US1670083A - Ttjrbine-regt - Google Patents

Description

May 15, 1928. 1,670,083

R. G. STANDERWICK TURB I NE REGULAT ING MEANS Filed April 20, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I W11Illlulllllzzlllllllllllmlnv Inve ntor': Reg'mald QStandePWLok.

by M1142 f-lLs Attorjn ey.

May 15, 1928.

1,670,083 R. G. STANDERWICK TURBINE REGULAT ING MEAN S Filed April 20, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Regmald 6.6tanderwLck,

HLs Attonney.

Patented May 15, 1928.

UNITED STATES 1,670,083 PATENT OFFICE.

BEGiNALD e. srairnnnwrcx, or MARBLEHEAD, MASSACHUSETTS, assrenon T0 GENERAL nnnormc COMPANY, A CORPORATION or NEW YORK.

.TUBBINE-BEGULATING Means.

' 4 Application filed April 20, 1927. Serial No. 185,327.

I The present invention relates to elastic fluidturbine installations wherein the turbine is controlled by some operating conditionsnot concerned directly with the driven load of the turbine and hence not responsive to the speed of the turbine. In such installae tions, it' is the practice to utilize the turbine for driving an alternatingcurrent machine connected to main bus bars to which are connected another alternating current ma chine or machines which are controlled-to fix the frequency of the system. The speed of the turbine, therefore, is J fixed by the frequency of the system. In this manner, itmaybe utilized to carry more or less load in response to any desired operating condition.

In turbine installations of this type, it is important thatthe arrangement be such that the turbine cannotcontinue to take on load to an extent such that the alternating current machine which itdrives is overloaded, and one object of myinvention is toprovide an improved arrangement to guard against this,the arrangement being'such that while it permits the alternating current machine to be loaded to capacity, prevents it from being overloaded.

Inconnection with turbines of this type, it is the practice to provide, in addition to the control means above referred to, a speed governor which is set for aspeed somewhat higher than that at which the turbine runs when tied in on the line with other machines. With this arrangement, ,the speed governor ,is normally out of action and only comes into actionto take control of the turbine in case the speed exceeds a predetermined high value. Such governors are termed pre-emergency governors because they are set to come into action in advance of the emergency governor. A further objectof my invention is-to provide an improved arrangement whereby the pre-emergency governor or speed governortakes control of theturbine when certain abnormal operating conditions aremet with.

An application of my invention is in connection" withthe utilization of elastic fluid fro'm some preferred source of supply, such as waste heat boilers, for example, where it is desired to utilize in the turbine allthe elas tic fluid available from such preferred source of supply, and a further object of my invention is to provide an improved control ar rangement for use in connection with a tar:

bine utilizing elastic fluid from a preferred source of supply. .For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying description and the claims appended thereto.

, In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an elastic fluid turbine equipped with regulating means embodying my invention, and Fig. 2 is a similar View of another application of my invention.

Referring to the drawing, Fig. 1, 1 indicates an elastic fluid turbine having an admission conduit 2 and exhaust conduit 3. Turbine 1 may be of any suitable type. In the present instance I have illustrated an impulse turbine of what is known as the extraction type, a conduit being provided at an intermedi ate point in the turbine for extracting lower pressure elastic fluid for industrial or process purposes. 5 indicates a valve in conduit 4 provided with an operating arm 6 connected by a link 7to a movable abutment 8. Movable abutment 8 is subjected to the pressure in conduit 4 through a conduit 9. The arrangement is such that movable abutment 8 serves to operate valve 5 to maintain substantially constant pressure in conduit 4 beyond valve 5. The arrangement of extraction turbine illustrated is diagrammatic and wholly by way of example. It is intended to represent any suitable extraction type machine. A known type which I may utilize in actual practice is one such as that shown in the patent to Norton, 1,091,07 8, dated March 24, 1914.

