US1504860A - Bridge - Google Patents

Description

Patented Aug. 12, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

No Drawing.

England, all residing at London, England,

fled binding medium.

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Production of Briquettes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the production of briquettes, and particularly to the production of coal briquettes, and, with coal concentrated from impure coal, coal dumps and the" like.

()ne of the problems in briquetti'ng is to secure an eflicientcoating cles by the binding, medium, such as pitch, tar, resin, and the like.

In the froth-flotatiprocess of concentrating ores as disclosed in Patent No. 835l2(l.t0 Sulman, Pieard and Ballot, of November 6, 1906, and later patents, it is known that the methods therein used for agitating a pulp of ore and Water with an added agent, such as oil, tar and the like, result in a very effective coating of certain mineral particles with the added agent, and an equally effective flocculation of the parti cles which become readily separable from water, and we have now discovered by ex periment that when finely divided coal in suspension in, water is su ijected to similar types of agitation -in the'presence of a liquethe coal particles become readily'and thoroughly coated and also fiocculated.

A feature of this invention, therefore, lies in the making of br-i from carbonized fuel, Whether artificially or naturally carbonized, as coal by a process wherein the powdered coal, suspended in water, is subjected to agitation with a binding medium, whereby the coal particles are coated with the binding medium and lloeculated so as to be readily separable from water.

Again, in the froth-flotation process of concentrating ores it was frequently found desirable to add to the aqueous pulp certain agents which facilitates the segregation f the desired mineral particles. In this spec fication such agents are referred to as fiocculating agents, and it may be desirable to of the coal parti' Application filed August 17, 1920. Serial No. 404.106.

employ such an agent. Further, it is desirable t at such agent, if employed, should itself subsequently assist as a binding agent in the briquetting.

A further feature of this invention, therefore, consists in the employment in the pulp, during the above described agitation, of a floecu ating agent, such as slaked lime, which assists in the flocculation and subsequent draining of the coated coal particles, and also acts as an auxiliary binding agent in briquetting.

'Again, in the froth-flotation process of ore concentration, the action of the air in causing" flocculation and rendering the concentrate articles readily separable from water is Down, and it is a feature of this invention that the agitation of the coal-water pulp with the binding agent is conducted with a greater or less degree of aeration, either by agitation aliecting or accompanied by the introduction of air or by air-agitation.

One process of producing coal briquettes from impure coal, coal dumps and the like, according to this invention consists in crushing the crude material, if necessary, subject ing it to concentration by the froth-flotation process, agitating the concentrates in aqueous suspension with liquefied binding medium, such as melted pitch, with or without tar, resin and the like, and with or Without a flocculating agent, such as slaked lime, so that the concentrated coal particles become coated with the binding medium and flocculated, separating the resultin coal from superfluous water and making tie coal into briquettes.

Example N 0. J.

This test was carried out on flotation concentrates obtained by treating ground coal from a South Durham colliery, a bituminous, coking coals The concentrates contained 15% of moisture, and 470 grammes containing 400 grammes of dry coal were used. The concentrates were made into a 4:1 pulp with Water; While the pulp was being vigorousl agitated and aerated 28 grammes of meted pitch (7% of the dr coal) Were added. The pulp was then fi tered and on examination it became evident that the pitch was distributed over the coal articles, no separate particles of pitch being detectable. The filtered material was then heated, masticated, and kneaded, and fiiially pressed in a die under 300 atmospheres pres are.

The resulting briquette was hard, homoeneous and free from cracks and fissures. %t was superior in all respects to another briguette made from the same concentrates by rying these, adding hard pitch that had been ground to pass 80 mesh, heating, Inasticatin and kneading, finally pressing in a die un er 300 atmospheres pressure.

In the process just described the coated coal is not floated after coating with the binding medium, but this may be done if desired by employing a suitable frothing agent and by conducting the agitation and aeration in a suitable manner. Thus, the agent added may contain a small proportion (conveniently less than 1% on the coal)- of coal tar oil or of cresol, either of which is a very effective frothing agent.

Thus, a modified method of producil'ig coal briquettes according to this invention consists in crushing the crude material if necessary, subjecting it to concentration by the frotluflolation process, agitating the concentrates in aqueous suspension with a liquid agent which affords or contains both a frothing agent and a binding medium, and with or without .a floceulating agent, such as slaked lime, whereby the coal particles become coated with the binding inedium, fiocculated and floated in the form of agglomeratcs supported by bubbles, collecting and draininp the agglomerates and making the moist coal concentrates into briquettes.

