US1577016A - High-speed rotary and draw works - Google Patents

Description

March 16 1926. v 1,577,016 l E. W. GOESER ET AL HIGH SPEED ROTARY AND DRAW woRKs Filed Nov. 19, 1925 4 sheets-sheet 1 IN VEN TORJ'.

MM ATTORNEYS,

March 16,1926. 1,577,016v

E. W. GOESER ET AL HIGH SPEED ROTARY AND DRAW WORKS Filed Nov. 19, 1923 '4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS.

l TToRNEYs Marh 16,1926. 1,577,01@

` E. W. GOESER Er AL HIGH SPEED ROTARY AND DRAW wonxs Nov. 19 192s 4 shee t s A INVENTORS.

ai MM ,477711 March -16 1926. 1,577,016

Y E. w. GoEsER E-r AL HIGH SPEED ROTARY AND DRAW WORKS A Filed Nov. 19, 1923 4 shets-sheet 4 INVENToRS.

Enig/'12 ZJ oeSeJ; 5- BY CVz/czmf CDI/FZ@ 1 \f MM ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 16, (1926.

y UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE EDWIN W. GOESER, OF LOS ANGELES, AND WILLIAM C. MCDUFFIE, 0F HOLLYWOOI), CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNORS TO UNION TOOL COMPANY, OF TORRANCE, lCALIFORNIA,

A `(OIRLIEOIB'ATION OF CALIFORNIA.

nien-SPEED ROTARY AND DRAW wonxs.

j Application 'led Nbvember 19,` 1923. Serial No. 675,529.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, EDWIN W. GoEsER and WILLIAM C. MCDUFFIE, citizens of the United States, residi ng'at Los Angeles and Hollywood, Los Angeles, respectivelyin the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful High- Speed Rotary and Draw Works, of which the following is a specification. Y

This invention relates to rotary drilling apparatus for drilling oil and gas wells. Such apparatus 4usually includes a mechanism known as a rotary draw works which 'includes av rotary drum carrying a cable which runs up to the crown block and thence downwardly to attach to the drill stem and v support the same at a point above the rotary Y table. Thisl drum enables the drill stem to be raised or lowered by power atwill` ,A On occasions it would be advantageous if it were possille to give the drill a very slight movement p or down in the well, but it is, of course, impossible to do this with the power drive for 'the drum of the draw works. has been discovered that if a rotary drill bit is driven at a relatively high speed it is less apt to be twisted'oii' than when driven at a relatively lowspeed. For this reason itis desirable` to drive such a bit at a higher speed than has heretofore been customary. However, this would necessitate runningthe engine at a higher speedthan is practicable. Furthermore, the teeth -of the' gear carried by the rotaryv table are usuallymade of cast iron and itwould notv be feasible to drive such a gear at this relatively high speed referred to above.

The generalobject of this invention is to overcome these d i'culties and to provide simple means to enable vthe drum to beI rotated at will ,by hand instead of by power, andat a relatively l-ow Speed, to enable the driller to raise or lowerthejtool at the bottom -of the well; also to provide simple means for enabling the powerto drive the rotary table and drill at a higher speed 'without increasing thel speed ofthe Iengine, and

to accomplish this without disturbing the regular alinement of the shafting that drives the rotary table from the engine. One of the objects of the invention also'is to provide a. construction for the rotarytable which' ItA will enable it to be driven safely at a speed higher than any speed now employed forJ driving such a table.

Further objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

The invention consists in the novel parts and combination of parts to be described hereinafter, all of which contribute to produce an eflicient high speed rotary draw works.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in the following specication while Athe broad scope of the invention is pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation partially` broken away illustrating a rotary draw4 works and a rotary drill table with their contiguous mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section upon an enlarged scale passing through one edge of the rota-ry drill table.

, Fig. 3 is a plan and partial section illustrating thefshafting for driving the drill table from the engine; this View particularly illustrates .the step-up gearing for driving the rotary table at ann increased speed ratio.