The valve means for controlling the flow of elastic-fluid to turbine 1 is indicated at 10. It is here shown diagrammatically and by way of example as comprising a single valve member connected by a stem 11 to a lever 12 pivoted on a fulcrum 13, the free end of lever 12'being provided with a roller 14 which is engaged by a. cam 15 carried by a cam shaft 16. It is to be understood that this valve structure is intended to represent any suitable turbine valve gear. On the end of cam shaftl6 is a pinion 17 which meshes with a rack 18 on the upper end of a rod 19. Rod 19 is connected to a piston 2O located in a cylinder 21. Piston 20 is biased toward the lower end of the cylinder by a spring 21*. When piston 20 moves upward in the cylinder, cam shaft 16 is turned in adirection to open valve means 10, while when the piston moves downward in] cylinder cani shaft 16 is turned in a direction to permit valve means to move toward closed position.

Turbii'i 1 is shown as being direct eonnected to an zilternatiiig currentgnerat-oi 22 connected by lead Wires 23 to the main bus bars 24 of an alternating current system of distribution. Connection to bus bars 24 are one or more other alternating current iejenerator s, the connec'tionsfor one. of them 'eihg indicated at 25. Iii connections is a suitable circuit breaker 26 and lllCOIlIIQC ti'on's 2 5- is a suitable [circuitbreaher2Y;

end of which is a worm ivheel 33 driven hiya \ivoim ii on thefeiid of the turbine s'litift Also driven the vertical ump shift is a'suiteble speed governor 36. w

I The parts just described are riotslibvsin' correct re'lation zto the turbine 1, but are shown diagrammatically and as h ving been brought around into the plane o'fthe paper.

This is, for the pnrpose of showing dia ram inatically'theconnections of the parts of the regulating"mecihan ism to each other. As

will be understood by those familiar with elastic fluid turbines, the parts Will be edit ably arranged in? combinatioiifvvith the tur bine in a usual and convenient manner; It, Will be understood, also, that the ielati've sizes of the parts are not correctly 'shovvn the size of some of the parts being jgreatl'y exaggerate-d for purposes of illustration. Speed governor 36 has its vvei 'ht ar'rn's 3] connected by a stem 38 to a pilot valve 9 provided with upper and lovver valve heads 40 find 41. Stem 38 preferably connected directly to pilot valve 39st) that the pilot valve rotates with the speed governor. When Weights ev'fiy outvvard; piiotfvalve 39 is pulled do wirwardg while vvheii they" move inward, pilot valve se-i smgyed irpv'v'ard, I

Surrounding pilotvalve 39 1s apilot vdlve bushing fi provided with annjular g ooves l3 and i4; controlled byvalv'e heads Q0 41 and with passages L5. Surrounding bushing 42 is a pilot valvcasing eprog vided with three spaced annular g omes With which grooves 43 and F14 and assages 45 respectively communicate. Bushing 42 can inove axially in casing 4'6 but cannot turn therein beiii'g held from turning by a suitable spline (not shown); The upper anniilar groove in casing 46 is connected by ipi-p'e 47 to a pilot valve easing 48; the

middle in-nii ldr gfdove' is-coiiiiected by a pipe {l9 to cylinder 21 beneath piston 20;

and the iewerannular groove communicates directly with oil tank 30. Pilotvalve bush- 42 is diiiiectdd a stem 50 to a lever 51 mounted on a :EulcrumbQ. Stem v50 is shown: being constructed in V united'by a long nut 53 having threads in its bare and gear teeth 01; its cuter surface The u per part of sten'i 50 1"s'pivdm11 eon il tted to the upper end of. niit 53 and the 16ivi' part or Q stem '50 is threaded and ngages with the threads nut 53. 'Meshifig with t ll 6 gear il e tli on 1111i 53 is a. goal ivheel 5 4cco1 ii1ec t ed bevel gear W h'eels55 to a s fichrnizingimotor 5 j In these can sections is a friction Clutch 56 of editable tvvo parts commie-ti e through which m taisedfivs' nut .53; The total movement of pilot v lve bushing 42 is limited by a pi 156. whichngages stopsse ,When pin 561 fi ag s a stop 56, clutch 56 slips so as to avoid stallofthe meme Wheii mater-56 mess in ne dir'e'cfidn, mp5s is wriima shorten the length of stein 50,vvhil"vvhen'inotor 56 turns in the pp 'osi tgdirection, nut is t rned to increase the' length of, stem-5o, thereby misi iggzmd loitering pilotimi'v'e;

bushing 42.; Thisdiagrammaticshowing of iriotor 56' in connection with stein 50 is in tended to re resent any suitable synchronize-j iiig arrangement; In particujlar, I inayuse an arrangement such as that disclosed the patent to Scott, 1,584,610, patented May 4,;