Similar coal. concentrates were uscd as in Example No. 1-. After the pitch had been added to the wet pulp, cresol was added at the rate of 1 lb. to the ton of dry coal, and the pitch-coated coal was floated, removed, and filtered, a briquetlc being made by the method described above. The briquette was equally as good as that obtained in the preceding test.

The concentration of the coal by the frothflotation process, and the coatin, of the coal particles with the binding medium may be combined into one single operation which may conveniently be a continuous operation.

Thus, another process of making coal briquettes from impure coal. coal dumps and the like, according to this invention. consists in crushing the crude material, if necessary. subjecting it to concentration by flotation with the addition of a liquid agent which all'ords or contains both a frothiug mixtures thereof.

agent and a binding medium, and with or without a flocculating a cut, such as slaked lime, whereby the con particles become coated with the binding medium, fiocculated and floated in the form of agglomerates sup ported b bubbles, while the angue is not so floate collecting and draining the agglomerates and making the moist coal concentrate into briquettes.

Example N0. 3.

In this test a slurry obtained from a bituminous coking coal, containing 17% of ash, was used, 400 grammes bein made into a 4:1 pulp with water in a Sll( machine; 5% of melted pitch was added and cresol at the rate of l fijlbs. per ton of the crude slurry, and kerosene oil at the rate of 1 lbs. per ton of the crude slurry. The pitchcoated coal was floated, removed, filtered, masticated, kneaded and briquetted, and a briquette was made as described above. The briquettc was of excellent qualities and contained 7 73 of ash.

In cases where it is desired to recover the coated coal as afloat. it is preferred to employ an agitation apparatus of the subaeration type, such, for example, as are disclosed in the patents to Arthur Howard Higgins and one of-us, William W'arwick Steaming, No. 1,155,815, to said Arthur Howard Higgins, No. 1,155,816, and to Thomas Mn:- kellar Owen, No. 1,155,836, each dated 0ctober 5, 1915.

In any of the above described agitations, the aqueous pulp may be heated to any desired degree to assist in disseminating the binding medium over the surface of the coal particles; and as the water is conveniently employed in closed circuit, its temperature can be kept up without much expense.

The result of all of the above described agitations with binding medium prcsei'it is to form flocculntions which are in fact ag glonun-ntions. The agglomerations tend to free themselves from the water of the pulp and therefore a very low moisture content is readily attainable and is much more readily attainable than in the case of froth flotation concentrates from ore concentration.

The binding agents employed may be melted pitch, tar, resin and the like, or d- The flocculating agents may be slaked lime, sodium silicate and the like, referred to as saline flocculatiug agents.

\Vhat we claim as our invention and dcsire to secure by letters patent is l. A process of making bri nettes which consists in suspending suitably ii in water so as to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting the pulp to agitation with a binding medium having an allinityfor solid particles so as to coat them with bindin; medium and agglomerate them, and

ivided solids separating the resulting agglomeraws from pulp l quid and forming the same into bI'iqiIvJtUtlS.

A PZOttfis of nmliing briquettes of carbonized fuel \vliiuli uonuists in agitating the carbonized fuel in suitably divided condition in a fi-zcl v flowing pulpu'itii a binding: medium having an ailiuity f r t-arbonized pai'tivles so as to h -iii t'ttrlionixotl particles with l'iiiulingmo lium Hlltl :igglonwrzitetliem, u l wpttrzxtiug tin l'tMtlillltg' loam-rates from 5 31i}; liquid mu? t'omiiug the sumo into blititlfilliS.

3. A provess oi llltlit'llifj consists in ilfiiu'lt'llll gf I tlivitlutl \(llltlF in water Ht as to im'm :1 tool flowing pulp, fl lill to lllt guiip :1 inoculating :igi'nt owl also a binding Ilt litlf'iL subjecting tlw pulp in agitation wlini-i-hy sulitl particles are? IUtllLtl will: hustling: llictilltill tuitl floct'ultttetl so as to iii; itiltllly wpiuul lo from WfiitItZ r fiiliilatlllg lie voatva'l g'ltirt iti'los fr m su wrfiuous water, and Forming lTltOIll into lirlqut-ttcs.