Fig.y 4 is a vertical section taken about on the line 4 4 yof 'Figure 3.

Fig. -5 is a vertical section on the line 5 5 of Figure 3. y

Fig. 6 is a sideelevation partially broken away and partially shown in section illustrating themechanism at the end of the rotary draw works for enabling the drum to be rotated at will by hand."

taken about Fig. 7 is a vertical section taken about inv vtheplane of the line 7 7 vof Figures 6 and 8, and particularly illustrating details of a.

`wormland wheel through which thehand force is applied to rotate the drum.

- Fig. 8 is a lan and partial section taken about on the linel88 of Figure 6 andparticularly illustrating details of the clutch means which enables a" hand operated me'm'- ber to be connected to the drum at will. Y,

Fig. 9 is a section taken onl the l1ne 9-9 .of Figure 8'upon an enlarged scale, and` particularly illustrating details of the hand power clutch means.

. The drilling apparatus includesa rotary table 1 which is rotatably-mounted on the` fioor 2 of a derrick. On one side of this derrick a rotary draw works mechanism 3 is provided including a rotary drum 4 mounted Von a drum shaft 5'. The drum is rigid on the drum shaft and the drum shaft may be rotated by power from a line shaft 6 through a sprocket chain 7 .connecting sprocket wheels 8 and 9 alining with each other, see Figure 6.

We provide means for disconnecting the power drive to the drum at will and this means may consist of a clutch l0 having a relatively fixed clutch member 11 which may be formed as a hub of vthe sprocket wheel 9 and including a relatively movable clutch member 12 which is mounted to slide on the shaft 5, being driven continuously by Aa spline 13. This clutch may be opened or closed at will by means of a usual clutch lever 14.

We provide hand actuated mechanism for rotating the drum 4 at will when the power clutch 10 is open. For this purpose we prefer to extend the shaft 5 beyond its bearing 15, see Figure 6, and on the extension of the shaft we provide a loose worm wheel 16, associated with which we provide a handpower clutch 17 including a relatively fixed clutch member 18'formed as a hub on the Worm wheel and a sliding clutch member 19 splned on the shaft and operatable at will by a treadle controlled clutch lever 20. The hand actuated mechanism further includes a worm 21 meshing with the worm wheel and this worm may be driven by a hand operated member such as a hand wheel 22, see Figure 7. If desired the hand wheel 22 ma be attached directly to the shaft 23 of the worm but we prefer to provide two speeds for driving the drum shaft by hand, that is to say, we prefer to provide a relatively slow hand driving gear train for rotating the drum in a direction to raise the tool slowly, and a second gear train which may be conneotedfup to enable the tool to be lowered in the well at a somewhat higher speed than 1t is raised. In order to accomplish this we provide hand clutch means 24, see Figures 8 and 9, a'nd we provide two gear trains, either of which may be connected operative1 liv yto the worm wheel 16. IVe shall iirst escribe the relatively low speed gear train `which is used for raising thel drill by hand.V 'Ihls gear train includes a pinion 25 formed on a hollow spindle'26 adjacent to which the hand wheel 22 is loosely mounted. This pinion 25 meshes with a gear wheel 27 loosely mounted on a fixed stud 28 and having a tubular shaft formed into a pinion 29 which meshes with a gear Wheel 30 rigidly secured to the shaft 23 of the worin. The hand wheel 22 iskeyed to a tubular inner 1shaft 31 dis osed within the s haft 31. Between the tu ular shaft 3l andthe outer tu bular shaft 26 we provide a special clutch corresponding Vto this gear train, and this special clutch comprises a` drum or clutch wheel 32 which is rigid on the outer shaft 26. Rigid on the inner shaft 31 We provide a clutch wheel 33 which is of considerably smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the wheel or drum 32, see Figure 9. In the space between the outer face of the wheel 33 and the inner face of the rim of the drum 32, we provide an expansion ring 34 which is split at one point to receive an expansion head 35 which is of wedge form so that its side faces come against inclined faces 36 formed at the ends of the expansion ring.. The ex pansion head 35 is carried on the end of an expansion pin 37 and this pin can be shoved outwardly at will by means of a hand con trolled sliding pin or key 3S, see Figure S. This pin 38 slides freely in the bore of the inner tubular shaft 31 and has an inclined face 39 on its side which engages the inner end of the clutch pin 37. By shoving 4this pin in, the face 39, which is of cam form, will operate to shove lthe pin 37 outwardly and this produces an expansion of the expansion ring through the operation of the expansion head 35.

