US1503261A - Compressor of air and other fluids - Google Patents

Description

` Patented July 29, 1924. n

FERNND LOUIS BOUSSO'USE, OF IPAIRQIS,k FRANCE, ASSIGNOR, BY IBLlESN'EI ASSIGN- MENTS, TO THE WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKEl COMPANY, OF WILMERDING, PENN- SYLVANIA, .A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

COMPRESSOROF AIB AND OTHER FLUIDS.

l. Application led September 15, 11.321. Serial No, 500,951,

To all whom t may ,coufncernf3 Beit known that I, FERNAND LOUIS BRoUssoUsE, a citizen of the French Re ublic, and 'residingein Paris, France, 4 ue Sante Anne, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Compressors of Air and Other Fluids, of which the following is a complete specification. C

This invention lrelates to fluid compressors and more particularly to a valve mechanism for controlling. the inlet of fluid to the compressor cylinder.

When a uid compressor is run at high speed, it has been'found diicult to charge' the compressor cylinder with iluid on the suction stroke at such a rate that the full free air capacity of thel compressor is approximated.

One objecty ofpmy invention is to provide a iuid compressor having inlet valve means adapted to overcome the above difiiculty.

Another object of my invention is to provide a Huid compressor-having a minimum clearance space so as to increase the efficiency of thewcompressor. i

Another object is to provide a Huid compressor having anI inlet valve mechanism adapted to permit the running of the compressor at a high speed and at the same` time secure a high efficiency rate.

Other objects and advantages will 4appear in the following more detailed description of the invention.

In the accompanying drawing; Fig. 1 is a cetral sectional view of a Huid compress 2 a section on the line A-A of Fig. 1.

As shown-ln the drawing, the fluid come, 40 pressor may comprise the usual casing 'hav-fv mg a compressor cylinder 1 containing piston 3, connected by the usual connecting rod 4,to crank shaft 5. Fluid compressed by piston 3in` piston chamben 6, Hows past outi5 let valve 7 to pipeu 8 and thence to the usual storage reservoir or the of utilization. t

. Disposed in the compressor casing with its axis parallel to the axis of the compressor cylinder 1 is a cylindrical valve chamber 11 and mounted Ato rotate in said chamber are oppositely disposedvalve memldesired point bers 9 and 10 1n the form lof segmentsi of` .bers in contact with the interior cylindrical r embodying my invention; and Fig. p

a cylinder Ifor controllin the admission of Huid to the piston cham er 6. Said members are carried by a rotatable valve rod 12 and interposed between the members 9 and 10Vand the rod 12 are leaf springs 13 and 14, hfor yieldingly maintaining said mem- Walls of the valve chamber l11.

The valve rod 12 is rotated through an operative connectionto the crank shaft 5` such as by providing a pinion 15 on said rod which 'meshes with, another pinion adapted to be driven by a transmission member 14. An inlet or suction port 16 opens into the valve chamber 11 and preferably said vpont opens to a lateral recess 17, as shown in Fig. 2,.so as to ensure a full inlet from the port 16 to valve chamber 11 when desired. Controlled by' the valve members 9 and 10 are a series of orifices 18, 19, and 2O through the wall between the valve cham.- ber 11 and the piston chamber 6 which provvide communication from the valve chamber 11 to the piston chamber 6, said' orices orports have a decreasing sectional area` Vfrom the end of the suction stroke to the pmpression end of the cylinder, as shown in 30 'n order toy lubricate the compressor, the valve rod 12 is provided with a rod elftension 21, at the lower end of which is operatively connected an oil pump l22. The oil 'pump is ada ted to force oil in the oilS chamber 23 trough a passage 24 into an outflow groove. or trough 25 and thence` the oil` is taken up'by a blade 26, carried by the connecting rod 4, so as to lubricate the Vparts (onthe splash system.

In operation, with 'the piston 3 inthe position shown im Fig.. 1 with the crank vat 90, `the valve members 9 and 10 will shown in Fig. 2 so that the inlet ports 18, 19,

and 20 are fully open in, this position.

At the end of the suction stroke or the beginning of thecompression stroke, the valves 9 and 10 are rotated so that the port 18 isA closed and the` ports 19 and 20 are partially closed.

lt will now be seen that on the up or compression stroke, the ports 18, 19, and 20 are either wholly or partially closed by the valve members 9 and 10, so that the pressure of fluid as it is" compressed in the piston chamber 6 acts through the ports 18, 19, and 20, on the valve members 9 and 10, but as the piston 3 moves upwardly, the ports 18,

. 19, and 2O are successively cut off by the piston 3 and the surface of the valve members 9 and 10 exposed to this pressure is reduced, on the one hand, by the 'piston 3 covering the ports and on the other hand by the decreasing area of the ports. The areas of the ports 18, 19, and 20 are so calculated and the ports are so vpositioned that although the pressure in piston chamber 6 increases /as the piston moves up on its compression stroke, the eli'ective pressure actin through the ports 18, 19, and 2O on the va ve members 9 and 10 will always be less than the pressure of the .springs 13 and 14 tending to hold the valve members seated.