1926. M p ,v

. The left hand end of lever 51 is connected by linfk;57 to one nd ofa 1evei-158,pivoted on a' martin 58"". The other end of leveris connected to rod 19, The right hand end of Iver 51 ispivbtally cofiiiectd to one end. 7

eflating lever '59.[Tl ie,otherend of .r'

easi g l8, 'Pilot "vi11ve'60? has two yzilv'e" heads 61 aiid Valvehe'ad 61 cooperates I with an annular gimcve ee iii pilotvalvecas- V" l8 zind'valveli'ead 62 cooperates with an groove in thepilot valve casing. Connected td annular grdove"63 1s a p pe line 65 whih, cdfiimufiicatsjivith therd ifs cl'iarg side of pump- 31., 66 'is suitable non-return valve arranged in this pipe line andfifi- 1s a pressure rel ef valve wlizch may to pilot valve-'60 located in pilot valve lit) be set relieve the press ure on ,the dis a prede ermi ed High value; Ann ar grooved; communicate with any suit able'di'seharge re ioin Lever 59 is'je on'nect ea b'y link 68 d the central p'ort'ion' or a i vei eey The right hand end of lever 91s pivotelly connected to a stein 70 which at its lower endcarries a piston 71 which movesin a cylinder 72. On stem 70 is a threaded'portion73 on which is an adjustable'bushing 74. Mounted on bushing 7 4 in a manner such that the bushing may turn in it is a spring clamp 75 to which is attached one end ofa spring 76, the other end of thespring being attached to a spring clamp 76 fixed in the top of cylinder 72. Spring 76-serves to oppose upward movement of piston 71 and may be adjusted to load the piston to the desired extent.

77 indicates a plurality of waste heat boilers,'it being understood that by the term waste heat boilers, I mean boilers which utilize for vaporizing water some source of waste heat or some source of waste fuel. That is to say, heat or fuel which if it were not utilized in the boilers would go to waste.

Boilers 77 discharge elastic fluid into a header 78 from which elastic fluid is supplied to turbine 1 by a conduit 7 9. Header 78 is connected by a pipe 80 to cylinder 72 beneath piston 7 I Moved by stem 70 is a contact plate 81 adapted to bridge a pair ofcontacts S2.

83 indicates a contact-making ammeter having a movable contact arm Set adapted to engage either of two contacts 85 or 86, or, to stand in a position intermediate between contacts 85 and 86. 87 indicates the winding of contact-making ammeter 83. This winding is connected by conductors 88 to line wires23- of generator 22, the connection being made through a suitable current transformer 89. Vith this arrangement, the currentv flowing through ammeter winding 87 is proportional tothe load on generator 22. In conductors 88 is a load adjusting resistance 90.

. Lever 69 is provided at its left hand end with what; is termed a magnetic fulcrum, the same being shown diagrammaticallyas vcomprising a core91 arranged in a winding 92 and adapted to engages stop Connected to lever 69 is a spring 9a which opposes the pull of winding 92 on core91. hen winding 92 is energized, core 91, having beenmoved to the position shown in. the drawing, will be held there by the winding. hen winding 92 is deenergized, spring 9i will move the left hand end of lever 69 upward. When this occurs, it must be moved back again manually in order to restore the parts to their former positions. The pull of winding 92 when energized, while sufficient to hold the core in the position shown in the drawing, is not suflicient to move the core to such position after it has been moved away by spring 94. I V

p 95 and 96 indicate the two field windings of synchronizing motor 56. .TVinding 95, when energized, operates motor 56 in adirection to raise bushing 42 and winding 96, whenenergized, operates motor 56 in a direction to lower bushing 42. 97 indicates a switch for connecting the field windings of motor 56 either for automatic control or for hand control by means of a hand switch 98. 99 indicates a source of potential for operating motor 56.

