US1585614A - Yarn and apparatus and process for making yarn - Google Patents

Description

May 18 1926. 1,585,614

J- A. HEANY YARN AND APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING YARN Original F l an. 4, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR J01? A/len Hear/7y ATTORNEY May 18 1926. v 1,585,614

J. A. HEANY YARN AND APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING YARN Original Fi e J 4- 1924 2 Sfieets-Shaet 2 INVENTOR J0/7/7 /U/6/7 Heany ATTORNEY Patented May 18, 1926.

UNlTEl STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN ALLEN HEANY, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO WORLD BEBTOB CORPORATION, OF PATEB SON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

YARN AND APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING YARN.

Application filed January 4, 1024, Serial mo. 684,825. Renewed January 28, 1926.

This invention relates to a process for manufacturing yarn out of paper strip and more particularly of asbestos paper or similar materials and to apparatus requisite for carrying out the process.

In the, metho of am manufacture heretofore employed, it as been usual to form the yarn fibres into loose rovings which were subsequently built about a thread or metal core to form a yarn. Disadvantages of this method lie in the fact that it becomes in eneral essential to use fibres of appreciab e length in order to 've coherence to the roving and also in t at a carding step is generally requisite to align the 'bres.

Among the objects of the invention, therefore, is contemplated the provision of a simple process whereby yarns may be manufactured from either long or short fibred asbestos material, which may be bound and formed into a thin uniform paper-like strip or band of suliicient cohesivencss and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations.

Another object is the provision of means for the manufacture of yarn from apaper strip in which the binding material has been loosenedby moistening.

An important object is the rovision of means for the manufacture o yarn from asbestos material irrespective of the length, texture or strength of the individual fibres.

Another object contem lated is the utilization of means for manipulating and processing a non'coherent element and a relatively stronger supporting material so that the two form together a closely compacted and tenacious yarn structure,

An object also is the provision of a step in the yarn manufacturing process which includes shaping the yarn by a rubbing manipulation adapted to smooth out the corrugations and-unevenness of the yarn and give uniformity to the product. Still another object is the revision of apparatus by means of whic paper strip may be utilized in the manufacture of yarn without the necesity of placing tension on the strip which would result in breakage of the material.

Further objects are contemplated in the provision of apparatus permitting the use arms, the fibresby incorporation with the 'inder being independent of frictional contact with each other; and other objects in timately associated with the processes involved and the mechanism and a paratus utilized as will become evident rom examination of the description of the indicated method hereinafter detailed and from inspection of the accompanying drawings illustrative of the arrangement which may be preferred, fulfilling the contemplated objects of the invention.

One of the more important features of the present invention comprises the method of making an asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material, or, more specifically, from a strip or band of asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacit and adapted for yarn manufacture, whic includes the step of helically arran ing said asbestos aper-like material or said strip or band in at form directly with a reinforcing filament or core. Another of the more important features of the invention comprises the method of makin yarn from an asbestos paper-like strl or and, which comprises associating sai strip or band about a reinforcing filament or core, shaping or condensing said strip or band on the filament or core to form a strand, and there-' after combining said strand with one or more reinforcingfilaments to form a yarn.

Referring to (the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view in perspective showing the twisting mechanism employed in the initial of manufacture;

Fig. 2 1s a perspective view of the rub bing mechanism for compacting the fabric upon the yarn;

F jg. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a twister perat-ing upon two yarn strands to form a final intertwisted yarn;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of a twister o crating on a plurality of strands and a plurality of reinforcing filaments;

Fig. 5 is a view of a portion of the 00mpleted yarn and of the strands and cores forming the same;

Fig. 6 shows a portion of the yarn with separated elements manufactured. according to the process of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a view illustrative of the various steps in the manufacture of the completed yarn from paper fabric and the reinforcing core; an

Fig. 8 is a view of the roller runway.

In carrying out the present invention by the apparatus illustrated in the drawings, a roll of asbestos paper strip or a paper strip of similar characteristics is moistened suiliciently to render it flexible and is then drawn with little or no tension applied to it into juxtaposition or li ht contact with a reinforcin filament T e roll of paper strip is pre erably placed horizontall and the paper taken from the inner en and drawn upwardly to and-over a roller around which said filament is supplied, the only tension being that of the weight of the short stri as the paper stri comes into contact wit the reinforcing fi ment. The strip is then given a slight twist which .serves to wrap it about the filament and thus gives it sufiicient support for the following twisting operation. In this initial twisting step the asbestos paper is wound uniformly about the reinforcing filament so that upon subsequent twisting it forms a substantially uniform strand. The'filament and lightly twisted paper strip are then passed over a guide roller and are given a second, tight twist which draws the strip tightly and compactly about the filament and shapes it thereon so that it forms a unitary strand therewith and may be subjected to compacting and finishing operations or to twisting with other reinforcin strands or yarns. It should be undezstoo -that the slight twist of the paper strip about the ortion of the filament between the two rol era is effected as a result of the slipping of the strand on the roller from which the strand passes to the twisting apparatus. The tightly twisted reinforced yarn may then be finished or smoothed by rubbing or other suitable means or may be twisted with another reinforcing filament or yarn. Any suitable reinforcing filament may be em loyed such as a metallic wire or a strand .0 cotton jute.

