US1657228A - Method of picking chromium-iron alloys - Google Patents
Method of picking chromium-iron alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1657228A US1657228A US113336A US11333626A US1657228A US 1657228 A US1657228 A US 1657228A US 113336 A US113336 A US 113336A US 11333626 A US11333626 A US 11333626A US 1657228 A US1657228 A US 1657228A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- scale
- iron
- picking
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000382509 Vania Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSAJUJVSRQTKNM-UHFFFAOYSA-I chromium(3+) iron(2+) pentafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Fe+2].[Cr+3].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] KSAJUJVSRQTKNM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
Definitions
- Cross Reference Enem 1 prevents over-etching of the hydrofluoric Patented J an. 24, 1928.
- LOUIS scnunrn or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO ALLEGHENY srnnr.
- This invention relates to chromium iron alloys and more particularly to a method of pickling or removing the scale from such alloys.
- the chromium iron alloys to which this mvention is particularly directed are those known as rustless or stainless iron and stainless steel.
- the chromium content may vary between 8% and and the carbon content may vary 'depending upon the particular use to which articles made therefrom are to be put.
- the alloy may contain silicon and other metalloids.
- the chromium content is approximately 12% and the carbon content is approximately .12%.
- the scale produced on such alloy when the same is either box annealed or open annealed is extremely diificult to remove.
- the pickling solutions most commonly used contain sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid and certain brightening agents and these not only will not remove the scale from these alloys but they have a tendency to dissolve the alloy itself in preference to the scale.
- An ob'ect of this invention is to produce a metho of pickling or removing the scale from such iron chromium alloys without detrimentally etching or otherwise attacking the alloy itself.
- Thesolution is preferably used cold and the alloy is immersed therem for a length oft1me which varies according to the heat treating method to which the alloy or the articles made therefrom have been subjected.
- a hot rolled sheet can be pickled in a short time, while a hot rolled open annealed sheet takes somewhat longer, and a hot rolled box annealed sheet takes still longer.
- a hot rolled box annealed sheet re aries about three hours in a cold solution. fter the preliminary pickling and after the alloy or articles made therefrom have been rinsed, about 15 .to 20 minutes pickling in a warm nitric acid solution of from 2% to concentrated will be sufficient to remove the activated scale.
- the preliminary pickling can be shortened if the solution is somewhat warmed, but I do not advise a temperature of over 140 F. If the percentage of nitre cake in the preliminary pickle is reduced, the temperature, of the solution may be somewhat raised.
- the nitre cake contains about 28% of sulphuric acid but its high ositive sodium content tends to prevent th1s from dissociating thereby preventing overpickling or overetching by this sulphuric acid content.
- a combination of sulphldes and chlorides of metals thatare positive to iron and chromium may be added to the hydrofluoric acid pickle.
- the reliminary or scale act1vat ng p1ckle must'a ways be followedb a nitr1c acid pickle.
- the theory that I ave proceeded upon is that if the scale is act1vated, 1t 15 made soluble in nitric acid and I believe that in the step of activating the scale, it is converted into a chromium-iron-fluoride which is readily soluble in nitric acid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Description
ZOLbuwu uouw-w,
Cross Reference Enem 1 prevents over-etching of the hydrofluoric Patented J an. 24, 1928.
' UNITED "STATES 1,657,228 PATENT 1 OFFICE.
LOUIS scnunrn, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO ALLEGHENY srnnr.
COMPANY, or nRacxENRInen, PENNSYLVANIA, A conrona'rroN or rn NsYL- .VANIA.
No Drawing.
This invention relates to chromium iron alloys and more particularly to a method of pickling or removing the scale from such alloys.
The chromium iron alloys to which this mvention is particularly directed are those known as rustless or stainless iron and stainless steel. In such alloys, the chromium content may vary between 8% and and the carbon content may vary 'depending upon the particular use to which articles made therefrom are to be put. The alloy may contain silicon and other metalloids.
.In one alloy with which I have had experience, the chromium content is approximately 12% and the carbon content is approximately .12%. The scale produced on such alloy when the same is either box annealed or open annealed is extremely diificult to remove. The pickling solutions most commonly used contain sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid and certain brightening agents and these not only will not remove the scale from these alloys but they have a tendency to dissolve the alloy itself in preference to the scale.
