US1585618A - Yarn and process for making the same - Google Patents

Description

May 18 1926.

J. A. HEANY YARN AND raocqss FOR MAKING THESAME Original. Filed Jan. 9. 1924 INVENTOR John Al/en flea/7y 'ITORNEY Patented May 18, 192s.

" together and UNITED STATES 1 1,585,618 PATENT OFFICE.

. JOHN ALLEN HEANY, OF NEW QONNECTIGU'I, ASSIGNOB T0 WORLD BES'IOS CORPORATION, OF PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, 1 CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

YARN m rnoonss non. -mxmc ran sum. 1

Application nled January 9, 1924;8gria1 1T0. 5,091. Renewed January 28, 1926.

:This invention relates to asbestos yarn alnd a process for manufacturing the same from asbestos pa er-like material which may be in the form 0' paper-like strips or bands. More specifically, the invention contemplates working' and forming into a strand a paper-like strip or band of asbestos mate'ria bound together with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, and subsequently uniting the strand with afilamqntary body such as a wire and twistin the two elements together so-that the lament is wrapped and twisted about the exterior of the strand to form a completed arn.

An object of the invention therefore, is the lprovision of a process by means of whic a stable and tenacious yarn is formed by the application 'of a filamentary body to a yarn strand, subsequent to the formation of a strand of the materialnsed- Another object of the invention is the utilization vof a method of manufacture for yarns of nonecoherent asbestos material, in which a reinforcin filament is applied'to the material in suc revent stripping and disintegration of t e completed fabric through friction. Another object contemplated is the utilization of a process in which the number of cssentialsteps required in the manufacture of the yarnis reduced to a minimum. An object of the invention also is the utilization in a yarn m'akin process of non-coherent asbestos materi' in the form of a er strip and the subsequent binding of this strip to give reinforcement and strength thereto. An objectalso contemplated is 'the provision of a method of manufacture for yarns in which a more or less rigidsupporting or reinforcing element such as metal wire is ap lied preferably in helical arran ement to the body material of the yarn wli ile still moist, so that the wire binds into and masses the material in a closely compacted fabric.

Further ob ects' are contemplated in the provision of mechanism wherein the ap-- and in th'e production of an article'of manu-' facture' iii a tenacious and flexible a way asto bind the material.

filament is twisted with or twined around the body material to hold the same properly compacted and unified.

For the purpose of this disclosure there is shown a specific embodiment of mechanism for carrying out the invention, in which y iglire 1 is a View partly in perspective and partly in section, showing diagrammatic'ally the various essential steps of the- 18, 1921., a process and mechanism is described by means of which yarn is manufactured from asbestos material, reinforced by a filament, the filament in this instance, however, bei incorporated as a core within the yarn b y material which is formed of thin asbestos paper. In making theasbestos paper, asbestos material is formed into a pull and passed through an ordinary paper Ina ing machine to form a web, which is rolled up in the usual manner. This web, which inthe pa er making operation has been rendered ciently dry and compact to have the necessary strength, is separated by a slitting machine into narrow strips to be utilized in the manufacture of yarn. Satisfaetor results are obtained by combining with tlie asbestos material in the pulp suitable binding material, which serves to increase-the strength of the finished web or paper thus rendering it suitable for manipulation in the 'yarn'making operation. In the asbestos paper thus formed the ashestos material may be bound together with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations. 'In this process, application is made of a rubbing belt mechanism which manipulates the material in such a manner as to completely coat the core. While yarn made to-this processis useful, in some instances however, it has been found dis advantageous, especiall where a single strand was desired, to We the core com-- 947, filed to the condense 14,-. e the action at:

. l pletely covered by fibrous material, inasmuch as the outer surfaces of the yarn were being constantly subjected to frictional influences and to impacts from oustide bodies,

6 thus tending to disintegrate the fabric. In-

the resent application, applicant has pro vided a mechanism and process by means of which the reinforcing element is applied to the exterior of a non-coherent body material 10 in such a way as to hold the same constantly in position and tend to retard disintegration by wear and tear.