1-. A process of making lat-it uvttos which t'ousists in suspt mling suitably (ll itlttl solids in wat -1' so as: to form a flttlf, flowing pulp emitting to flu Zllllfltl Stlllllt floo-t-ululing :igsvut amt Elli"? a; binding .uitetlitum subjecting the pulp in guttin WlH'FPllY solid particles :u'v muttwl with binding m2 lium and H06 'illilitl w :uto in i'rtlily s m: lilo from water. sv luiti iug tut main? pm; 44: om sur 'm'ilutiu:-r union and forming than: into lMlQHtlltS.

.\ pioovsq of making briquettes from 'fuvl \Ylllt'll con ists in euspcuding' metliuuu sulijct'tilz" the pulp to agitation, WllGTQllj t-iirlmuizco particles are Coated with bindinginmliiun and ilLKCilltillQd so as to be readily pvialilo from water, separating the coated Pili'tlcltR from supcifluous Water, and forming tilt-u] into liz-iqimtt "llua prot-.tat llitllililg' briquettes of purified material twin impure material which C ll s lit livl'ki iug the impure material iii suitably divided t-onclition whereby Sulfitlttll peiitit-leiis are separnfvtl from in: urities imitating the fitltjltitl particles 1n a freely flowiug pulp with a binding medium having ziliinity for the selected particles 5 to you: sum pfll'll its with binding medium and tfti'llllltlttlifi iiium, anti separating the resultiiw :igglouiumtvs from pulp liquiel anti thv huiiitf into briquettes.

ii. A 'g,-i't tt.- 1 t limiting briquettes of carbonized fool viii, 2 (III in treating im- Plli't? i, i 'l fuel in suitably divided condition so as to qzui'nto impurities therefrom, :igit-uting the purified varlaonized particles in a freely flowing pulp with a binding medium having an Illlllllly for the varbonized partitrlt-s so to mut carbonized particles with litiusliug medium and fi jmnemte them, and gt'gmmting flu! ltfitiiiing agglomerates ii'oiii pulp liquid :thtl forming the same into lu'iqitvttt s.

lHltllZtil lu l in suitably divided condition so its to gt'paiatv iiugluiitivs therefrom, agitoting: tlu puriiiv-o' t-nrlmnizcd particles in a "l li'tiy flowing;- pulp with :i lluirl having an niliuit i'ot' tlultllll ltl'ziijil pzu'iiiflvri so to coat van'liouivlvil itft'iil 'l h t itlt llit lluirl and :iu'gg'loutvl'utw tlmu. i-llttl r tl'iiifililllg tlio resulting t ilfl'iltllt i'ttifi from pulp liquid.

lit. A pimp-w oi limiting fut-l briquettes fr m impure (titlitlliikitui ill uiiitlt consists in sulijmitio t Lfilttlt Hiflitl'iizl in :1 suitably tliviifioti ('ourliwm to couveutmtion by a,

IH'GJCPSS, agitating the concenlltllill ill'liil i'uli trains; in :iquoouss suspension with a binding medium and with it saline inoculating agent i=1! that. lliP tllltt'iill'ili(l i-zirboitizwl particles lwt'ome (onto-1i with the laimiiup; medium ahd llot't-olzttvel, separating tlio rosulting coated [)itl'lit'lt'h' From supm'il mus water, and formlug them into lni gttottvs.

iii. A process of iron: iiupum wiilmumotl fut-l which consists in sulijt-t'tiug the ttittlt lljtlltl'lfll in a suitably (lll'ltlt'fl oomlition to concentration by n fi'otli-ilotulion process agitating the conveiitrzitim in aqueous susptmsion with a liq- :wlit-tl bituminous liimlinpg inc-tlituii and with it Filil lli llot'miintiug agent so that the concenti'utml mtrliunizctl [HH'llUltF liovomo coated with :5 l imliug lltt'illllll} mutt llocoulutetl, wnswrrt tiit- (witwl put-trivia from super- A process of making relatively dry :igglijiincraics of purified, carbonized fuel. which consists in treating the impure carbonized fucl in suitably ilivitlctl condition so as to scpurutc impurities tlicrcfroin, agitoting tiic purified carbon 3d particles in 21 freely flowing pulp, with u suliiciout; amount of a lluid having i111 aiiinily for the carbonized particles to cause them to aggloniciutc but iiu-tulliciciit of the fluid to How on the surface of tho particles after it has r-oulml the Panic. so :is to coat carbonized particles with tiullllltl cud ugglomcrntc Ilium, :uul s piuuting tlic rcsulting agglomoi'zitcs from pulp liquiil. i L

:23. A process of jllillillig briquctics of carbonized fuel which consists in subjecting the criulc material in suitably divided condition to om-entrution by frotli flotation. agitating l'lic vouccutrutcs in u frccly flowing pulp with :1 binding uiciliuiu luiving an utlinity for llu carbonized pui'tirlcs so us to coat curboiiizml purticlcs with binding iiuulium curl ug gli'mici'utc tlicuu and separating the rcsultiu g uggloincixulcs from pulp liquid llnfl forming the some into briquettes.