In order to more clearly describe the invention, the view in Fig. 1 of the twisting mechanism has been limited to a single element, although in practiceuse is made of a battery of units driven by elements common thereto. There is shown in this figure a twister 10 adapted to receive from a roll 63 of tape 11 and a spool 12 the elements requisite to the formation of the yarn. Although the tape referred to may be of other material, it is as applied to a more specific form of the invention, composed of asbestos fi'bre held together by suitable binding materiaL A mode of manufacturi the paper and the strip cut therefrom; is escribed in my co-pendm application; Serial Number 516,- 129, filed 0v. 18, 1924.

As described in said co-pending application, Serial No. 516,129, the asbestos material is formed into a pulp and passed through an ordinary paper making machine to form a web which is rolled up in the usual manner. This web, which in the paper making operation has been rendered sufiiciently dry and compact, particularly in the surface portions thereof, to have the necessary strength, is separated by a slitting machine into narrow strips to be utilized in yarn manufacture. Satisfactory results are obtained by combining with the asbestos material in the pulp suitable binding material which serves to increase the stren h of the finished web or paper, thus ren ering it suitable for manipulation in the yarn making operations.

The core or reinforcement element 13 is for the purposes of this disclosure a slender wire of brass or metal having similar characteristics, the tensile properties of which, together with its susceptibility to bending, make it desirable as a reinforcing element of the fabric. It is understood, however, that any other core element may be employed such as vegetable fibre in the shape of cotton.

In the apparatus of Fig. 1, the roll of tape 63 is laced on its flat side within a tra 14 Wl'LlCh is adaptedto receive water throu h an inlet 15 in order to moisten the tape. 11 outlet 16 for the liquid within the tray is also provided. Above the tray and positioned so as to be above the tape" is a roller 17 supported b a bracket 18. The tape is adapted to be ed over this roller, there be ing a circular guide loop 19, through which the tape is adapted to have passage, intermediate the roller and the tray and adjacent the roller. The bracket 18 is adapted to support also a second roller 20 the axis of which lies approximately in the plane horizontal with the axis of the roller 17 and over this roller, coming from the roller 17, the tape is adapted to have movement.

The spool 12 is supported from the bracket 18 through side plates 21 intermediate and below the rollers 17 and 20 and the wire is adapted to feed through a small guide loop 22 around the lower side of the roller 17 and over the same and over the second roller 20 beside the strip of asbestos tape. Since the wire feeds from the under side of the roller 17, it is evident that the tape covers the core as indicated in Fig. 8, thus permitting free movement of the tape and preventing binding and grooving of the fabric. Both rollers 17 and 20 are provided with approximately movement redial flanges 23 which channel the tape and core, slthou ttin a mtg-m degree of some. 8.)

Fromthemller 20, peers together fed into the twister 10.- Preferahly, this part of the mechemsm' is positioned unmedzetely below the roller so that the tension of twisting tends to mointsin the strand properly upon the roller 20. 4 The twister is ofa usual including a. twist drive which determines e number of twists put in in a given tim hnd a food drive wluclnjn' connection wi the twist drive, determines the rate of feed of the strand through thetwister and consequentl the number of trusts per unit of length 0 the twister or yarn. As illustrated, the drive elements include o central twist sleeve 81 and an outer feed sleeve 82 the latter I: supported by a bracket eh. The wi l? 31 is hollowed axially to receive the elm-end Ind comes at its upper end apulley wheel 88 adapted to be driven by the gulley belt 84:. The lo'wer end of the sleeve 1 carries a. cross late 85 to which are attached deapien egs 3 the letter carrying a Slur ty 0 rollers 87 ads ed tn receive e yarn A ui e roller 88 is positioned near the axis of e twister.

The feed mechanism includes the feed sleeve 32 potioned about the twist sleeve 31, there being a drive pulley at the top of the sleeve connected to n pulley belt 4:1.

At the base of the feed sleeve is attached a r 42, adapted to mesh with pinions 43, $268 latter inions being connected by shafts 44 to e guide rollers 87. It is e.

crent, therefore, that the speed ct whi 51s strand is fed to the twister is dependent upon the speed of the pulley wheel 40 and by varying the speed of this pulley, the number-p5 twists per inch, for example, may he Vllll'lfl A guide 1 85 is fastened to a cross bar on the legs 6 of the twist mechanism and also at the base of the legs 36 additional guide loops 48 are constructed.