The clutch means 24 includes another special clutch 40 which is similar in construction to the clutch already described, but this clutch is associated with a gear wheel 41 carried on a short sleeve v42 which is similar to the shaft 26. In other words the rim of this gear wheel 41 performs the function of the drum 32 ofthe other clutch. It is also provided with teeth which mesh with the pinion 29 already described. In this way, if the pin or key 38 is put in a proper position, a wedge head 43 oorrespending to this clutch 40 will close this clutch at the same time opening the clutch at 32. In other words to close the clutch 40 the pin 38 should be pulled out so that the cam formed on the inner end of the pin 38 shoves the expansion head 43 out; when the pin 38 is in this position the cam face 39 will release the pin 37 so that the other clutch will be open.

Referring to Figure 1, the cable is indicated by the dotted line 44, running up to the crown block and hanging down at the point indicated by the line 45 on the axis of the well so as to be secured to the upper end of a drill string which passes down through the rotary table l.

The engine which furnishes the powcrfor` driving the rotary drum and the rotary table is located over to the left as viewed in Fig- 'ure *1, and the engine .drives .the sprocket chain 46 which drives the aforesaid counter shaft 6.`

Shafting is provided for driving the rotary table 1 from the engine and this shafting is usually driven through a beveled gear 47, see Figurekl, carried by a driving shaft 48 which passes under the drum 4 and is in alinement with the center of the rotary table. Between the rotary table and the r0- tary draw Works, we provide step-up speed mechanism so that theshaft 48 will drive the rotary table at an increased speed ratio. The rotaryy table is provided with a bevel gear or gear `ring 49, the teeth of which mesh with a pinion 50 carried on a driven shaft 51, which is in alinement with the driving shaft 48 and extends toward the center of the table, see Figure 3. At the adjacent ends of the shafts 48 and 5 1, which substantially abut againsteach other, we pro` vide step up gearing so that the driven shaft 51 will .be driven at a higher speed than`ly 56 carried on the driven shaft- 51. All ofv the shafting may be mounted in suitable roller bearings, and the bearingsand gears may all be enclosed in a suitable gear case 57 including a removable cover 58, see Figure 5.y

The rotary drill table rotates on hardened steel balls 59, vsee Figure 3,'which`run in a suitable ball race. For a high speed such as used for driving this rotary table, we

- prefer balls to rollers.

The high speed employed for driving the. beveled gear or gear ring 49 makes it impossible to use the usual beveled gear made of a casting and having separate teeth secured to the body of thering. In order to overcome this objection'weprovide a construction for the table, such' as that illustrated in"'Figure 2, in .which the gear ring 49 is formed of a forging or'ofcast steel. This ring and the body 60 of the rotary table are .constructed in such a Way as to permit the ringto be shrunk onto the body. In order to accomplish this and provide for resisting upward thrust which may be imparted to the ring by ,the teeth of the drivingpinion 50, we provide the body 60`of the rotary table' with a substantially cylindrical face 6l below which we provide a relatively Wide yshoulder62 which operates as a seat for the ring 49. Near the upper face `63 of the table, we provide a relatively narrow annular 'shoulder 64, see Figureg2. By heating the ring 49`to a high temperature its inner diameterwill increase sufficiently to enable it to pass over theshoulder .64. The ring will then be shoved down onto its seat 62 and when it'cools a shoulder upon `it corresponding to theshoulder 64 will engage with the shoulder 64 and prevent any possibility of the ring 49 being displaced upwardly on the body of the rotary table. The teeth 65 of the ring 49 'are made/integral with the ring'and are cut in the ring by gear critters or hobbing tools. l

We shall now briefly describe the general mode of .operation of the mechanism. Through the chain 46 the engine drives the line shaft 6 and this motion is imparted to the rotary drum shaft 5 through the sprockefJ chain 7 and sprocket wheels 8 and 9, sec Figure 6.