El A [iroccss of forming relatively dry uggloiucrm of purilicd carbonized fuel which consists in subjecting the crude Inateriul in suitably rli'a'iiicil condition in con- ('culrution by irotb flotation, iagitziting the i-nuvi-umuvs in u frccly flowing pulp with it fluid liming: on zilllillir for the carbonized mrticlvs so as to (out carbonized particles will: tlul'luiil tlllti ug'glonioratc them, and squirming the: resulting ugglomcrutes from pulp liquid.

23. promiss of making briquettes of car-- bouizcil fut-l which. consists in subjecting the Cl'lll'lf' uizuurial in suitubl divided conililion tn (oucciitration by .rntii flotatioiu agitating tliv com-vufiiutcs in a freely fiowlug pulp. Willi mum-m amount of binding lllfllli lli having no uliinity for file CRl'l'JGlk ixwl mitiwlcs to cmiso litL'lll to ngglomci'ztc but iu uilicicnt biiuliu r :nciliuui in flow on ilusui'l'iuc ul llupartivlvs zu tcr it has mum! tlic sumo. so as to coat carbonized pui'iivlcs with biiuling mcilium null agglom- PHllP ilwm. um] scpurating tho resulting agglomcrzih s from pulp liquid and forming tlusumo iuto briqlu-ttes.

2 34 A [JI'OHSH of making relativcl dry :lp louwrnlcs of purified (-urbomzc' fuel \Yilllll vuilsisls' in subjwtiug the crutlc mm tvi'iul n suitzibly eli'viilvii condition to com lllllli lihll by lmlli llotution agitating the l lll 'llill'lllffi in :l ti'ccly flowing pulp, with ulliciv-nt iillillllil of :i fluiil having an afllllll) l' i' llH iilllhil'llll'il puitivlcs to (tillHtP tlu-m to :igglolucmtv but insuflicicut of ibc lllllil in llow m! llic sm'tucc of tho particli-s :il'im' it ha mmlwl l)! umo. so as in mm? i-iiil'iuiiiw-il fritlllifltf u'ilii tlio lllllll iliiti 12g" glomeratc them Eii'ltl scpsrating the resulting ugglomcrutes from pulp li uid.

27. A process of making 'iriqucttcs of carbonized. fuel which consists in subjecting the crude material in suitabl divided condition to concentration by l i'oth flotation, agitating the concentrates in a freely flowing pulp. with material acting as frothing agent ilnll binding medium so as to coat can bonizcd particles and ugglomcratc them and flout agglonicmtos of the particles, and Se arming tho flouting cgglonierates from pu p liquid and forming the agglomcrates into briquettes.

28. A process of makin '1 relativel dry a glomerates of purified carbonized fuel w ich consists in subjecting the crude matori-cl in suitably divided condition to con commotion by froth flotation, agitatin the purified carbonized particles in a reely {lowing pulp with material acting as frothing agent and binding medium so as to coal; carbonized particlcs and agglomernte them and float agglonicratcs of the particles, and separating the floating rag lomeraxes from puloliquid and forming t e agglomerates into briquettes.

29. A rooess of making briquettes of carbonized 1191 which consists in sub'ecting the crude material in suitably divi ed condition to concentration hyfroth flotation, agitating the concentrates in a frecly flowing pulp, with material acting as frothing agent and binding medium in amount sufiicient to cause carbonized articles to agglomerate but insufiicient to tow on the surfoca of the particles after coating the same, so as to coat carbonized particles and agglomerate them and float cg lomcrates of the particles, and separating t o floating agilomerates from ulp liquid and forming t e agglomerat'es into brit ucttes.

