Wheel 40 is a pinion 43 which meshes with pinion 34and is carried by a. quill sha-ft 44 journaled in bearings 45. Extending through quill shaft 44 is a shaft 46 which forms an extension of shaft 41 and is journaled at its outer end in a bearing 47. Shaft 46 is adapted to be connected to shaft 44 by a clutch' comprising-ca fixed clutch member 48 011 one end of shaft 44 and a sliding clutch member 49 splined on shaft 461' Sliding clutch member 49is moved by an-arm 50 pivoted to the'gear casing at 51. The inner end of arm 50 is suitably connected to clutch member49 and the outer end isA connected .J to v.one end of a toggle 52. The other end of 105 toggle 52 is pivoted to the gear casing as iS indicated at 53, While its central portion isv connected by a rod 54 to a pin 55 which slides in a slot in an actuating cam segment 56 plvoted at 57 to a suitable support. The 110 loo slot has a holding section 58 which is concentric with ivot point 57 and an actuating section 59. When cam segment 56 stands in the position shown in Fig. 2 of the clutch is disengaged. When thedrawing, turned in an time, low pressure turbine 16 drives ythe propeller shaft through pinion 31 and driven gear wheel 28. -Pmion 36 rotates along with anticlockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2,/shaft 39 and turns gear' wheel 40. Also no movement of the clutch takes place While pin moves through the holding section 58 of the slot. Whenmoved through actuating section 59, rod 54 is pulled downward turning lever 50, thereby moving clutch member 49 into engagement with clutch member 48.

-Fastenedl on the left hand end of quill shaft 35 is a lixed clutch member 60.

Spline-d on the adjacent portion of shaft 39 is a sliding clutch member 61 Vadapted to-be moved into and outof engagement with clutch member to connect shaft 39 to and disconnect it from shaft 35. Sliding clutch member- 61 is moved by an arm 62 pivoted on a suitable support (not shown) at 63.

The inner end .of arm v62I is suitably con nected to clutch member 61 and the outer end is connectedy to one end of a toggle 64. The other end of toggle 64 is pivoted to a suitablesupport 65 while its central portion is connected byl a; rod 66 to a pin 67 which slides in a slot in `ai cam segment 68 pivoted at 69 on ap suitable support. The slot has a vholding' section 70 and an actuating section 71. Wheif cam segment-68 stands ,in the position shown in Fig. 2, the clutch is enu aged. When turned in an anticlockwise irection as viewed in Fig. 2, actuating section.71 of the slot forces lever 66 upward,-

moving the toggle 64 and turning lever 62 in `a direction to move clutch member 61 out' of engagement with clutch member 60. After the clutch is disengaged,'pin 67 enters holding section 7 O of theslot, which permits further turnin of segment 68 while the clutch is held in out position. Segments 56A andy 68 are both ivotally connected `to an actuating rod 72 w ich is pivotally connected to a hand operated clutch lever 73 fulcrumed on ashaft 74 carriedin a suitable support, (not shown). Hand lever 73 thus turns seg-- ments 56 and 68 simultaneously,and it will be seen that the slots in the segments are arranged so that upon moving rod 72 toward I the left in Fig. 2, clutch member 61 is'rst disengaged'after which upon furthenmovement'clutch member 49'is engaged, 'and that upon movement back again, clutch member4 I48 is irst disengaged after which clutch member 61 may be engaged. This forms an interlocking arrangen'ientv for the two -clutches so that one must be disengaged be I fore the other can be engaged.

In the position of the parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2, clutch member 61 is in engagement Withclutch member 60 thereby connecting quill shaft 35 to shaft v39 while clutch member 4 9 is Thehigh pressure turbine 1 now drivesprodisengaged :from clutch member 48.

from throwing the clutches member 48, gear. wheel 40 and pinion 43 run idly. This is the position of the parts for full load, theppropeller being operated at the highest speed.

