US1644572A - Ant ville - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 4', 1921.

J. V. FERRY ET AL METHOD 0F UNDERPINNING Filed Auer. 6. 1926 W/ TNE SSE S Patented Oct. 4, 1927.

UNITED JAMES VINCENT FERRY, OF ATLANTIC CITY, AND ANTHONY PAUL MILLER, OF LEAS-i.

ANTVILLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSlGrN ORS T0 JAMES CO., OF ATLANTIC CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION Ol NEW JERSEY.

METHOD or UNDERPINNING.

Application lled. August 6, 1926. Serial No. 127,664.,

The present invention in its broader aspects is concerned with the provision 0I a method oi underpinning which nia'y have a wide range or utility. lviore specli'lcaiiy however, tlieiinvention while capable ot application in any type or soil, such as clay or coarse sand, nnds its preierr-ed embodiment in aA method 0I underpinning which is peculiarly suitable Ioil worlring in nne sand, sucii as beach sand.

W hen making excavations adjacent a Vbuilding whicnis supported on beach sand, it is necessary to underpin the existing building in order to prevent the sand Ii'oln running out under it during the excavation with consequent settling oi the rooting, both at the exterior and interior oI the building. VAi'he conventionalk method o1 installing such underpinning is to excavate small sections or' sand roin under the outside rooting, and then lill the excavations with concrete. Ater these concrete blocks have set, another section is underpinned in the same manner, and the process proceeds until the entire section o the building to be underpinned is completed. W hen this type ot underpinning is used, it is almost impossible to again excavatev under the underpinning bloclrs, because removal of the sand trom under the blocks will cause them to settle or drop.

We have devised a method which renders it possible .to carry the underpinning ydown as far as desired in accordance with the depth oir' the proposed excavation. ln a preferred embodiment of the method, anuinber o pilings are tirst installed under the tooting, and the weight of the looting sustained by the pilings. Concrete bloclts are then cast under the footing around the piling so that they are securely locked to the piling. It is thus possible after the first course ot blocks have been laid to eXcava-te under them and install a new course, since the upper course will act as a beam to transmit the weight of the building to the pilings, and there is no danger of the upper blocks dropping out or' position, inasmuch as they are hrmly cast to, andinterloclred with the pilings.

UbJects or the invention are to provide a method o1' underpinning which may be expedltiousiy carried out, and which will ai'- l'oi'd a completed structure Well suited to i'ulli'll its purpose 5 particularly to prevent sand irolil running out under the building and causing settling of the interior footing. with the above noted and other objects in view, the invention consists in certain novel leatuies ol construction and combinations and arrangements oi' parts, as will be more rig. Z is a vertical sectional View on the line z-Z of Fig. l.

hig. is a longitudinal sectional detail illustrating the tirst step of the method which consists in installing a piling below the underpinning.

i lig. et is a View at right angles to Fig. 3, showing a wedge entered between the piling and underpinning to transmit the weight of the underpinning to the piling.

Fig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 3, but showing the first concrete block and the grout in place. v

n the drawings we have used the reference character l0 to indicate a building resting upon soil such Aas beach sand. One ot' the outer ootings oi' the building has been indicated at l2, and the .present method is concerned with the provision of means for underpinning the footing in such a manner that excavation work may be carried on immediately adjacent the building without danger of causing either the outer footing or any of the interior footings to settle.

The first step of the method consists of digging a small hole indicated at 13 in 3 and l adjacent the footings, and carrying this excavation inwardly until a small portion of the footing is undermined. The next step consists in installing a concrete piling 14k through the working excavation 13. This step of installing the piling presents a problem in itself. 4lt is almost impossible to jack pipe in line sand, and if jetting is re- Sorted to, to assist the sinking of a steel cylinder, there is great danger' of undermiin ing or settling the building. We preferably install our piling therefore, by the simple expedient of using a post hole digger op erated from a flexible cable to drill a ver tical shaft downwardly from the bottom o1 the excavation 13. A steel shell, such as 15 is then areferably, but not necessarily insert .ed in the shaft, this shell of course being of sectional shape, and being entered one sec` tion after another until it is built up nearly to the footing. f