In the drawing, the parts are shown in positions they occupy when the turbine is running at less than full speed, valve means 10 being partially open, and generator 22 being partially loaded. Elastic fluid of the desired pressure is supplied to turbine 1 from waste heat boilers 77. This pressure holds piston 71 in a certain position. Since generator 22 is only partially loaded, the contact lever 84 of ammeter 83 stands in engagement with contact 85. The speed of the turbo-generator set comprising turbine 1 and generator 22 is set by the frequency of the main bus bars 24 which frequency in turn is controlled by other turbo-generators as indicated by the lead wires 25. Speed governor 36 is set for a speed a certain amount higher than that of the turbine so that it is out of action, that is to say, it is in a position such that it does not obstruct the flow of oil through groove 43. As before stated, it forms what is termed usually in this art a pre-emergency governor, being a speed governor which comes into operation at a speed just lower than that for which the usual emergency governor for the turbine is set. Pilot valve 60 is in actual control of the flow of fluid pressure to cylinder 21 beneath piston 20. As shown the pilot valve heads 61 and 62 are positioned so as to prevent either the flow of fluid from conduit past pilot valve head 61 to cylinder 21 or from cylinder 21 past pilot valve head 62 to discharge.

l'Vith switch 97 in the position shown, winding 92 of the magnetic fulcrum in a circuit which maybe (traced as follows: Lower line wire 99. conductor 100. conductor 101, switch blade 28 of circuit breaker 27, conductor 102, switch blade 28 of circuit breaker 26, conductor 103, conductor 104-, winding 92, conductor 105, conductor 106, and switch 97 to the upper line wire 99. \Vinding 92 is thus energized so that the magnetic fulcrum is held in the fixed posi tion shown.

It the pressure in header 78 increases, pis ton 71 is moved upward somewhat in cylin der 72. This lifts the right hand end of lever 69 and through link 68 lifts the right hand end of lever 59, thus raising pilot valve 60. Fluid pressure now flows from pipe line 65 past pilot valve head 61 through pipe 47, annular chamber 43, passages 45, and pipe 49 to cylinder 21 beneath piston 20 thereby raising piston 20 to open further valve means 10 so as to admit elastic fluid morerapidly to turbine 1. WVhen piston 20 moves upward it turns lever 58 on its fulcrum, lowering the right hain'd'end of lever 58 and raising the right hand end of lever 51. This turns lever 59 on link 68 as a pivot, the right hand end of lever 59 being lowered and thereby restoring pilot valve to its former position. On the other hand, if the pressure in header 78 decreases, then piston 71 will move downward in cylinder 72 and, in a mannersimilar to that already described, effects a closing of valve means 10. Thus the arrangement tends to maintain the pressure in header 78 substantially constant. As a result, valve means 10 Will be operated to maintain it in a position such that turbine 1 will utilize all the elastic fluid available from the Waste heat boilers, it be ing under-steed that variations in ressure: header 78 serve as a guide to the elasticfluid av'a ilablethe pressure increasing and decreasing the supply available increases decreases.- When the turbine is not running, line switchac is open" so that generator '22 is disconnected from. the main bus bars. As a J rsult,the \vindin'g' 92 of the magnetic fulcrum is deenergi'zed so that the left hand end of lever 69 is in vits uppermost position. This holds pilot va'l ve 60"in its uppermost position, permitting free passage of oil from pipe through ilot valve casing 48 to pipe 47, Pressure piston 71 is thus in- (iii independently v Switch 97 is now moved to the position operative to perform any regulating of the turbine valve means. Adso, at this time, pilot valve bushing 42 will be in aposition such that valve heads 40, and 41 cover passages 43 and 44.; To start the turbine, switch 97' is" moved to its left hand position into engagement with contacts 107, after which hand Switch 98is moved into engagement with its right hand contact thereby closing" the circuit on field vv'inding 96. This serves to operate motor 56 in a; direction to' move' p'ilot valve bushing 42 downward, thus admitting oilto the underside of piston 20. Piston 20 is thus moved u'pvvar'd to open valve means 10 and admit elastic fluid to the turbine: The synchronizing motor is operated gradually by the hand switch 98 until the turbine is up to speed; Line switch26 is thenclosed, thereby connecting generator 22 to the main bus bars 24. The speed of the turbo-generator set then fixed by the frequency of the current in the main bus bars 24 and Willbe held constant of the speed governor.