Referring to Figure-1 of the drawing, there is shown a spindle 10, upon which is mounted a plurality of rollers 11, of tape,

the same being in the form of paper 12,

in narrow strips.-

The paper 12 used in the process herein described is formed preferably of fibrous mineral material such, for example, as asbestos material. For the manufacture f yarn for use in brake lining, friction clutches, and various heat insulating fabrics,-

a paper made of asbestos fibre held together by a binder, such as starch, as described in my co-pendin application Serial No. 692- Feb. 15, 1924, has been found highly desirable.

The paper strip 12, as placed upon the spindle 10, is adapted to be subjected to a series of operations, the'major of which includes action of a 'moistener 13, a rubber 14, and a twister 15, these various mechanisms being placed in juxtaposition suit able for consecutive operation upon the tape or paper strip 12. The strip 12 passes to the moistener 13, over the, guide roll 16, and in the moistener is subjected to the action of a roller 17 which has bearings in the walls of a container 18. Within the container 13, liquid is placed, water, forexample, and the rotation of the roller 17 carries the li uid on its surface up into contact with t e paper strip '12, thereb moistening the same and loosening the bin er which, in

the manufacture of the aper has been mixed u with the fib resto ho d the same together. 0111 the mfilsteher, the strip is carried and is there subjected adjacent belt structures, "18 and 19. beltstructures are each formed of a sin'gl continuous web 20, mounted upon rollers 21- and 22, and are adapted to have movement not. only in a forward 5 direction, as indicated by the arrows, but

This combined lateral re 3. During the shaping into a strand, the paper strip is closely creased or crinkled.

The strand 23, while in this moistened condition; is then united with a filament 24 as, for example, a flexible metal wire, the same being wound upon a bobbin 25, positioned adjacent the rubber 14, as indicated in Fi 1. Both wire 24 and strand 23 are passe over a guide roll 26, and thence into the twister 15, where the two combined elements are subjected to a twisting operation for the purpose of twining the filament closely about and into the material of the fibre constituting the yarn, the finpl product being as indicated in Fig. 4 of the drawings.

The twisting mechanism employed, includes apparatus controlling the twisting of the strand, as well as the feed or the number of twists per unit length. To a hollow sleeve 30, through which the combined strand and filament are adapted to have passage, is attached at its upper end a pulley 31, grooved at its periphery to receive a drive belt 32. The base of the sleeve 30 is attached to a cross bar 33, the ends of which support stub shafts 34, these shafts serving as means of support for the guide rollers and 36. The bases of the shafts 34 rest upon a second cross bar as 37 subtending from which on its ends are guide rods 38, terminating in guide loops 39. A guide loop 40 also is fixed to the cross bar in 37. The twist mechanism, as above described, is supported from a base 41 by means of a standard 42, the same being attached to the central por tion of the cross bar 37.

The mechanism of the twister is embodied in a sleeve 45 to the top of which is" attached a pulley 46 grooved at its periphery to receive a drive. belt 47. On the base of this sleeve 45 is attached a gear wheel 38, adapted to mesh with pinions 49 secured to ,the tops of the stub shafts 34. Bracket plate 50 holds the sleeve 45 in proper relationship to the rest of the mechanism.

From the description above indicated, it is apparent-that the strand elements are subjected to a combined action, a twisting operlion inducedby the rotation of the pulley .31, and a secondary twist operation depend- GIllL-"l lpOIl the speed at which the yarn is fed into the twister, this speed being dependent upon the rotation of the pulley 46; and to attain this result, the combined units are led through the sleeve 30 about a guide roller 50 around loops 35 and 36, and through guide loops 40 and 39, and thence to the spool 50 upon which the completed yarn is wound in layers.