30. A process of making relativel dry agglomcrutos of purified carbomze fuel which consists in subjecting the crude materinl in suitably (.ivii'lcd condition to concentration by fffllil flotation, agitating the concentrates in a freely flowing pulp, with material acting .as 'Erothing agent and bind: ing medium in amount su liicient to cause carbonizcil particles to agglomerate but insuliioicnttoflow 0n the surface of the par ticles cftelf coating the sauna, so as to coat carbonizu particles and agglomcrato them and lloiit 'iigglomcratcs'of carlmnizod particles, and separating the floating agglomei-utcs from pulp liquid.

31. A process of making briquettes which consists in suspciuliug suitablv divided solids in water so to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting the pulp to agitation with a binding medium containing a large proportion of hoary ll V(lIl)('llPl)0fiS so as'to coal: solid particles with binding incdiuni and agglomerute them, and aepiiruting the remit.- ing ugglomerutes from pulp liquid utul l'orin ing the some into b iquettes.

312. A process of making briquettes oi (32: bOIllZBtl fuel which eonsnts in agitating th carbonized fuel in suitably divided condition in it freely lowing pulp with u binding medium containing 11 large proportion of heavy hydrocarbons so as to coat the par ticles with binding medium and aggloinernle the particles, and separating the, resulting agglomerutes from pulp liquid and forming the same into bri uettes.

33. A process 0 making briquettes of earbonizecl fuel which CUIlSlSt-S in treating inu pure carbonized fuel in suitably divided condition so as to separate impurities there from, agitating the purified carbonized purticles in a freely flowing pulp with ubinding medium containing a large proportion of heavy hydrocarbons so as to coat carbonized particles with binding medium and agglomerat-e them, and separating the resulting ugglomerntes from pulp liquid and fur iin the same into briquettes.

34. A process of making relatively ill) aiglomerates of purified carbonized l'nel w 10h consists in treating the impure rnr bonized fuel in suitably divideu eondition so as to separate impurities therefrom, ugh tating the purified carbonized pnrticles in it freely flowing pulp with a fluid containing a large proportion of heavy liydroearbons so as to coat carbonized particles with the fluid and :igglomerute then and separating the resulting ugglemerates from pulp liquid.

35. A process of making briquettes of enrbonized fuel which consists in treating the impure carbonized fuel in suitably divided condition so as to separate. impurities there from, agitating the purified call'ionized par ticles in a freely flowing pulp with material acting as l'rothing agent and binding me dium and containing a large proportion of hear; hydrocarbons so as to coatcarbonized particles and ngglomernte them anti float agglonierates of the partioles, and sepnrating the floating ngglon'ierutes from pulp 1i uid and forming the agglomerates into briquettes. i

36. A process of makin relatively clry a gglomerates of purified unionized fuel which consists in treating the impure carbonized fuel in suitably divided condition so as to separate im urities therefrom, agitating the purified car tuned-particles in a, freely flowmg pulp, with material actin as frothing agent and binding medium an containing :1 large proportion of heavy hydrocarbons, so as to coat carbonized particles and agglomernto them and float agglomerates of the particles, and separating the floating ugglomerntes from pulp liquid.

37. A process of making briquettes of carlioniwtl fuel which c nsists in trent'ng ini iuie tEll'lJUlllflitl fuel in t-lllllzllll divided mniliiion mi :u; in separate impurities therefrom. agitating the purified rnrlaunizerl purtir-lee in l'reel fl wing pulp. with :i will (lent uinounl ot ninteriul acting as frotliing agent and binding medium and containing a lurge proporthjin of heavy hydrorurlions to reuse ("ElllltJlllZttl particles to z'iggloinerute but insullieient to {low on the uirluce of the part irlrs :1 Her routing the some. so as to coat enrbonized purticlru and ngglouierate them and lloul ugglonu-rntes of the particles, and sepurztling the llouling inzglunierntes from pulp liquid and forming the ugglomerates into briquettes.

$36, A proves-5 of making relatively dry agglflll ilill'tt-i of purified rurlionizetl fuel which eonsinls in treating the impure carbonized fuel in suitably diridrd condition as to se lnrzite impurities tlierel'runu agitating the purified rnrbonizetl pnrtir'lrs in a Freely flowing pulp, Willi :i sutlirieut amount of material acting as trotliing agent and binding medium and rontnining at large propor tion ul' lu-uvy hydrocarbons lo tiillSt! enrlnmiued particles to ugglonierute but insuilirieut to flow on the surface of the particles ul'ter coating the mine, so as to coat carbonized particles and ngglonnzrate them and float ngglonierntes of t'iti'liulilit'iil particles, and bepnruting the llouting ugglmnerates from pulp liquid.

iii A process of making briquettes of purtieil muterial from impure material which run, is in i-uhierting the impure mar ti-rinl in suitably divided condition to corn eentrnliou by froth llotutimu whereby 5e the levied puriicles are separated from inipuri tics, agitating the selected particles in a freely lowing pulp with a binding medium containing a large proportion of heavy l1ytli'OtJttllJOftS so an to rout Snell pnrtirl s with binding medium and nggloniernte them, and separating th resulting :iggloluerutes from pulp liquid and forming the some into iriquettes.