shown in the drawing after which the left hand end of lever 69 is. lowered gradually, bringing plunger 91' inside, Winding 92,

Which Winding became energized v'vhe'n line.

svvitch 26 was closed. The lowering of the left hand end or the lever 69 serves to lower pilot valve bushing 42, and at the same time lower also pilot valve 60. When lever 69 is fully lovver ed,'contro'l of the turbine will have been taken away from pilot vatv'e bushing 42' and'p'lace'd' under control of pilot valve 60. The position of valve means :10

will now be fixed by pressurep'iston-7 1 after 2 thereby taking control of the turbine. away from piston 71 and pilot-valve 60 and lac ing it under control of speed governor 36; In this connection, it will be understood that when pilot valve 60 moves upwardly, 'oit be admitted under piston 20 to open valve means 10 an ainouiit sufiic'ient t6 bring the speed of turbine 1 upto a value such 'that speed governor 36 comes into action to takecontrol of the turbine, the speed of the tu'iibine no longer being fiXed the'line'fr'e quency. The turbine Will thenoperate under control of the speed goverrror'until normal conditions are restored and the lefthand end of lever 69 is again moved down- Wardto bring core 91 into Winding 92.v

If the supply of elastic fiiiid from" the follows: upper supplyline 99, right hand switch blade 97, conductor 106, conductor 108, contact arm 84, conductor 109, con ductor 110, field winding 95, and conductor 111 back to the lower supply line 99. Motor 56 then operates in a direction to raise pilot valve bushing 42 to bring itt o a position such that the upper edge of annular groove 44 comes above the top edge of head 41, and

loo

annular groove 43 is entirely covered by e head 40. This permits "(an to escape from beneath piston- 20 and valve m'ean-s 1010;-

close somewhat thus reducing the aindunt of elastic fluid supplied to the turbine; This decreases the load carried by the set, whereu n contact arm 84 will move w z m contacted v I The fact that generator 22 tended totake' more than full load indicatedan excesss'upply of Waste heat elastic fluid and with a closing of yalve means 10 thepre'ssure of the Waste heat elastic fluid yviill reach its maximum'value bringing contaet plate 81 into engagement with contacts 82; New, when contact arm 84 engages contact 8512. circuit Will be closed on motor field 96 which may be traced as follows upper supply line 99, conductor 106, conductor 108, contact arm 84, contacts 82, conductor 112, conductor valve means 10 will be under control of contact ammeter 83, the same serving to position valve means 10 through the intermediary of pilot valve bushing 42 to maintain the load on generator 22 at the desired maximum value. Such desired maximum value may be set by adjusting load resistance 90. c

In Fig. 2, I have shown an embodiment of my invention in connection with a back pressure turbine. The arrangement is substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 1 and the same reference numerals have been applied to corresponding parts. In Fig. 2, the turbine 1 supplies elastic fluid through conduit 3 for industrial purposes and it is desired to maintain in conduit 3 a certain predetermined pressure. As is well understood, theadmission valve means of a back pressure. turbine is operated to cause the turbine to take sufiicient elastic fluid to supply through itsexhaust conduit the requirements for lower pressure elastic fluid. It is required, therefore, that when the pressure in the exhaust conduit 3 decreases, indicating an increase in the demand for exhaust elastic fluid, the valve means be 0 ened somewhat, and when the pressure in t e exhaust conduit 3 increases, indicating a decreases in the demand for exhaust elastic fluid, the valve means he closed somewhat.

In this arrangement, the conduit connects cylinder 72. beneath piston 71 directly to exhaust conduit 3, so that piston 71 is moved in response to variations in pressure in the exhaust conduit after the same manner as variations in the pressure. in header 7 8 moves the piston in the arrangement shown in Fig. 1. In the Fig. 2 construction, when the pressure in exhaust conduit 3 increases, piston 71 is raised somewhat thereby lowering pilot valve'60 so as to effect a closing movement of valve means 10. On the other hand, when the pressure in exhaust conduit 3 decreases, piston 71 moves downward raising pilot valve 60 to eflect an opening movement of valve means 10. Thus the arrangement functions to maintain the pressure in conduit 3 substantially constant.