The mechanism for facilitating the winding of the yarn about the spool 51 is indicated as including a lever 52 pivotally mounted at 53, the longer arm 54 terminating in a roller 55 adapted to have contact with the base of the spool 51, and the shorter arm 56 terminating in a roller 57 adapted to have operative contact with a heart-shaped cam 58, pivotally mounted at 59. In view of v or the purpose of this disclosure, the

means for loosening the binder of the strip has been indicated as a moistener 13, but other means may also be provided which ac.-

complishes a closely similar result. For example, by inechanlcal manipulation of the paper, including flexure without moistening the same, the binder may be readily removed from the paper, or where asbestos strip is emplo ed, the binder may be completely reinove by the application of heat. It is further pointed outthat in the process herein involved, it is not essential that the hinder be completely removed from the paper. In fact, in some instances it is desirable that a portion of the binder remain in the fibre, inasmuch as after the process has been completed and the product dried, the binder resets and tends to add greater rigidity to the structure. Moreover, it'is possible to fabricate a yarn without loosening the hinder in the strip, merely subjecting the paper to the rubbing action which tends to loosen the paper structure and subsequently twisting the same with a reinforcing cord. The

specific method utilized in the process by means of which a wire is incorporated with the paper at the inception of the twisting operation, tends markedly to heighten the degreeof success attainable in this variation of the process.

Still another consideration is involved in the number of elements constituting the final yarn. As indicated in Fig. 1 it is possible to use two or more paper strips, a second paper strip 60 being shown as fed over a roller 61. Beneath is the roller 16, the strip -of paper 12 being directly above strip '60 and entering the rubber 14, one beneath the other and these being subjected to a simultaneous manipulation. Likewise two or more filaments may be utilized to form the single complete yarn, an additional spool and filament 66 being shown in Fig. 1. \Vhere a final yarn of very great tensile strength and coherence is desired, the addition of a number of additional paper strips and filamentary wires is desirable,

the number of said added elements being readily modified in the manufacture of the yarn.

Attention is directed to the fact that the twisting operation is not limited to the strand within the twister, but the twisting elfectis transmitted above thetwister to section 70 of the strand, intermediate the roller 26 and thetop of thetwistcr. This section of partially twisted material is a desirable characteristic of the process, inasmuch as the material is more or less nomcoherent at this point and subject to rupture, the twist of the Wire, however, serving as a reinforcement to maintain the material in position. Subsequent to its entry into the twister, the filament is. wrapped closely around the fibrous material of the strand in accordance With-the nature of the feed of the mechanism, thus closely compacting and binding the two elements together in their final form.

Itshould be understood that the term asbestos material, wherever it appears in the-specification and claims, is intended to refer to material having a substantial per- Bil centage of asbestos fibres, such as to give more or less the characteristics of asbestos as far as working and handling are concerned, and 'the term asbestos material where used in the specification and claims shall be considered as thus defined It should also be understood that the term coreless strand? wherever it appears in the specification and claims, is intended'to refer to a strand in which there is no reinforcement of the asbestos paper-like material by means such as metallic or non-metallic lilaments, threads, and the like.

Other variations and'modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains and it is therefore desired to cover the same broadly as well as specifically, as indicated by claims hereto appended.

Furthermore, it is to be expressly understood that-I do not in any wise limit my self to the apparatus herein illustrated and described in the practice of my method. The apparatus shown is for illustrative purposes and to enable others to understand the invention and to practice the method. Obviously apparatus, other than that shown herein, may be therefore employed in practicin my invention.

W at is claimed is:

1. A process for making yarn of paper stripwhich consists in loosenin the binder therein subjecting the strip to t e action of forwardly progressing and transversely rcciprocating surfaces to form a strand, writ ing the strand with a filament, and finally twisting the strand with the filament to form a yarn.

2. The recess for making yarn or paper strip whic consists in loosening the binder of the paper strip, transversely manipulating the strip to form a yarn, uniting the strand with a filament, and finally twisting the strand and filament together.

3. A. process for making yarn of paper Dll lltl

llll

. strip which consists in moiste'ning the strip,

sub ecting the moistened strip to the action of laterally reciprocating surfaces to form a strand, combining the strand with the filament, and twisting the strand and filament together. t

4. A process for making yarn of paper strip which consists in m'oistening the strip, subjecting the moistened strip to the action of forwardly moving and laterally reciprocating adjacent surfaces to form a strand, uniting the strand with a filament, and f1- nally twisting the strand with a filament to form a yarn.