The cross bar 445 is adapted to be an ported from base 47 by means of a rod 8 upon which the spool i9 is adapted to have shdnhle movement. For purposesof illustrution, means for mhving the spool in the rcelin o oration is di mmmaticelly indica t e same comprising a lever arm pivoted at 51 having end contact bearings 62 and 58 the hearing 62 bein udu ted to have frictional en egement wi the of the spool 49 an the bearing 53 being adapted to have operative contact with the heart-she cam 54, Ipivotell mounted as at 55. e right hen end g. 1) of the lever is urged upwardly b suitable means such as a spring ctte ed at its lower end to the lever to move the spool upwardly and hold the contact bearing 53 against the twist is increased B" 1 and 7 are placed in the mechanism of 1, the ts 11 in the form of the roll 1 lyin lla in the tray 14 and the core 13 on e spool 12.v The free ends of these elements are now threaded through the various 'de 100 and over the rollers-17 and 20 mto the later 10 and pfiiver applied to the twisting mechanism. e effect 01 the twist of the twister 10 on the wire and tape immediately above the pulley 33 and intermediate the tape in the tray 14 is as follows.

The section 60 intermediate the roller 20 6. and twister is twisted to a limited extent,

the tape bein wrapped or arranged helicall about e core, the section 61 hits!- me etc the rollers 17 and 20 is twisted only a. few times while the section 62 isprectically free of twist except for such twist as arises from the origin of the tape from the roll. As illustrate the tape leaves from the roll 63 at its center and there are two or three twists in the tape, the number depending on the length of the section 62, between the roll 68 end the roller 17. The twisting of the tape in section 61 is due primeril to the slipping of the strand as it moves ut the re er 20. If the tension between the roller 20 and twister 10 were sufllciently high, there would be no slippage, the point of contool: with the roller 20 acting as a fixed point of support and the tr. e in the section Glbe' free of twist excep for that which arises m the unrolling of the tape from the roll 68. The tension however, is adjusted so that the twist o the strand effeclive at the roller 20 occasionally slips and transmits the portion of the twisting action onto the section 61 so that in operation, the ta 0 times about the core.

From the description of the operation as given to this point, it is apparent that there are three stages of twisting rior to the entry of the strand into the meter proper, the twists occurring in the sections 62.

in the section 61 is wrapped a number 61 end 60 and that inthese three stages the pr ively. That this initial twisting o e to is desirable, arises from the fact that tape is moist sind that the binder of the eper is dissolved, the paper having very lit e stren Conse uentlfly, if in traveling from ro or 17 to to or there be no means of support for structure 70 being the moist tape, it would tend to sag and break. Inasmuch, however, as the tape is wrapped around the wire, this sagging is prevented and the tape is carried in proper relation over to the. ulley 20 where the full twisting force of t e wire is transmitted to the tape. Attention is directed to the fact that the roll of tape 68 is placed in the tray so that its cunvolutions have a direction in unwinding similar to that of the twister so that the fpreliminary twist due to the unwinding o the tape is in the some direction and adds to the twisting imparted by the twisting operation.

The distance intermediate the tray and roller 17 is relatively small so that the weight at upstanding portion of free tape is insulhcient to cause breakage, even though the pa r "is thoroughly saturated and beyond the re lot 17 the union of the tape with the wire prevents any rupture of the fabric.

The strand 69, as it comes from the twisting mechanism, is wound on the reel or spool 49, is somewhat rough due to minor irregu- L'lrities in the lcyin of the strip as sugted in Fig. 7". is next step, therefore, 18 to pass the strand through a rubbin or condensing machine such as is indicate in Fig. 2, there being shown in this Fig. 2, overlying belt structures 70 and 71, the belt mounted on the rollers 72 and the belt 71 on the rollers'm. These belts have u. laterally reciprocating us well us forward movement so that the strand 69 in passing between the belt is subjected to a. aternl or transverse recprocetion while moving forwardly in the irection as indicated y the arrows in Fig. 2. This combined forward and lateral movement smoothes the material and works or shapes the pol about the core so that on emergence it is a. c osely compacted and rounded stran as indicate b 74 in Fig. 7. In actual manufacture o the yarn, a. number of separate strands are simultaneously manfilulated by the condenser, form a plur 'ty of separate spools of smooths strands.