The magnetic fulcrum, comprising plunger 91 and winding 92, and the overload ammeter 83 operate after the same manner described in connection with the construction shown in Fig. 1. However, the contact plate 81 and contacts 82 are omitted in the Fig. 2 construction and the hand-operated switch 98 for motor 56 is arranged somewhat differently from that shown in Fig. 1. In the Fi 2 arrangement, hand switch 98 is utilize to operate motor 56 in either direction. When it is moved into engagement with the upper of its two contacts, motor 56 is operated in a direction to lower pilot bushing 42, thereby eflecting an increase in the opening of valve means 10. It will be noted, however, that this circuit includes the contacts 85 so that an opening movement of valve means 10 can only be effected when contact arm 84 bridges contacts 85, indicating that thegenerator 22 is not overloaded. When either hand switch 98 is moved into engagement with its lower contact, or contact arm 84 is moved into engagement with contacts 86, motor 56 is operated in a direction to raise the pilot valve bushing 42, thereby efiecting a decrease in the amount of elastic fluid supplied to the turbine. In this case, it will be noted that the circuits for the hand switch 98 and for contact arm 84 are in parallel so that they operate independently of each other, either being capable of effecting operation of motor 56. Otherwise, the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 is similar to that shown in Fig. 1 and the operation will be understood from the description already given in connection with Fig. 1. i

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is: V

1. The combination with an elastic fluid turbine having valve means for controlling the admission of elastic fluid to the turbine and means independent of said valve means for fixing the speed of the turbine, of means responsive to an operative condition other than the speed of the turbine for position ing said valve means, and means responsive. to the load on the turbine for preventing said positioning means from opening the valve means to an extent such that the turbine becomes overloaded.

2. The combination with an elastic fluid turbine having valve means for controlling the admission of elastic fluid to the turbine, and a generator driven by the turbine, of means responsive to an operative condition other than the speed of the turbine for positioning said valve means, and means responsive to the load on the generator for preventing said positioning means from opening the valve means to an extent such that the generator becomes overloaded.

3. The combination with an elastic fluid turbine having valve means for controlling the admission of elastic fluid to the turbine and means independent of said valve means for fixing the speed of the turbine, of a fluidactua-ted motor for moving the valve means, a speed governor-controlled pilot valve mechanism adapted to control the admission of actuating fluid to said fluid motor, a second pilot valve mechanism adapted to control the admission of actuating fluid to said fluid mo tor, means responsive to anoperating condi-' tionother than the speed of the turbine for moving the second pilotvalve mechanism,

and means for rendering said last-named means inoperative Whenever said turbine speed-fixing means becomes inoperative.

4..lhe combination With an elastic fluid for fixingthe' speed of. the turbine-,of a' fluid-actuated motor for moving the valve means, a speed governor-controlled pilot valve mechanism adapted to control the admission ofactuating fluid to said fluid-motor,"a second pilot valve mechanismadapted to control the admission of actuating fluid operating condition other than'the speed of the turbine for moving the second pilot valve mechanism, said last-named means be-' ing normally in control, and means for takingjthe control away from such means when the load on the turbine exceeds a certain value. o

5. The combination of a turbine, an al- I tern'ating current generator driven by the turbine, alternating current bus bars to which the generator is electrically connected and Whichserve to fiX' the speed or the generator and turbine, valvemeans for the turbine, speed govern0r=controlled means and means responsive to an" operative condition other than the speed of the turbine for position= ing' said valve means, said speedgovernor controlled means being normally inoperative and said other means being normally opera-j tive, and means for rendering said other.

means inoperative and said speed governor controlled means operative When the genera tor is disconnected from said bus bar's.

nating current generator drivenby the hiltbine, alternating current bus bars to which the generator is electrically connected and which serve to fix the speed of the generator 7 and turbine, valve means for the turbine,

speed governor controlled-means and means responsive to anoperative Condition other than the speed of the turbine for positioning said valve' means; said speedgovernor; controlled means being normally 1nopera-.