Now, if it is desired to operate the propeller at cruising speed, hand lever 73 is moved to disengage clutch member 61 from clutch member 60, thus opening the direct connection between shaft of turbine land pinion 34. The-hand lever 73 is then moved further to bring clutch member 49 into engagement with clutch member 48 thereby connecting gear wheel 40 to pinion 43. The high speed turbine 1 now drives driven gear wheel 28 through pinion 3 6. gear wheel 40, pinion 43 and pinion 34. This provides a double reduetion'gearing between high pressure turbine 1 and the propeller sha-ft so that the high pressure turbine in driving the propeller shaft at cruising speed may 'thus operate at substantially its normal speed. In-

this connect-ion it is well understood that an elastic iuid turbine is essentially a high` speed machine and gives its best efficiency rapidly as the speed decreases.

The arrangement of the high pressure and low pressure turbine is such that when the propeller is operated at full speed with the full speed gearing in use', equally divided between the two machines. When operating at' cruising speed, however,

the load is aboutv and with the cruising gearing in use, the ma]or port-ion of the load 1s transferred from the low pressure turbine to the high pressure Speed the high pressure turbine may-carry eighty-two per cent of the load and the low pressure turbine eighteen per cent of the load.

ing conditions.

turbine. For example, at one-half' this arrangement eicient operation pf" the turbine installation is obtained lfor cruis- As an illustration of' the gain in efficiency obtained by the foregoing arrangement, attention yis directedv to Fig. 8 which shows curves wherein speedis plotted against water rate. The curve A shows the lwater rate from full load down to partial 'load with the gearing connected forfull load opera# tion. The curve B shows the water rate which is obtained at cruising speed when the .turbine 1 is connected through the gearing for cruising operation. 'As will be clearl a substantial gain in, water rateresul'ts.

In connectionwith the installation,` it' is desirable )that the voperative be prevented lWhile valve means 2` is inl open position. To prevent this,.

6 lis arranged a cam 75 which engages with a forked end 76, on a sliding bar 77 In bar 77 is aslot 78 in whicha sleeve 79 slides. In sleeve 79are two grooves 80 and 81 in which bar 77 is adapted to slide.u valve means 2 is closed, slot 78 stands in line with sleeve 79 as is shown in Fig. 4,V

and when in this position, hand lever 73 can be operated to move rod-72 to operate the clutches. IVhen one of t-he clutches is in, groove 80 stands ing line with bar 77 and when lthe other clutch is in, groove 81 stands ,in line with bar 77. In any other position vof lever 73 and rod 72 grooves 80 and 81 are both out of line with bar 77. This prevents valve means 2 from being operated except when one clutch or the other is in. Whenever the valve means is moved toward open position bar 77 stands in one'of the grooves 80 or 81 locking lever 73 and thus preventing the clutches from beingunoved.

In view of the loads on the gearing and the speeds involved, it is desirable to bring the two clutch members "of either clutch to the same speed before engaging them. For this purpose there is provided a synchronizing means for indicating the relative speeds of the clutch members and also means for either increasing or decreasing the speed of rotation of the rotor of turbine 1 to bring the 4clutch members to 4the desired relativev speeds. For indicating the relative speeds of the clutch members there is provided a A sion of shaft 46.

eratcd always in accordance With the speed small synchronizing generator .82 having its shaft 82a connected to shaft 32. This mdicates the speed of driven gear .wheel .28' and hence the speeds of clutch members 48 and 60 which always turn with driven gear wheel 28. For indicating the speeds of clutch members 49 and 61 there are provided two small synchronizing generators. 83 and 84 geared to a shaft 85 which forms an exten- These generators are 0pof turbine 1 since, because of their location, they are connected to the shaft of turbine 1 through shaft 39, pinion 36, and gear wheel 40. The gear ratios between generator 83 and shaft`85 and generator 84 and shaft 8,5 are suchthat one indicates the speed of shaft 46 and the other indicates the aspeed of shaft v39. Y

Adjacent tothe operative is an indicator comprising two synchronous motors 86 and 86n having their shafts connected to bevel gear wheels 87 and 88, of a differential gearing. Gear wheels'87 vand 88 mesh with the gears 89 of 1h" differential and to which is connected an indicating pointerl 90:' Gear Wheels 87' and 88 rotate in opposite direc' ,tions and when running at thesame speed 'that it indicates the speed of clutchgnembers 48 and 60. Motor 86L is arranged to be connected by a switch 91 either to generator 83 or to generator 84 so that it may be made to indicate the speed of either clutch member 49 or 61, as desired.