After the condensing operation, the strand is ready for the fine. twisting step. This operation consists in a simple twisting movement utilizing the form of mechanism shown in Fig. 1 and diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 3. Referring to Fig. 8, there are shown two spools and 81 of, preliminary yarn strands 74 and these strands are fed simultaneous] over guide rollers 76 through ide loops 6 into the twister 77, the meerial emerging as a final twisted yarn 78 indicated as in Fig. 5 with the two strands uniformly and closely wrapped about each other, forming a compact and strong yam suitable for any use, requiring great strength and wearing properties an resistance to boat. 'It is pointed out that the paper or paper-like strip or band which is wrapped yarn.

about the wire cores is retained in place not only by the twist of the core element itself, but also by the iuteren out of the two adjacent strands, one ai ing the other in maintaining the material in position in the The number of twists per unit of length is such that under all ordinary circumstances and in all ordinary uses, the paper material is held closely in position in the urn structure, there being littl if any,

ten ency for fraying or separation mm the holding core element.

In summary of the varrons steps above indicated, tho gnnerul recess is as follows:

Paper in the form 0 a narrow strip, preferubly composed of asbestos held together by a binding material including starch, is subjected to moisture, to loosen the binder and then fed with a filament such as brass wire over a carrier including n plurality of rollers where n preliminary twist is imparted to the strip and the filament sufiicient to loosely unite the two elements together. The combined strip and filament is then fed into a twisting mechanism to produce a. preliminary yarn which subsequently is passed through a condenser machine to round out and smooth the strand, and then finally twisted with another similar strand or am other reinforcirlg filament.

W'hen desired, marked flexibility of the urn may be obtained b eliminutin the inder from the paper y means 0 mechanical vibration or heat. In cases wheres somewhat stifler type of yarn is preferred, such yarn may be obtained by eliminating part only of the binder in the manufacturing process and retainin :1. sufficient amount to ive the desired sti ness. To obtain such ifierence in stillness, the amount of moisture applied to the type may be varied by the amount of water supplied in the tray, such amount being reudi y controlled by the operator.

The general process as outlined above is applicable to the use of the single tape in connection with a sin le core but variations from this simple combination may readily be made. In certain cases two wires may be supplied for twisting with the single tape 11, such wires being supplied in any suitable manner, as, for example, from a single spool 12. If desired, the number of wires may be multiplied in any other way and also the number of tapes or strips used me be increased with or without mcreasi e number of wires, thus roducing a na! yarn, the strength and arwcteristics of which me be varied within wide limits n Fig. 4:, there is illustrated diagrammatically a modification of the apparatus and rocess in which the final twisting step includes as an addition to the strands 74, one or more wires 95, these wires being adapted to be led along the guide rolls 75 single unit, the twi the twister 77 as a operation wrapping the free wire filamen clues?- -,nbout the strand 'i-l. This modified proc 'ure produces a finished am having exceptionally hi tensile an wearing props tional bare wire filament D5 wrappmg itself about the exterior of the preliminary yarns and tending to bind the loose fibres m P081- lion and reventin the same from being combed on of the nablogrrn by friction" or contact with foreign as. In Fig. 6, a

and guide loop 76 into portion 96 of the completed yarn roduood illustrated,

according to the modification of g. 4:, is

I make no claim or claims herein broadly to a multi-strand asbestos yarn, as that is covered in m co-gendinga phcation,Serml No. 82,260, anuary 9, 1926; nor do I claim broadly herein the process of manufacturing a multi-strand asbestos yarn, as that is embraced in m co-flpeuding application, Serial No. 8 9, ed Janna 19, 1926. Mention is so made herein t t a plurality of wires may be. combined with one or more tapes or strips 11 or a plurality, of strips may be combined with one or moreiilaments, but I make no claim or claims herein to-such subject matter broadly as the same is claimed in my co-fipending application, Serial No. 685,800, led January 10,

1924, renewed January 25, 1926.

For'convenience in illustration, there is e shown one independent mechanism for cartill rying out each step 01 the process. It should be understood, however, that the embodiments of such mechanisms hereehown are n'erel illustrative and that the other sortable onus of mechanism may be substituted therefor. It will readily be seen, however, 4

that, instead of using mechanism in which winding the article on a spool'after each operation is use may be made of mechanism in which certain successiveptep: may be carried out continuously. his to expressly understood, however, that, in so far as the method is concerned, I do not limit myself to the apparatus illustrated and described herein dependent in an wise u said apparatus but may obvio. i be earned out in practice 3y apparatus or than that covered by e a paratus claims hereinwithout do are; ing rnthe true spirit and n o my invention. It is also-to be y understood tbatldonotlimitm ftotheexaot.

steps of the process herein described inw much as man changes may be made and even modill 'ons resorted to without devi ating from the true irit and scope of my invention as defin by the annexed method. or process claims It should also be expressly that mechanism disclosed is merely illustrative and that the ee,t head as the method is not.

strip to render it more workable, twisting samemaybe ormodifiedinvarions respects without pa from the true spirit of the inventionas efined in the np paratus claims. a

Note should be made also nfthe fact that while it is not tie] that the enclosing pa r pulp be moist in-the rubbing operation an in the final twist operation, it is desir able that a certain amount of moisture be present in order to facilitate the smoothing and condensing proces and more readily permit an intimae inte nt of the carious strands. It has been in dposltitvfifili i if 1m opera 1011 an on material is not so readily'workcd as w t, a h d:

moreover, is more subject to breakage in some conditions and where certain. (as of raw material is employed as in lolfi red stock, a dry worlnnfiema e desir s.