An ob'ect of this invention is to produce a metho of pickling or removing the scale from such iron chromium alloys without detrimentally etching or otherwise attacking the alloy itself.
I have discovered that if hydrofluoric acid is used as a preliminary pickle and then after the alloy has been rinsed is followed by a nitric acid ickle the scale will be removed. I have iscovered, however, that if hydrofluoric acid is used alone as the preliminary ickle, it has a tendency to overetch or it the alloy itself. The hydrofluoric aci apparently activates the scale or puts it.in a state where it can and will be acted upon by the nitric acid ickle. After many trials and experiments, Ihave discovered that the scale can be properly activated without over-etching the alloy itself, if a metal or a metal compound that is positive to both iron and chromium is added to the hydrofluoric acid pickle. Potassium, sodium, calcium, aluminum and zinc are examples of such metals.
As a cheap metal that is positive to both. iron and chromium and that satisfactorily chromium are added to t mz' rnon or PICKLING cnnomrUM-InoN annoys.
Application med. June 2,1926. Serial No. 118,886.
acid, I prefer to use commercial nitre cake. The preliminary pickle which I have found satis a'ctory contams from 1% to 6% hydrofluoric acid and from to 3% nitre cake.
Thesolution is preferably used cold and the alloy is immersed therem for a length oft1me which varies according to the heat treating method to which the alloy or the articles made therefrom have been subjected.
A hot rolled sheet can be pickled in a short time, while a hot rolled open annealed sheet takes somewhat longer, and a hot rolled box annealed sheet takes still longer. A hot rolled box annealed sheet re uires about three hours in a cold solution. fter the preliminary pickling and after the alloy or articles made therefrom have been rinsed, about 15 .to 20 minutes pickling in a warm nitric acid solution of from 2% to concentrated will be sufficient to remove the activated scale.
The preliminary pickling can be shortened if the solution is somewhat warmed, but I do not advise a temperature of over 140 F. If the percentage of nitre cake in the preliminary pickle is reduced, the temperature, of the solution may be somewhat raised.
The nitre cake contains about 28% of sulphuric acid but its high ositive sodium content tends to prevent th1s from dissociating thereby preventing overpickling or overetching by this sulphuric acid content.
When metals that are ositive to iron and he hydrofluoric acid pickle, fluorides of these metals are formed and instead of adding such metals to the pickle, it is possible to add fluorides of the metals above mentioned.
An over addition of chlorides must be avoided in order to prevent a too violent action of the pickle.
If it is desired, a combination of sulphldes and chlorides of metals thatare positive to iron and chromium may be added to the hydrofluoric acid pickle.
The reliminary or scale act1vat ng p1ckle must'a ways be followedb a nitr1c acid pickle. The theory that I ave proceeded upon is that if the scale is act1vated, 1t 15 made soluble in nitric acid and I believe that in the step of activating the scale, it is converted into a chromium-iron-fluoride which is readily soluble in nitric acid.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is a Nev...-
ositive to iron and chromium andvating the scale thereon in a solution containing hydrofluoric acid and the salt of a metal positive to iron and chromium and then in dissolving the scale infa solution containing nitric acid.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 26thday of May, 1926.
LOUIS SCHULTE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US113336A US1657228A (en) | 1926-06-02 | 1926-06-02 | Method of picking chromium-iron alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US113336A US1657228A (en) | 1926-06-02 | 1926-06-02 | Method of picking chromium-iron alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1657228A true US1657228A (en) | 1928-01-24 |
Family
ID=22348857
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US113336A Expired - Lifetime US1657228A (en) | 1926-06-02 | 1926-06-02 | Method of picking chromium-iron alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1657228A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2913360A (en) * | 1958-03-20 | 1959-11-17 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Method of descaling nickel alloys |
| US3043758A (en) * | 1958-12-23 | 1962-07-10 | Ruthner Othmar | Process of electrolytically pickling alloy steels |
| WO2011023319A1 (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-03 | Poligrat Gmbh | Pickling process for high-grade steel |
-
1926
- 1926-06-02 US US113336A patent/US1657228A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2913360A (en) * | 1958-03-20 | 1959-11-17 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Method of descaling nickel alloys |
| US3043758A (en) * | 1958-12-23 | 1962-07-10 | Ruthner Othmar | Process of electrolytically pickling alloy steels |
| WO2011023319A1 (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-03 | Poligrat Gmbh | Pickling process for high-grade steel |
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