In synchronizing t-he clutch members, it may be necesary to either increase or decrease the speed of the turbine rotor. For increasing the speed of the turbine rotor, we provide a pipe 92 through which elastic fluid may be supplied to the high pressure nozzles of the turbine. In pipe 92 is a valve 93 which is held closed normally by a spring 94. The end of the stem of valve 93 terminates adjacent to the end of an arm 95 mounted on shaft 74 and adapted' to be moved bya hand lever 96 to open valve 93. For retarding the speed of the turbine rotor, We provide on the surface of the last stage wheel 97 adjacent to its periphery, a ring of notches 98 which face in a reverse direction, and a nozzle 99 for discharging elastic fluid against the notches. Elastic fluid is supplied'to nozzle 99 by a pipe 100 in which is located a controlling valve 101 normally held on its seat by agspring 102. The stem of valve 101 projects out to a point adjacent to arm 95 so that the valve may be opened.v by hand lever 96. Pipes 92 and 100 both connect to a supply pipe 103 which may lead from any suitable source of elastlc fluld pressure.`

The arrangement of arm 95 and the stems of valves 93`and 101 is such that 'when hand lever 96 is moved toward the left as shown in Fig. 2, valve 101 is opened to admit elastic fluid through' nozzle 99 to ret-ard the rate of rotation oftherotor turbine 1 and when it is moved toward the right, valve 93 is.

clutch member 49 beingdiscngaged. This is for full speed pperation. If new it is desired to connect turbine 1' for cruisingy speed operation, the procedure 1s as follows: the operative first turns hand wheel 3 to close valvev means 2, thereby shutting off admission of elastic Huid to turbine 1. This serves 'to bring slot 78 inline with sleeve 79 thereby releasing clutch lever 73. Lever 73 is now moved to disengage clutch member 61 `from clutch member 60. Theoperative if he has not already done so, then moves switch 91 to a position connecting generator/84 to synchronous motor V863. Now- 4by observing pointer 90 the operative can moves hand lever 73 further to bring clutch member 49' into engagement with clutch 111en'1ber48. This movement of hand lever 7 3 serves to unlock the operating mechanism for valve means2 so that valve means 2 may be again opened to admit elastic fluid to Athe bine shaft through said second-named pinturbmes. l

Preferably, the gearing is of the double helical type .this being a type of gearing well adapted for applications of the character disclosed and for reasons well understood.

At cruising speed, the load to be transmittcdv is rcomparatively small so that onehalf of the pinion member 34 is employed lto transmit the load. This being the case,

the pinionl 43 forms a single helic-al pinion engaging only one of the pinion members of the pinion 34. However, if desired a double ielical installation pinion may be used.

In ,connection with the operation of the installation, no special valve means is required for regulating the admission of elastic fiuidA to low pressure turbine 16 the load being automatically shifted from it to the high pressure turbine 1 under the varying operating conditions.

As will be noted, the turbine installation, while it is capable of giving good' efficiency at both full load and partial load, is at the same time comparatively simple in structure and light in weight. The arrangement avoids entirely the\use of special cruising turbines which are undesirable not only because of the additional cost but also because ofthe additional Weight which they add to the equipment and the floor space occupied by them. i A

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, we have described the principlesof operation of our invention, to-

gether Withthe apparatus which we now considerI to represent the best embodiment thereof, but we desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative y and that the invention may be carried out by other means. Y

What we claimas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,"

1. In a turbine installation, a high pressure turbine, a low pressure turbine, a driven shaft,y and gears through which said turbines drive said shaft, said gears comprising a' driven gear Wheel, a inionmeshingtherewith driven by the ow pressure turbine, gear means comprising a pinion meshing directly with said driven gear wheel and a pinion connected theretp through a lreduction gearing, and means'whereby said high pressure turbine may be connected to drive through either of said pinions.