It should understood that the term asbestos material, wherever it appears in the specificatiop and claims, is intended to refer to material having a substantial percentage of asbestos fibres,such as to give more or less the characteristim of r as far as wor and handling are conearned, and the m 1W II material where used lwfi specifi ation and claims shall be considered as thus defined.

While the-invention has been described ith reference to a single ificdisclosure, it is a parent that mbdi cations of the inyentive i ea may be readily made by those sk lled in the art to which the invention pertame. It is not desired therefore to limit the mvcution exce t as defined in the claims hereunto atpipend Ha 1 as described the invention, what 18 a u a o 15: I

1. A rocess of making yam from paper strip which comprises the strip around a. reinforcing core, con easing the stri on tbecore to'form astrand, and fina twisting the strand with a. reinforcmg element.

2. A of making yarn from paper str ip w ch comprises mo the strip,

twisting the strip while wet with -a reinment.

3. The process of making yarn luding forming a strip of asbestos material d together b workable bin material, twisting e strip about a and shaping the strip about said core.

4. The process of making yarn including forminga strip of m: material hel together by binding material, the

the strip about a reinforcing core, and shaping the strip about said core- Ill ' orcing core,

Ill

5. The proces of yarn from asbestos pa r strip containing bindin material, which com rises softening the ind ing material b? w ich the fibres of the strip are held toge her, and immediately thereafter twisting .the strip about a supportig core which is being simultaneously twist 6. The process of making yarn from asbestos paper strip containing binding material, which'com rises loosening the binding material b w 'ch the fibresof the strip are held toge er, twisting the strip about a supporting core which is being simultaneously twisted and su uently shaping the strip about t e core to cm a strand.

7. The process of making yarn from as bestos' paper strip havin rial incorporated therewith, whi comrises softening the binding material by which the fibres of the strip are held to gether, and twisting the strip in successive stages of increasing twist about a supporting' element.

8. The roccss of making yarn from paper strip aving binding material incorporuted therewith, which comprises lcosenin the binding material by which the fibres o the strip are held together, twisting the strip about a supporting core in successive stages, including a primary stage where the twists are relatively w, and a subsequent stage where the twists are relatively numerous.

9. The process of making yarn from pa.- per strip having binding material incorrated therewith, which comprises loosenmg the binding material by which the fibres otthe strip are held together, twisting the strip about a supporting core in showssiveistages, including a primary stage where the twists are relatively few, and a subsequent stage where the twists are relatively numerous, and subsequently shaping the strip about said core.

10. A process of making yarn from asbestos pitlper strip, which comprises placing :1 r0 of strip in a moistening device, moisteuin the stri and feeding the moistened strip througii a twisting mechanism with a strip supporting element.

11. A process of making yarn from usbcstos paper strip, which comprism placing a roll of strip in a moistening receptacle, moistening the strip, feeding the moistened strip through a twisting mechanism with a strip supporting element, and subsequently sha ing t e air: on the supporting element to cm a stran 12. A process of melting yarn from asbestos paper strip, which comprises placing a roll of strip in a moistening receptacle, moistening the strip, feeding the moistened strip through a twisting mechanism with a strip 511 porting element, subs uently shaping e strip on the supporting lement to form a strand, and finally twisting the strand with another supporting element.

13. In apparatus for making yarn, the combination of a moistening receptacle, ndnpted to receive paper stri rolls, a twistmg device, and means inclu ing a plurality of rollers for gu'idin said paper strip from the receptacle to sai twisting device.

14. In apparatus for making yarn, the combination ofa moistening receptacle, adapted toreceivs paper strip rolls, a twisting device, a su for a reinforcing element, means in udmg a plurality of rollers for guiding said paper strip from the receptacle and said reinforcing element from its support to said twisting device.