tive we said other means being normally operative, means for rendering said other means inoperativeand said speedgovernorcontrolled. means operativewhen' the supply of current" to said bus bars-is interrupted? 7. The combination of a turbine, an" alternati'ng current generator driven by the turbine, alternating current bus bars to which c i UOl 6; The combination of a turbine, an alterspeed t tlie'terbine' 01: positioning said valve means, said speed governor-controlled means for rendering said other means inop'-' erative and said speed governor-controlled means operative when either the generator is disconnected from said bus bars or the supplyof current to said bus bars is inter f rupted. V 1 l 8. The combination With'a turbine having valve mechanism for controlling the supply of elastic fluid thereto, or means responsive to an operative. condition other than the" speed of the turbine for positioning said valve mechanism, said means comprising a lev'er havh-ig a releasable fulcrum, aspeed to said fluid motor, means responsive to angovernor-controlled mechanism adapted to control said valve mechanism, and means re sp'ons'ive to an abnormal operating condition of the turbine for releasing said fulcrum whereby said first-'i'iame'dl means is rendered inoperative and the valvemechanism" is" placed under'control ofsaid sp-eect overnee controlled mechanism.

9. The combination Witha' turbine having valve mechanism for controlling the supply of elastic fluid the'reto, of means res onsive to an operative condition other than the" speed of the turbine" for positioning said valve mechanism, said means" comprising a'f lever having'a' releasable fulcrum, asp'eed' governor-controlled mechanism" adapted to control" said vane me hanism, means 'inde pendent" of saidvalve'means' for fining the speed of the turbine, and means ior releasfmg said fulcrum in case said speed-fixing,

means becomes inoperative Wherebysa'id first-named means becomes inoperativeand the valve mechanism is placed undertonof said mechanism;

re. The combination with a "turbine rev:

ing valve mechanism 7 for controlling the supply of elastic fluid thereto, an alternating' current dynamofelectric machine driven bythe turbine, and bus bars'to which? the dynamo-electricmachine is connected and whichfserve to the speed of the turbine, of means responsive to an operating condi non otherthan the speed ofthe turbine for p'ositioningjsai'd valve mechanism, said means comprising a lev'er'hav'ing areleas'-' speed governoacontrolled able fulcrum, means for said valve mechanism which is normally inactive, and 'meansj for releasi 'ig said fulcrum to render said first-named means inoperative and place the valve mechanism under control of said speed gov ernor-controlled means upon failure of-the connection between the dynaino ele'c'tric machine and saidbus bars.

speed gov rnor-contre11ed- 11. The combinatienvvit'lran elastic fluid turbine, a generator di iv'en' by the turbine, regulating valve means for the turbine, and

means other than a speed governor for fixing the speed of the turbine, of means for supplying elastic fluid to the turbine, means controlled by the pressure of the elastic fluid for positioning said valve means whereby the turbine will be caused to utilize all the elastic fluid available from said supply means, and means responsive to the load on the generator for preventing overloading of the generator.

12. The combination with an elastic fluid turbine, a generator driven by the turbine, regulating valve means for the turbine, and means other than a speed governor for fixing the speed of the turbine, of means for supplying elastic fluid to the turbine, means controlled by the pressure of the elastic fluid for positioning said valve means whereby the turbine will be caused to utilize all the elastic fluid available from said supply means, and means responsive to the load on the generator which functions to prevent said pressure-controlled means from supplying elastic fluid to the turbine to an extent such that the generator is overloaded.

13. The combination with an elastic fluid turbine, a generator driven by the turbine, regulating valve means for the turbine, and means other than a speed governor for fixing the speed of the turbine, of means for supplying elastic fluid to the turbine, means controlled by the pressure of the elastic fluid for positioning said valve means whereby the turbine will be caused to utilize all the elastic fluid available from said supply means, means for rendering said pressure-controlled means ineffective in case said speed-fixing means fails, and means responsive to the load on the generator for preventing overloading of the generator.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 18th day of April, 1927.

REGINALD G. STANDERWICK.

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