5. The process for making yarn of paper strip which consists in partially removing the binder of said strip, subjecting the, strip to the action of laterally reciprocating surfaces to form a strand, combining vthe strand with the filament, and, subsequently twisting the filament about the strand to form a 'arn. 3 6. The process for making yarn or paper strip which consistsin subjecting the strip to the action of forwardly moving and laterally reciprocating adjacent surfaces to form a strand, and twisting the strand with a filament,

7. The process for making yarn of paper strip which consists in laterally rubbing the strip to form a strand, and twisting said strand simultaneously with a filament to form a yarn.

8. The process for making yarn of paper strip which consists in rubbing the strip laterally to form a strand, uniting the strand with a filament, and loosely twisting the filament and strand together.

9. The process for making yarn of paper strip which consists in laterally rubbing said paper strip to form a strand, combining the strand with a plurality of filamentary reinforcing elements, and twisting together said elements and strand to form a yarn.

10. The process for making yarn of paper a strip which consists in subjecting the paper strip to the action of forwardly progressing and laterally reciprocating surfaces to form a strand, uniting the strand with a plurality of reinforcing elements, and twisting thestrand and elements together to form a yar ni 11. The process for making yarn of paper strip which consists in loosening the binder of said strip, subjecting the strip to the action of forwardly moving and laterally reciprocating surfaces to form a'strand, uniting the strand with a filament, and subjecting said united filament and strand to an initial loose twist and a subsequent close twist to form a yarn.

12. A process for making yarn out of a plurality of paper strips which consists in loosening the binder of said strips, simultaneously subjecting the strips to the action of forwardly moving and laterally recip oeating surfaces, uniting the strips with a filament, and twisting said strips and filament together to form a single yarn.

13. A process for making yarn out of a purality of paper strips which consists in loosening binder in the strips, subjecting the strips to the action of forwardly moving and laterally reciprocating adjacent surfaces, combining the strips with a plurality of reinforcing filamentary elements, and finally twisting said reinforcing elements and strips together to form a yarn.

1.4. A process for making yarn out of a plurality of paper strips which consists in loosening binderin' the strips, subjectipg the strips to the action of forwardly'moving and lateral] reciprocating adjacent surfaces, combining the strips with a plurality of reinforcing filamentary elements, and finally twisting said reinforcing elements and strips simultaneously together to form ayarn.

'15. The process of making yarn of paper like strip which comprises moistening and rubbing 'said strip to form an unreinforced yarn and twisting said yarn with a reinforcing filament, while still moist and to twine said filament closely about and into said yarn.

16, The process for making yarn of a strip of asbestos paper including binding material to hold together the fibres thereof, whichconsists in treating the strip to render the binding material more workable, directl shaping the strip to form a corelcss strand. and thereafter twisting t-he coreless strand with a reinforcing element;

17. The process for making yarn of asbestos paper strip containing bindin material to hold together the fibres thereo which consists in directly subjecting the strip to the action of forwardly moving and laterally reciprocatin adjacent surfaces to form a coreless strani and thereafter twistmg the careless strand with a filament.

18. The process for making yarn of asbestos paper strip containing binding material for holding together the fibres thereof, which consists in laterally rubbing the strip to form a coreless strand, twisting said corcless strand to form a coreless preliminary yarn, and thereafter twisting said coreless preliminary yarn with a reinforcing element to form a final yarn. A

19, The process for making the yarn of asbestos paper strip containing binding material for holding together the fibres thereof, which consists in forming the strip into a round coi'closs strand in which the strip retains its paperforma'tion, twisting the core less strand to form a coreless preliminary yarn. and thereafter combining the coreless preliminary yarn with a reinforcing element lU form a final yarn.

2!). A continuous process of forming yarn which consists in forming an asbestos paper" sha , the coreless' stri directly into a coreless strand, twisting saicFcoreless strand between two fixed points as the strand is advanced, and applying to the coreloss strand at an intermediate oint a reinforcing element to be twisted t erewith to form a yarn.