15. A method of making reinforced yarn of fibrous asbestos material, com rising forming a'relatively weak strip of E res of such material, twisting said strip under low tension with a rein orcing element to form a strand, and. twisting with a tight twist the composite strand so formed 16. A method of forming a reinforced yarn, comprisingsupplying a reinforcing element, appl pg a strip of comparatively low stren freely from a source of supply to said cement, winding the strip loosely on the element, and twisting the strip and element. v 17. In apparatus for making yarn, twistin means, means for so sup citing a strip 1-0 as to permit the strip to drawn fre li therefrom in a direction transverse to t e lane thereof, means including a guide to etermine the direction of such withdrawal for guiding the strip from the roll to the twisting means and means for bringing a reintorci e ement into engagement with the guide in juxtaposition W1 h the strip for twisting therewith;

18. In apparatus for making yarn, a support adapted toreceive a paper strip mass rom which a paper strip may be drawn substantially without drag and without moving said mass, a twisting device, means for guid in the strip from the strip mass to the twlsting devi'ceincluding a guide having a groove over which the strip passes on its we to the twisting device, and a second guide to receive the strip from the first guide and direct it to the twisting device, and means for supplying a reinforcing eloment to said groovebeneath the strip to enable the element to be fed with the strip to the second guide and to the twisting device.

19. In apparatus for making yarn, a suppprt adapted to receive a paper strip mass cm which a spper strip may be drawn substantially wi out drag and without moving said mass, a twisting device, means for guidin said strip in the proper direction from e mass on said support and to the twisting device, and means for supplying eemngto 'ing device, e

roll to permit the stri rerselytherefrom, e.

o: d rearwerdly beyond sai s roing element to the at the "dingnnemtobetwisted hestrip pesstothet' deuce.

20. oie pperctus for-me ye menus toeup erollofstrlpme fletto. rmit the strip tube drawn on ensveree ofthe roll, mtwleb de ro or to receive strip from the re and having its periphery a groove over whichfiie strip asses, means for suppl ing a reinforcing e out to the groove 0 said roller to permit the strip to wind looeel around the element us it 18 drown from e strip roll, and additional gal of the element and loosely wpund strip and guide it to the twisting device.

2L In ,spperetus for -msk1ng yarn, twister meens for reocmng a paper strip gether the strip and a reinforcing element and a second evice to direct the stri an element to the twister and to resist the wist- -ing to cause a loose twist on the side thereof 7 ll t twist on the aide toward the twister.

22. In an apparatus for making yarn, e. twister, e an rt for a epe'r strip, a suprt for e. reinforcing ement,' means for ringing together the strip and the reinforcelement, and e second means to direct the'strip op the the twister and a compnratlvel cause 1 loose'twist between the first-end second means and e eomperetively tight twist between the second means and the twister.

28 111 on apperntns for making yer-n,

su gm said strip end element from said ports to the twister, end means also went as they epproech the 24. In an apparatus for melting yarn, a twister, a. support for e a'per strip I. support for a" reinforcing e ement, on menus contacting with the yarn which serves to resistthejwistbeokofsnidmeensnndto ellect an increasing twist to said strip and element as they epgroeoh the twister.

t 25. Amethodo rnoom risin forming 0 pa strip 0 of which the es are held' or by suitoble binding materiel, sup lying the per strip st low tension, mg and mg the strip, and at e predeterm ned pomt the twmting o the strip to effeet greater twist of the strip after peasin and point while permitt" the twist to int. 26. AL-rnethod of msking yu'n ohn rising ipl e twister snpplyin a pa stri and e rein orc'm element, the ear g ding means to receive the strcnd formed -with e to'befed'trens evieetobringtomg and element from the first means to the twister end to resist the twisting toen increasing twistto said dry vanetively week strip into juxtaposition with a generally horizontal portion of e reinforcmg V element,

loosely the st eround such genernlly 1 rizontal portion to 7 form e strand, end subsequently t twist the stranden formed.

28, A method of remioreedyern including the steps of 1 com ratively ,etrip into juxtaposition with h generally horizontal of e reinforcelement, the strip loosely around such gene y orizontal portion to be supported thereby, so ucntly twrstin witbztighttwisttheetran eof ,em combining inrelation such tight! twistedetrendendetleastoneotherstren 29. A process of making you; which oomprisee formin e that strip of asbestos materirlof whic the fibres are held'to ier b workable binding material and twisting e strip in that 'form directly with e reinforcing element to form a strand.

80. At process of mag yarn wlfiich comprises orming s stri o asbestos material of which the abuse :n'e held to gether by binding materiel, treating the strip to render it more workable and twistin; the in Hot form'directl withsreinforein enttoiormastrenr.

81. A process 0 yarn which compriseefo eulcon" material and bindi ng mnterialr orming a finished web from said pnlp, eeparet1ng the web into flat ptripe of suitable width, trertin each of and strips to render it more worlrn and one or more of said strips in Hot form 'recflywith e reinforcing element to form e strand.