The shell 15 may be of any desired cross sectional shape, and serves a two-fold pur pose, ln the first place it acts as a reinforcing agent to assure that no sand will be mixed with the concrete when the concrete is poured into the top of the shell. In the second place it acts as a. substantial reinforcement for the concrete piling. It is to be understood of course that the shell is used only where -the load to be carried is great, or where' the soil is of such a nat-ure as to demand its use. 1f desired, mushroom pilings of the character disclosed in our prior Patent No. 1,593,445, of July 20, 1925, might be used. i

After the shaft or the casing, as the case may be, has been filled with concrete, and has set suliiciently, the load of the footing is transferred to the piling by the use of wedges or jacks. llVe have shown a wedge 16 in position, this wedge being driven in to refusal.

The next step is to fill the excavation 13 or a concrete mould which may be placed in the excavation with concrete up to witl'iin a few inches of the bottom of the footing. After the concrete has set sufficiently, the remaining space between the top of the concrete block and the bottom of the footing is packed with a stiff gront- 17 of'cernent mortar or other suitable material.

`The concrete which placed in theV er:- cavation 13 completely surrounds the piling 14 and interloclts therewith. The saine method is carried ont in installing` the remainder of the pilings lil, preferably alternate pilings being` first installed, and then the interspaces between the alternate cen'ient blocks 18 being provided with pilings and filled in.

After the first course, consisting of the blocks 18 has been completed, there will be a substantially beamlilte structure consisting of interlocking concrete blocks and pilings, and we may readily cxcavate under this course of blocks forl installing a second course of blocks 19. A third course of blocks 20 may also be installed if desired, it being understood that the underpinning may be carried down to anydesired depth.

lt will be noted that the 'pilings if used alone, would not effectively prevent the sand from running ont underv the. llllildllg` bQQWQGD them when an adjacent excavation was made. The concrete wall however, Whh is formed by the courses of blocks 18, 19 and'Z() effectively dams the sand under the building, and prevents the possibility of any settling ol' interior footings.

'llie particular number or arrangement of the pilings, blocks, and courses of blocks, is subject to a'wide range of variation, and depends entirely upon the particular job in hand. ilhe pilings maybe arrangedin rows or pairs or staggered as desired. The blocks are preferably corbelled, or staggered rela,A tively to superadjacentand subj acent blocks, and the ends ofthe courses may beA corbelled if' desired. f

ln the event that the underpinning is to method or in the particular construction of the completed underpinning without `departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. 1

We claim: Y y n 1. A method of under-pinning Vbuildings which includes the steps 0f placing a series of concrete pilings beneath the footing of the building to beV underpinned, transform ing the weight of the building to the pilngs, casting concrete blocks toy the upper ends of the pilings and to each-other to produce a beam-,like series of 4interlocked Yconcrete blocks, then excavating under hGJlQlOClS and casting arsubadjacent. series of bloclgs to the pilings. ,Y

2. method of underpinning a building which includes the ,steps of forming an excavation which partially undermines the footing of the building,r Sinking a piling through said excavation. transferring the weight of the l'niilding tothe piling and casting` a concrete block aroundl the upper end of the piling, subsequently similarly sinking additional pilings and casting vadditional blocks until a complete course of blocks has been formed under the footing7 then excavating under the first course of blocks and introducing aseeond subadjacent course.

3. A method of underpinning buildings which includes the steps of supporting the footing of a building on a series of pilings and building a cement wall downwardly from the tops of the pilings by blocks cast to and interlocked with the pilings.

4. A method of underpinning buildings in beach sand which includes the steps of sinking a series of concrete pilings beneath the building footing and building an underpinning wall downwardly from the tops of the pilings to prevent sand from running out from under the building between the pilings when an adjacent excavation is formed.

JAMES VINCENT FERRY. ANTHGNY PAUL MILLER.

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