21'. A continuous process of'forming yarn consisting inshaping an asbestos paper strip into a round coreless strand, twisting strand between the point where the shaping operation terminates and a fixed point,- and applying to the coreless strand at an intermediate point a reinforcing element to be twisted with the coreless strand already formed. y

22. The process ofmalring yarn which'includes forming a aper-like strip of asbestos material in whic-i the fibres are held togather by suitable workable binding material, directly forming said strip into a core- ]ess strand, and thereafter combining said coreless strand with a filament to form a yarn.

23. The,p,rocess of making yarn which includes forming a paper-like strip of asbestos material in' which the fibres are held together by workable binding material, lnoistening the strip to render the asbestos material and binding material more workable, directly forming said strip into a coreless. strand, and-thereafter twisting a filament with said coreless strand to form a yarn.

24. The process of makin includes forming" a paper ike strip of asbestos material iniwhich the fibres are held together by workable binding material, directly forming the strip into a round coreless strand in which the strip retains its strip formation. and forming fromsaid coreless strand by twisting a filament with the same. I

25. In a process of making asbestos yarn, the following steps; forming paper from asbestos 'material and sufliclent workable binding material as to permit slitting the paper; slitting the paper into strips; and ing and twisting a strip of such paper to orm a coreless preliminary yarn therefrom, and thereafter-combining a filament therewith to form a final am.

2 In a process of making asbestos yarn, the following steps; forming paper of asbestos material and 'workable binding material securing together the fibres of said asbestos material; slitting the finished paper into strips; shaping one of said strips to form a ooreless @rand; and combining the coreless strand thus formed with a filament to form a yarn.

27. In a process of making asbestos yarn, the following steps; forming a pulp containing asbestos material and a workable binder; passing the pulp through a paper making machine and winding the finished asbestos of said coreless stran -asbestos material into a ing saidmoreless pre yarn which a yarn the p er from ng mac inc and paper into a' roll; ru'nnin said roll through a slitt rewinding the stri thus formed; forming a coreless strand Kim each .of said strips, and thereafter twistin a filament with each I to form final yarns. 28.' A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabr cs and other purposes, which comprises binding and forming thin uniform paperlil're strip or band .of sufficient cohesiveness and tenaoityjo undergo-subs uent strand and yarn forming operations, ormi said strip or band into a coreless stran'cfi and thereafter combining said coreless strand with a filament to form a yarn,

'29. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which com rises binding and forming asbestos materia into a thin uniform paper-like strip or band of sufficient cohesive ness and tenacity to undergo subs uent' strand and yarn forming operations, gorn'r ing said stri or band into a ooreless strand, twisting sai coreless strand to form a core less preliminary yarn and thereafter twist- 'minary yarn with a reinforcing filament to form a-final yarn.

30. A method of makin for the manufacture of fairies and other purposes, which comprises bindin and forming asbestos material into a. than uniform paper-like strip, or band of suflicient cohesivness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and working said strip or band to form a' coreless strand, twistm said co'reless strand to form a coreless prel minary yarn, and there-. after combining said coreless reliminary yarn with a filament to form a filiial yarn.

31. A method of making asbestos am for the manufacture of fabrics and 0t er purposes, which' comprises bindin and form mg asbestos material into a thin moist uniform paper-like strip or band of suflicient cohesiveness and tenacit' to undergo subseguent strand and yarn ormin operations,

orming said moist strip or and into a moist coreless strand, and thereafter combining said moist coreless strand with a filament to form a a1 yarn.

v 32. A method of making the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paperlike strip or band of suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to unedrgo subsequent strand and yarn forming o rations, softening said strip or band, WOIIEGD said softened strip or band to form a corel ess strand, and thereasbestos yarn yarn forming operations,

asbestos yarn for I Ill) "for the manufacture of fabrics and other urposes, which com rises binding and orming asbestos material into thin uniform aper-like strips or bands of sufficient -coesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations,

working said strips or bands to form coreless strands, and thereafter twisting each of said coreless strands together with one or more filaments to form a yarn.

35. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other pur poses, which comprises binding-and forming asbestos material into thin uniform paperlike strips or bands of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, moistening said strips or hands, working said moistened strips or bands to form moistened coreless strands, and thereafter twisting each of said coreless strands togethenwith one or more filaments to form a yarn.