82. recess of making yarn which comprises ormi 8gp conteinin asbestos meterial .end 3 material, orming a. web from said nip, treating the web to dry them in to compact and strengthen the surfaces thereof separating the dry web into strips of suitable width, treating one of said strips to render it more wo able, and said strip in flat form directl with; rein 'orc' element to'form a strmd MFA moth of mekin sebeetos yarn for the msnufecture of in rice and. other 8 I we which compl'lfiefi the steps of in 21g and forming asbestos mater-is into 1 thin uniform paper-like strip or bend of sufiioient cohesiveness and tenacity to under- 'peudelementtogo subsequent strand forming operations, ll!

strand and lly twisti the strand with a reinioroin element to arm n yarn.

85. A. m od of maki asbestos yarn for the manufacture of in rice and other urposes, .which comprises the steps of orming asbestos material united with bindmoterial into a thinuniforzn paper-like strip or band of suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand forming operations, twisting the strip or band about a reinfo core, and shaping said stri or bend on and com to term a strand;

8;. A method of mold yarn for the manufacture of in rice and other purposes, which com rises thesteps of bindmg and forming as material into a thm uniform paper-like strip or band of suflicient cohesivenessaanfd tenacity to under go subsequent strsn orming 9 rations i said strip or band, twi tingthd core, and shaping mid stri or band on the core while in a moist con ition to form a st-rand.

37. A method of meking em for the manufacture of fabrics and 0 er gn'poses which comprises the site of bin 'ng and forming 1': runs meterie into a thin uniform paper-likestrip or bend of suficient cohesivenes andt tenacity to undergo subsequent strand on'ning operations, twisting the strip or band about a reinfo core, and shaping said strip orbund onthe core to form n 38. A method of m asbestos yarn for the manufecture of rice and other which com of bindrises the ste mg and forming ==w= material into a fist uniform paper-like strip or band of sufficieut cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo an uent stllnd forming oserationgond of twisting said strip or an infiat form directly with a reinforcing filament to form a strand.

39. The process of making usbestos from r-lilre strips or hands of v material bound with sufiicient 'ooheeiven and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufac ture, which includes mechanically uniting a strip or bend in flat form directly with a filament with the strip or bend am helically about the fiunent, and fu yarn ' trip or bend about a reinforcing.

filament.

41. A process of making asbestos yarn from apaper-like strip or bend of euflicicntcohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes mechunirally unitin directly wit a filament how the strip or band arre helicelly about the filament, and m enioelly shaping said stri or bond about the filament to form a stran 42. The prom of asbestos yarn which includes formi a flat strip of asbestos material of which the fibres ere held together by workable bindi material, and elicsll arranging the stn in fist form by m anicnl means direct with e reinforcinfi lelement to form a. strand.

43. eprocess of maki ynrn which includes formin a H strip of usbestos material of which e fibres are held together by binding material treati the strip to render it more workable, end ifu'ectly arranging by mechanical means the treat ed Strip in flat form helically with c rein forcin element to form s strand.

44. BPI'O'OBSB 0f ygm from a pa. r-liko strip of us bound wi sufiicient cohesiveness end-tenacibg and adapted for yarn manufacture, whic includes mechsnicall uniting the strip or bsndin flat form directly with a metallic reinforcin 'core with the strip or bend arranged hehcelly About the metallic core, and further-mechanically uniting said strip or bend and said metallic core to form a. yarn.

45. A recess of maki asbestos yarn, which inc udesforming a paper-like material bound with suflicient co and tenwity and ads. for yarn manufacture, and mechani y unitingthe paper-like material in list form directl with a metallic reinforcing core to form a nudge the paper-like materiel arranged heli lly t the metallic core.

*6. A process of making yum, which comprises binding and formi usbestos material into n paper-like strip or band of sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming operations, and mechanically twisting the stri or bend in fiat form directly with e metelEc reinforcing eons to he strip or band in flat form form a strand having the strip or band arranged helically about the metallic core.

47. The process of making asbestos yarn from a fiat asbestos strip held together by binding material, which includes moistening the strip to render it more workable, and subsequently helioally arranging the moist strip while flat by mechanical means about a metallic reinforcing core.

48. The process of making asbestos yarn which comprises forming a flat strip of as bestos material of which the fibres are held together by workable binding material, and helically arranging the strip in flat form by mechanical means directly with a metallic reinforcing element to form a strand.

49. The process of making asbestos yarn which comprises forming a flat strip of asbestos material of which the fibres are held together by binding material, treating the strip to render it more workable, and helically arranging the treated strip in fiat form by mechanical means directly with a metallic reinforcing element to form a strand.

50. The process of making asbestos yarn from paper-like strips or hands of asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes associating a strip or band with a reinforcing filament, shaping said strip or band on said filament to form a strand, and thereafter combining said strand with one or more additional filaments to form a yarn.