=10. A process of limiting briquettes of carbonized fuel which consists in agitating the carbonized fuel in suitably divided con (lition in it freely flowing pulp will: u sulficient amount of a binding medium containing a large proportion of heavvhydrucurlions to cause carbonized particles to agglouiernto but insutlirient. binding medium to flow on the surface. of the particles after it has coated the same. so its to rout curborv izei'l particles with binding ineililun and aggloinerute them, and separating the resulting agglomcrutes from pulp liquid and forming; the same into briquettes.

41. A process oi making briquettes of t'lU'lJfllllZCll fuel which tOllFlSlS in treatin impure,cnrbnnized fuel in suitably divide condition so as to separate inzpuriiirs llwre from, agitaiing the purified rm-lmnizwl puriicles in a frroly filming pulp, will! :i Slili lcicnt :immmt (if 22; llliiillll mmlmu: zfulllzllil ing a l; 1 prn" Ttiuu ml iuuvy ilylli llil" lJOllS in filllfi Ldll ll li/A' l imrfirlm in :s; glumemtr but inmllirii-uf l)ill ll1l mmliiuu to How 011 the sinful-0 ul llu purl iilw' :il'lvr it has coated llm Sl'llllfi. an as In (U-ll mu'lmu; ized purlirlos \-'lill liiuiling mmliuu: llllil agglumcrate tlmu. and squirming l'lu' HHlill ing aggloniu 'ates frmu pulp liqniel uxul furniing tllv same info briquultrs.

42. A prurvss of making irlutivi-ly :lry agglonwrates of purified rmlinuixril l'ui-l which 'unsists in treating llir ilupuw -;n'- lH'JHlZGLl fuel in suitably (liviilril rmulilimi so as to srparnlr, illlplil'lliea lime-l: tating tin plzrifiml CzJlJUlllZPd purl a freely fiilll'lllfl pulp mil 3 suiiirirul amuunt [if a fluid :tuuiaining u largo pruportion. of heavy hydrucarlions 1n mum: millimized particles to agglomrsulc liuz' iusuiiiviunl of the fluid to flow on the suri'awu of the particles after it has crusted llw same, $0 as to coat carbonized purtirlvs with l'lll liuiil and agglomerale than and upumliug the resulting: agglu-nm-utia in pulp liquid.

43. A. process 0i hulking lfliillilllfl 0f carbonizad fuel which wmsiel in SlIiljPPllHg the crude materizal in suitably divided romli tion to mncentratim: l1) will iiuliiiiuu, agitai ing the wncvutrutes in a fresrly flowing ulp with a binding medium rimminiugg a liirge proportian of heavy l1y lmmu-lmm l0 as to coat carbonized gimrliulvs iall'll ltiiniling medium and agglfimemte llwm. aml squirm, ing the resulting ugglunwm pulp liquid and forming llit wiles;

4%.. A prnress of rsuiliir r lutiwlx' (lay agglumerates (if FUi'lll -Kl rizrlmuim l i'url wl'iirli ClillSlSi'S in H ll? ling; ll) 11-min inulv rial in 511' 7. ill iii'liiilii wmiiiimi m .irrnfratisu by will fiutz'iiiun, iigilufiug llumu emulates in a fmely fivwing: pulp wii| Ft fluid containing a large pri'i mrtiou (if lmwy hydrocarbons so as to mat carlmnizeil particles with the fluid and agglmueieitr than, and suparuting the rmulliug agglnumrutes i'rnm pulp liquid.