It will thus be seen that the valve members 9 and 10 may be held seated by means of light springs and thus frictional resistance to rotative movement of the valve members is 4aninimized.

On the suction stroke, the area of the inlet ports increases as the piston moves down and an unobstructed, free open communication is provided for the inlet of fluid from the port 16 lto the piston chamber 6. The area of the inlet ports increases as the piston 3 moves downwardly on its suction stroke, thus ensuring a rapid charging of the chamber with fluid and thereby providing a compressor'of increased elliclency, the efliciency being lar e `dependent upon the amount of free lui which can bev taken in on the' suction stroke.

The fluid yinlet being controlled by ppsitively moving mechanically controlled valves, the admissionv of fluid will be early and there will be no throttling .of the inlet orifices, even when the compressor ris run at very high speeds, such as would be the case with the usual type of inlet valve.

Since the inlet valve members constantly rotate in the same direction Without reversal. the running of the compressor at a high speed is greatly facilitated. Since no space open to the compressor cylinder is required for inlet valves of the usual type, the clearance or dead space 1s reduced to a minimum, which further increases the eiiiciency of the compressor.

The arrangement of the inlet ports in the Walls of the piston cylinder permits lubrication of the valve members 9 and 10 by the passage of lubricating oil from the piston chamber 6 through the ports 18, 19, and 20 to the valve members 9 and 10.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a fluid compressing cylinder, a piston therein, and a fluid inlet port positioned to be covered by said piston before said piston has moved to the end of its compression stroke, of a valve chamber into which said inlet port opens and a rotating valve for controlling. said port.

2. In a fluid compressor,` the combination, wlth a fluid compressing cylinder, a piston therein, and a fluid inlet port positioned to be covered by said piston before said piston has moved to the end of its compression stroke, of a valve chamber into which said inlet port opens and a rotating spring pressed valve for controlling said port.

3. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinder and a piston therein, of a cylindrical valve chamber having its axis parallel with the axis of the compressing cylinder, an inlet port connecting said valve chamber with said cylinder, oppositely disposed cylindrical valve members rotatably mounted in said valve chamber for controlling said port, and a spring for yieldingly pressing each valve member to its seat.

4. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinder and a piston therein, of a valve chamber, an inlet port connecting said valve chamberV with said cylinder and controlled by said piston, and a valve for also controlling said port, the relation of the parts being such. that the inlet port is first opened by the movement of the valve and is then uncovered by the piston on its suction stroke.

5. vIn a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylindery and a piston therein, ot a valve chamber, an inlet port amasar let port is first closed by the movement of the valve and is then covered by the piston on its compression stroke.

6. In a iuid compressor, the combination With a compressing cylinder having a plurality of inlet ports in the cylindrical Wall of the cylinder and a piston in said cylinder controlling said ports, of an inlet valve for also controlling said ports and means for operating said valve.

7. In a fluid compressor, the combination With a compressing cylinder having a fluid inlet of diminishing cross section andv a piston in said cylinder controlling said inlet, of an inlet valve for also controlling said inlet.

8.l In a fluiddzompressor, the combination with a compressing cylinder having a lplurality of inlet ports of diminishing areas and disposed in longitudinal alinement and a piston in said cylinder controlling said ports of an inlet valve for controlling said ports. y

9. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinder having a plurality of inlet ports having areas which successively decrease toward the end of the compression stroke, a piston in said cylinder` controlling said ports, and an inlet valve for also controlling said ports.

10. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinder having an inlet port area which diminishes toward the end of the compression stroke, of a p-iston in said cylinder controlling said port area, the port area open to the compressing side of the piston lduring the compression stroke being inversely proportional to the pressure ofiiuid compressed and an inlet valve for also controlling said ports.

1l. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinder and a iston therein., of a cylindrical valve cham er in axial alinement with the compressing cylinder, the dividing Wall between said cylinder and said chamber having a plurality of inlet ports of varying areas andan inlet valve in said chamber for controlling said ports. y

l2. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinder and a piston therein,"of a cylindrical valve chamber in axial alinement with the compressing cylinder, the dividing Wall between said cylinder and said chamber .having a plurality of inlet ports of varying areas, an inlet valve rotatably mounted in said chamber for controlling said ports, and means for rotating said valve.

13. In a iuid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinder having a plurality of inlet ports of varying crossA section and a piston in said cylinder controlling said ports, of a cylindrical valve chamber in axial alinement With said cylinder with.

which said ports communicate, cylindrical valve means rotatably mounted in said chamber for controlling said ports, and means for rotating said valve means.

In testimony I have hereunto set my hand at Paris (France), this 26 day of August 1921.

FERNANI) LOUIS BROUSSOUSE.

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