51. A process of making asbestos yarn from a' paper-like strip or band of suflicicnt cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes mechanically associating the st rip or hand helically with a reinforcing filament, mechanically shaping said strip or band on said filament, to form a strand, and thereafter mechanically associating said strand with one or more additional filaments in helical arrangement to form a yarn.

52. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or band of asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufac ture, which includes, moistening said strip or band, mechanically associating the strip or band with a reinforcing filament, mechanically shaping said strip or band on said filament to form a strand, and thereafter mechanically combining said strand with one or more additional reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

53. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or band of asbestos material, which includes moistening the strip or band, helically arrangingsaid strip or band about a reinforcing filament, shaping said strip or band on said filament to form a strand, and thereafter combining said strand with one or more additional reinforcing filaments in helical arrangement to form a yarn.

5-1. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or band of asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes moistening said strip or band, mechanically associating the strip or band with a reinforcing filament, sha ing said strip or band on said filament to orm a strand, and thereafter mechanically combining, with or without one or more additional filaments, said strand and one or more additional strands to form a yarn.

55. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or more filaments combined therewith, at least one of said strands comprising a. reinforcing filament and as bestos material bound with sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations.

56. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or more filaments twister] therewith, at least one of said strands comprising a core combined with asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture.

57. Au asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or more filaments combined therewith, at least oiie of said strands comprising asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations.

58. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or more filaments twisted therewith, at least one of said strands comprising asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

JOHN ALLENHEANY! form a strand having the strip or band arranged hclically about the metallic core.

47. The process of making asbestos yarn from a flat asbestos strip held together by binding material, which includes moistening the strip to render it more workable, and subsequently helically arranging the moist strip while flat by mechanical means about a metallic reinforcing core.

48. The process of making asbestos yarn which comprises forming a fiat strip of asbestos material of which the fibres are held together by workable binding material, and helically arranging the strip in flat form by mechanical means directly with a metallic reinforcing element to form a strand.

49. The process of making asbestos yarn which comprises forming a flat strip of asbestos material of which the fibres are held together by binding material, treating the strip to render it more workable, and hel ically arranging the treated strip in flat form by mechanical means directly with a metallic reinforcing element to form a strand.

50. The process of making asbestos yarn from paper-like strips or bands of asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes associating a strip or band with a reinforcing filament, shaping said strip or band on said filament to form a strand, and thereafter combining said strand with one or more additional filaments to form a yarn.

51. A process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or band of snliicicnt cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes mechanically associating the strip or band helically with a reinforcing filament, mechanically shaping said strip or band on said filament, to form a strand, and tl 'reafter mechanically associating said sfi t md with one or more additional filaments in helical arrangement to form a yarn.

52. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or band of asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufac ture, which includes, moistening said strip or band, mechanically associating the strip or band with a reinforcing filament, mechanically shapin said strip or band on said filament to orm a strand, and there- Certificate after mechanically combining said strand with one or more additional reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

53. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or band of asbestos material, which includes moistenin the strip or band, helically arrangingsaic? strip or band about a reinforcing filament, sha ing said strip or band on said filament to term a strand, and thereafter combining said strand with one or more additional reinforcing filaments in helical arrangement to form a yarn.

5*]:- The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or band of asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes moistening said strip or band, mechanically associating the strip or band with a reinforcing filament, sha ing said strip or band on said filament to orm a strand, and thereafter mechanically combining, with or without one or more additional filaments, said strand and one or more additional strands to form a. yarn.

55. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or more filaments combined therewith, at least one of said strands comprising a, reinforcing filament and asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations.

56. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or more filaments twisted therewith, at least one of said strands comprising a core combined with asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacturc.

57. An asbestos yarn formed of a. plurality of strands and one or more filaments combined therewith, at least one of said strands comprising asbestos material bound with snfiicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations.

58. An asbestos yarn formed of a. plurality of strands and one or more filaments twisted therewith, at least one of said strands comprising asbestos material bound with sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature.

'JOHN ALLENHEANYJ of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,585,614,()granted May 18, 1926,

upon the application of John Allen Heany, of New Haven Yarn and Apparatus and Processes for Making Yarn, an error 'nted specification requiring correction as follows: Page 4, line 106, type read tape," and that the said Letters Patent should be read provement in 7 appears in the for the word nnecticut, for an imwith this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflioe.

Signed and sealedth-is 24th day of August, D. 1926.

' M. J. MOORE, Acting Gammksimr of Patents.

(lertificgte of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,585,614, granted May 18, 1926, upon the application of John Allen Heany, of New Haven, Connecticut, for an improvement in Yarn and Apparatus and Processes for. Making Yarn," an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 4, line 106, for the Word type read tape; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 24th day of August, A. D. 1926.

[ M. J. MOORE,

Acting C'mnmiasimr of Patents.

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