-25. A )mcess of making lu'iqurtles ir-l' rurlJOltlZBd Iuel Whirl mnsixm in sulfie-vliug the, crude material in suitabl (iii illill i'fifilllliilm lo cnncmxtmtiou lly mill ll uei lulu agitating he cnnrentrates in a t'ri-vly liuflififj pulp. will] a suillcient amount. of hurling ilii lllllill cnntainizig a large prnpm'tim; (if limivy hydrocarbons to muse rarlmnizmi panic-la; to agglomera te butiusuilirienf. binding medium to flow on Elie manure: 0f the par iii-ins aftvr it has (mated the sum? 0 am to coat ("urbanized pzufirlvs with binding mmlium flllll agglnrmw'ulo tlwm. and w nk ruling i filing: :zggglmm'l all ii'um pulp liquid and i( '1;1lllfill$ Hr i225 liiliiil-flle i.

if? A prorrss of making relatively dry aglume-rntns of purifiad carbonized fuel which ('OIlSlSl'R in s-zuhjerting lllE rrucle material in Fuiialwly llfllllil :wucli/un to conrrntrafiou l l'njtli iini :12 Emu, agital'iug the CUAHLHI i2:{e'3- in :1. iiiiil) llUHlHLf pulp, with a sufiiricnt mumml 0f :1 f'luiil vmitaining a large proportiwn of l'zlufj. l|j.'ilrurarlwns to cause i=.n' lmnizeil purlirlrs in agglomrrata but insuflirivut m" the fluid to How on the surlm-P ul lIll l pm'livlrs illltl it has mated lllO Silillt', so as u mmmrlmnizeil particles with the fluid uml Hfig'lOlHelulP tlmm, and separating the remilling aggglnnwmlvs from pulp liquid.

4?. A prm'i-ss 11E making briquettes of 0:11- llUlilZiill furl Yi'iilLli consists in sulijvrting lav ('l'lllll mun-rial in suitably divided anuiliiinu m wm-i vurniion by froth flotation,

Billing lilr riunrrnirutrs in a freely flowiug' pulp. will; imf-zj ll acting as 'l rniliiug :igrni :aml llimling mrciium and unnluining :1 large lll'lllllil'llilit ur' heavy hyrlrorzubmis an as in will jiiii l' lliflfiil particles and ugglnmvrarrz xiii-1n and imit a glomerutes of the particlvs. uml squirming the flouting JIQglUiHOJZliE-S ['rmu iulgi liquid and mining flu! zigglmnerui'rs imn briquettes.

48. A ymw s if Bulking relatively dry agglomrmirs r-l purilivcl rarbonizerl fuel which ums si in ;-ul. jwliug Hm crude material in fi iilzlljlj 'Iiikliil l condition :0 conrrntrmim: by l l'lllll Elm- 1in agiml'ing the urilird (urbanized gnu-lirlrs in a frvrly flowing pulp will: i'uiilerizil acting as fi'Ollllllg' agent and binding mi-clium and (outlining a. large propm'tinn (if livavy hydmcarbm'is 10 as to 3 53i- Pfli'bl'lfillllll particli-s and mgr glomamhiz ilwm will float agglnmumles of the 1151?,llClPiZ- um rzrpnruting: flue limiting ugglnms rates l lfil l pul rliquiil aml furmiug is; min briquettes tlw ugglnmerli 49. A )mvr-m milking briqurtles 0f milmnizi-cl furl u l a musieits in subjecting flm i-rmlr material in suitably (llVldtLl rou- (lili-iiu tn vmurrulmlimi by 'llolll flol'atiun, agitating llu: murvuirui'cs in a freely flowingz' pulp, with a sullirient amount 0f mulrerial .ming us withing agvnt and binding me'iilium and (Humming a large propnrlinn {If llmu'y li ulrm-arlmns 50 cause? CfilllOlllZELl particles in ugrglmurraw but il'xsufiiciont to flaw uu i'lw Hlillllifi (if, the particles after wanting llw um: -10 as to coat mu'bonized purlivlrs and :igglmnrmle them and float. agglmuorulrs (if iluparticles, and svpm'nt- Eng tlm iluziiing rigglomerai'es from pulp liquid and forming the agglomerales into frothing agent and binding medium and containing a large proportion oi ln-nvy hydrocarbons to cause carlmnized particles" to agglomerate but insuilicient to flow on the surface of the purticles alter routing the same, so as to floutagglonierates ol' the purl icles, and separating the floating agglomerates from pulp liquid.

51. A process of making briipicttes which consists in suspending; suitably di vided solids in Water so as to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting the pulp to agitation with pitch so as to coat solid particles with pitch and ugglomerute them, and separating the resulting agglomerates from pulp liquid and forming the same into briquettes.