2. In combination, an elastic fluid turbine having a shaft and rotating membersithereon, a driven shaft, a gear wheel connected to the driven shaft, a pinion meshing with said gear Wheel, a clutch for connecting it to the turbine shaft, a second pinion connected withl the turbine shaft, means including a reduc-tion gearing an a clutch for connecting the first-named pinion to the turion, and means for increasing orv retarding the speed of rotation of the turbine shaft for enabling the clutches to be engaged readily, said means including a pair of elas- -tic fiuid admission conduits for the turbine the speed of rotation of the turbine shaft for enabling the clutches to be engaged readily, and means for indicating the relative speeds of the shafts to be connected.

4. In combination, an elastic fluid turbine having a shaft, a driven shaft, a gear wheel connected to the driven shaft, a pinion ineshing with the gear wheel, a clutch for connecting it to the turbine shaft, a pinion con-- nected directly to the turbine shaft, gear wheels forming a reduction gearing, a clutch for connecting the last-named pinion to the first-named gear wheel through said reduction gearing, means for operating said clutches so that only one can be engaged at l a time, an elastic fluid admission valveufor the turbine', and an interlock means connected with said valve and with said clutch operating means which permits ,the .latter to operate onlywhen the valve is closed.

5. In combination, an elastic fluid turbine having a shaft, a driven shaft, a gear Wheel i connected to the driven shaft, a pinion meshing with said gear wheel, a clutch for connecting the pinion to the turbine shaft, a second pinion connected with the turbine shaft, means including a reduction gearing and a clutch for connecting the first-named pinionto the-turbine shaft throughv said second-named pinion, means for .increasing or retarding the speed of'rotation 'of the turbine shaft for enabling the clutches to be engaged readily, means for indicating the relative speeds of the rotating members to be connected by said clutches, said means including a speed indicating generator con.- nected with the driven shaft and gear Wheel,

a speed-indicating lmotor connected with said/ generator, a pair of speed-indicating generators connected with the turbine shaft,

a `second speed-indicating motor, switch means for connecting said last-named motor to either one of said last-named generators, and, means connected with the motors for indicating their differential speed.

6. In combination, an elastic Huid tur- -bine having a shaft, apinion carried by said shaft, a quill shaft surrounding said firstnamed shaft, a clutch for connecting said shafts, a pinion carried by said quill shaft, a driven gear wheel with which said lastnamed pinion meshes, va second shaft, a gear carried by said shaft, which gear meshes ,wit/h the first-named pinion, a second quill sure turbine, a low pressure' turbine, a driven shaft, and gears through which said tur` bines drive said shaft, said gears comprising a driven gear wheel mounted on said shaft, a pinion meshing therewith driven by the low' pressurefturbine", a second pinion meshing with the ydriven gear Wheel, a third pinion driven by the hlgh pressure turbine, a slpeed` reducing gearing through which the` t ird pinion is connected with the second pinion, a clutch in said last-named gearing for ope-ning and closing the connection provided thereby, and -a second clutch which provides a separable connection between the vhigh pressure turbine and the second pinion.

8; In a turbinev installation, a high pressure turbine, .a low ressure turbine, a driven shaft, and gears t rough which said turbines drive said shaft, said gears com rising 60 a driven gear wheel mounted on sai shaft, a pinion meshing therewith driven by the low pressure turbine, a second, pinion meshing with the driven gear wheel, a third pinion driven by the high pressure turbine, a speed reducing gearing through which the third pinion is connected with the second pinion, a clutch in said last-named gearing for opening and closing the connection provided thereby, asecond clutch which provides a kseparable connection between the highl pressure turbine and the 'second pinion, and me s connected with said clutches for opening and closing them, said means including an interlock' which prevents closing both clutches at the same time.

4- In Witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands this 5th day of November, 1925.

. BRUCE o.. RUCKLAND.

' GLENN R. WARREN.

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