36. The recess of making asbestos yarn, which consists in binding and forming asbestos material into a paperdike strip of suificient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, forming said strip or band into a loosel twisted coreless reliminary yarn,

' and t ereafter tightly twisting said prelim inary yarn with a filament to form a final yarn.

37. A process of making asbestos yarn,

'which consists in binding and forming asbestos material into a paper-like strip or band of sutficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, advancin said strip or band, moistening the strip or and as it advances, forming said band while moist into a loosely twisted preliminary yarn, and thereafter tightly twisting said preliminarv varn with a filament to form a final yarn.

38. An asbestos yarn consisting of a coreless. strand formed of a twisted strip or band of asbestos material bound into paper of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations, and a filament twisted about said coreless strand. 7

39. An asbestos yarn consisting of a corc less strand formed of a twisted group of strips or hands as asbestos material bound into paper of sufiicient cohesiveness and tonacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations, and a filament twisted about sai coreless strand. r

40. An asbestos yarn consisting of a coreless strandformed of a twisted group of strips or'bands of asbestos material bound into paper of sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations, and at least one filament twisted about said group.

41. An asbestos yarn consisting of a twisted coreless strand formed of at least one strip or band of asbestos material bound into paper of suificient cohesiveness and tonacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations, and aplurality of filaments twisted about said coreless strand.

42, An asbestos yarn consisting of a twisted corelessstrand formed of at least one strip or band of asbestos material bound into paper of sufii'cient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming, operations, and at least one filament twisted about said coreless strand.

43. An asbestos yarn consisting of a rounded coreless strand formed of at least one strip or band of asbestos material bound into paper of sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity, to undergo strand and yarn forming operations, and at least one filament combined withsaid coreless strand.

44. An asbestos .yarn which comprises a coreless strand formed of strips or hands interengaged to retain the strand formation and formed of asbestos material bound into paper of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming opera tions, and at least one filament combined with said coreless strand. I i

45. An asbestos yarnwhich comprises a rounded strand without internal reinforcement and formed from a strip or band of asbestos material bound into paper of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations, and a reinforcing filament twisted about and impressed into said strand.

46. The process for making yarn of a paper-like strip or bound together with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations, which includes directly shaping the strip or band to form a poreless strand, and thereafter combining the coreless strand with a filament to form a yarn with the filament arranged helically around the coreless strand.

47. The process of making asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which comprises mechanically forming said paper-like material directly into a coreless strand, and mechanically uniting raid corele'gs strand and one or more metallic filaments in a gun band of asbestos material form a final terial without-reinforcement, and thereafter or bands mechanically inents helically about said rounded-paperlike material,

49. A method of making asbestos yarn from paper-like strips or band; of asbestos material bound with sutlicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, comprises mechanically bringing together a plurality of said strips into a group, mechanically roundgroup of strips or bands without in said reinforcement, and thereafter mechanically applying one or more filaments helically about such rounded group of strips or bands. 7

50. A method of making asbestos. yarn from paper-like strips or bands of asbestos material bound with suflicient and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, which co nprises forming a coreless group of a plurality of'said strips or bands, and combining said boreless group with one or more external binding filaments to form a yarn.

51. A method of making asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which comprises mechanically forming said paper-like material without tension reinfo cement into a strand, and thereafter mechanically combllllllg said strand with one or'more reinforcing filaments to form 5 2. A method of mak om asbestos with suflicient .00

a yarn. iIlg asbestos yarn aper-like material bound esiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which comprises moistening said paper-like material, forming said paper-like material without tension reinforcement into a strand, and thereafter mechanically combining said strand with one or more filaments to form a yarn.

53. A method of making asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn orming operations, which comprises mechanically advancing said paper-like ma terial, moistening said paper-like material as it advances, mechanically forming the moist paperdike material without tension reinforcement into a strand, and thereafter mechanically combining the strand with on or more reinforcing filaments in helical a: ra ngement to form a yarn.

applying one or more fil'a '54, An ,asbestos yarn comprising a coreless strand of asbestos material present in paper-like formation, bound with sutlicient cohesiveness and tenacity to retain such paper-like formation and combined with on or more reinforcing filaments.