A process of making briquettes of arl)UI1lZL-( l fll(3l which consists in agitating the carbonized fuel in suitably divided condition in a freely thawing pulp with pitch so as to coat. carbonized particles with pitch and :igglomerate them, and separatin the resulting ugglomcrutes from pulp liquid and forniing the same into briquettes.

53. A process of making briquettes which consists in agitating suitably divided solids in a freely flowing pulp with a flocculating agent, and pitch so as 130 coat solid particles with pitch and agglomerato them, and separating the resulting agglomerates from pulp liquid and forming the same into briquettes.

54. A process of making briquettes of purified material fidmg; impure nmterial which consists in subjecting the impure material in suitably divided condition to concentration by froth flotation, whereby selected particles are separated from impurities, agitating the se ected particles in a freely lowing pul with pitch so as to coat such parti les wit: pitch ind agglomerate them. and separating he resulting ag lolncrates from pulp liquid and forming the same into briquettes.

.35. pro ess of making briquettes of carbonized fuel which consists in subjecting the crude material in suitably divided condition to concentration by froth flotation, agitating the voi'u-entrutcs in a freely flowing pulp with pitch so as to coat, carbonized particles with pitch and ugglmnornte them, and separating the resulting uggloinerales from pulp liquid and forming the same into briquettes.

56. A process of making; briquettes of carbonized fuel which consists in subjecting the crude nmterial in suitably divided condition to con entration by froth flotation, agitatin; the concentrates in a freely flowing pulp, with a sulficicnt amount of pitch to cause carbonized particles to ugglomerate hut insullieit-nt pitch to flow on the surface of the particles after it has routed the same, so as to coulcan'lmnized particles with pitch and uggloinerale them, and separating; the resulting aggloinurutes from pulp liquid and forming the same into biimmttcs.

57. A process of making briquettes ol irlmnized fuel which consists in -lllljli time llll' crude material in suitably dividml condi tion to concentration by froth flotation, ugh titling the concentrates in it freely llowing pulp with material ullording u fi'othing agent and containing pitch so as to coal carbonized particles and agglomeratc. them and Heat agglomerates of the particles, and separating the flouting agglomerates from pulp liquid and forming the aggloinerates into briquettes.

58. A process of making briquettes of carbonized fuel which consists in subjecting the crude material in suitably divided condition to concentration by t'rnth flotation, agitating the concentrates in freely fiowin pulp, with a sullicient amount of materia affording a frothing agent and containing pitch to cause carbonized particles to agglomerate but insufiicient to flew on the sur face of the particles after coating the same, so as to coat carbonized particles and egglomerate them and float agglomerates of the particles, and separating the floating agglomerutes from pulp liquid and forming the agglomerates into briquettes.

59. A process of making briquettes which consists in suspending suitably divided solids in water so as to form a freely flowing pulp and subjecting the pulp to agitation with abinding medium having an atlinity for solid particles in amount sufficient to cause particles to agglomerate but; insufficient to flow on the surface of the particles alter coating the same, so as to coat solid particles with binding medium and agglomerate them, and separating the resulting agglomerates from pulp liquid and forming same into briquettes.

60. A process of making briquette of purified material from impure material which consists in treating the impure material in suitably divided condition whereby selected particles are separated from impurities, agitating the selected particles in a freely flowing pulp with a binding medium having an ntfinity for solid particles in amount. sufficient to it use particles to aglomerate buttinsufficieiit. toilow on the surileeof the particles aftiar coating the same, so as to coat such particles with binding medium and agglomernte them, and separating the resulting agglomerates from pulp liquid and forming the same into briquettes.

61. A process of making briquettes of urified material from im aure material which consists in subjecting the impure material in suitably divided condition to concentrnlion by froth flotation, whereby Select ed pttl'lH'lBS are separated from impurities,

agitating the selected particles in a freely flowing pul with a binding medium having an aflinity for the selected particles in amount suflicient to cause the particles to agglomerate but insufficient to flow on the surface of the particles after coating the same, so as to coat such particles with a binding medium and agglonierate them, and separating the resulting agglomerates from pulp l0 liquid and forming the same into briquettes.

of two subscribing witnesses.

WALTER BROADBRIDGE.

EDWIN EDSER.

WILLIAM WARWICK STEERING.

Witnesses HOWARD CHARLES HAWKINS,

KENNETH L. S

TEWARD.