55. An asbestos yarn comprising a coreless strand of asbestos material, containing binding material, present in paper-like for mation, and combined with one or more reinforcing filaments. i 56. An asbestos yam comprising a coreless strand of asbestos paper-like material bound with sufiicient cohesiveness combined therewith in helical arrangement. 57. asbestos yarn comprising a coreless strand of asbestos material, containing binding material, present in paper-like for 'mation and combined with one or more metallic reinforcing filaments.

58. An asbestos yarn comprising a coreless strand formed of a plurality of strips of asbestos material present in paper-like formation, containing binding material and combined with one or more reinforcing filaments in helical arrangement. 59. An asbestos yarn for the of fabrics and-other coreless strand form paper-like strips or hands of asbestos material bound togetherwith sulficient cohesiveness and tenacity to and yarn forming operations, and one or more binding filaments arranged around said strand. I

60. An asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes comprising a coreless strand formed of a plurality of paper-like strips or bands of asbestos ma- 'terial bound together with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo'subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, at least one of said-strips or bands contain ing binding material, and one or more bind ing filaments arranged helically around said strand.

61. An asbestos yarn for the manufa ture of fabrics and other purposes, compris ng a coreless strand of at least one paper-like strip or band of asbestos material bound together with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacit to undergo subsequent strand and yarn fending operations, and one or more metallic binding filaments associated with and embedded in said strand in helical arrangement.

62. An asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes comprising a coreless strand formed of a plurality of uniform paper-like strips or hands of ashestos material bound together with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations, at least one of said strips or hands containing binding material, and one or more metallic reinforc ing filaments combined with and embedded in said strand in twisted arrangement.

63. An asbestos yarn consisting of a twisted strip of asbestos paper of sutficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations and having at least one reinforcing filament wrapped around and helically embedded in the surface thereof.

64. An asbestos yarn consisting of a strand of a twisted strip or band of asbestos material bound into paper of sultieient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations and having at least one 15 reinforcing filament wrapped around and lielieally embedded in the surface thereof.

65. An asbestos yarn consisting of a twisted strand without internal reinforcement formed from a strip or band of asbestos material bound into paper of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations and having at least one reinforcing filament wrapped around and spirally embedded in the surface thereof. v

In testimony whereof,I affix my signature JOHN ALLEN HEANY.

material, and one or more metallic reinforcing filaments combined with and embedded in said strand in twisted arrangement.

63. An asbestos yarn consisting of a twisted strip of asbestos paper of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations and having Certificate of Correction. It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1 585,618,

upon the application of John Allen Hea'n Yarn and Processes for provement n printed specification requiring read undergo; page 6, line 65,

correction as fol ows: Page the word or read of; pagefi, line 122, claim 32, for the misspelled word claim 39, for the word.

forming operations and having at, least one reinforcing filament wrapped around and helically embedded in the surface thereof.

65. An asbestos yarn consisting of a twisted strand without internal reinforcement formed from a strip or band of ashestos material bound into paper of sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations and having at least one reinforcing filament wrapped around and spirally embedded in the surface thereof.

In testimony Whereoffl affix my signature JOHN ALLEN HEANY.

granted May 1 8 of New akin the Same, errors appear in the 4, line 23, claim-16 as readof; i

said Letters Patent should beread with these corrections therein that the same mag conform to the record of the case in igned and sealed this 24th day of August,

the Patent Oflioe.

A. D. 1926. p

- M. J. ooaa Acting Gommimbner of Patents llaven, Connecticut, for an .tim- I for 71 and that the Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,585,618, granted May 18, 1926,-

upon the application of John Allen Hean of New Haven, Connecticut, for animprovement in Yarn and Processes for ldaking the Same, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 4, line 23, claim :6, for the word or read of; page 5, line 122, claim 32, for the misspelled word read underga; page 6, line 65, claim 39, for the word as read of; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice,

Signed and sealed this 24th day of August, A. D. 1926.

[SEAL] M. J. MOORE,

Acting Commissioner of Patenta;

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