When it is desired to raise or lower thc 25 to the gear 27, and through the pinion 29 i to the gear Wheel 30 on the worm 21. The rotation of the Aworm will rotate the worm Wheel 16, andthe rotation of'this Worm Wheely will be impa-lted through the clutch member-,19 to the drum shaft 5, to take up l.the cable.

1 Tf. the pin 38 is pulled out instead of being shoved i:nas described, the clutch at 40 will be closed so that the gear wheel 41 will rotate the pinion 29 which operates as an idler to drive the gear wheel 30, operating to drive the worm 21 at a relatively higher speed, in a direction to pay out the cable.

The engine drives t-he shaft 48 which extends under` the drum 3, and through the gears`54, 53,55 and 56 the driven shaft 51 I is driven.I at a higher speed ratio, thereby enabling the pinion 50 to drive the rotary table at a higher speed than-Would be possible if it were driven directly from the enme. s t

g The fact that the driving shaft 48 is in alinement with the driven sha-ft 51, with both of these shafts on a line passing through thecenter4 of the rotary table, it is evident that no change is necessary for this drive, in the general alinement of the shafting, butv it is merely necessary to provide the "counter shaft 52 with its step-up gear train.

This feature enables`a straight drive shaft arrangement to be readily transformed into this stepped up speed drive Without making general .alterations in the mechanism.

The body 60 of the rotary table is providedwith a projecting annular lip or apron 6,0a (see Fig. 2.) which covers the outer side of the; ball-race and keeps mud out of it. Thecnstomary locksrand pawls may be 'provided on the drive shaft andthe regular universal coupling may be provided for the drive shaft.

It is understood that the embodiment of the invention described herein is only one of `the many embodiments this invention may take and we do not wish to be limited in the practice of our invention nor in our claims to the particular embodiment set forth.

IVhat we claim is:

l. In rotary well drilling apparatus, the combination of a rotary drilling table, a cable drum for carrying a cable to support the drillingtool in the well, power actuated means for driving the drum, means for disconnecting the power-drive to the drum at will, two-speed hand actuated mechanism, and means for connecting the same at will to the drum for rotating the drum by hand at either speed. i

2. In rotary well/drilling apparatus, the combination ot a rotary drilling table, means for driving the rotary table, a cable drum for carrying a cable to support a tool in the well, means or driving the drum including a clutch, a two-speed hand-driving mechanism for rotating the drum, means for opening the clutch to permit the drum to be rotated by hand, and means for connecting the hand-driving mechanism to rotate the drum by hand at either speed.

3. In rotary well drilling apparatus, the combination of a rotary drilling table, means for driving the rotarytable, a cable drum for carrying a cable to support a tool in the well, means ,for driving thedrum including a clutch, alever for opening the clutch to permit the drum to be rotated by hand. hand-driving` mechanism, and 'a clutch with a lever independent of the first named lever to connect the hand-driving mechanism to the drum at will for rotating the same by hand. v

4. In rotary well drilling apparatus, the combination of a rotary drilling table, means for driving thevrotary table, a cable drum for carrying a cable to support a tool in the well, means for driving the vdrum including a clutch, a hand-driving mechanism for rotating the drum by hand and including means for driving the drum at a relatively low speed for raising the tool, and means for rotating the drum at a relatively higher speed for lowering the tool, means for opening the clutch to permit the drum to be rotated by hand, and means for connecting the hand driving mechanism at will to tle drum shaft for rotating the drum by han( 5. In rotary well drilling apparatus, the combination of a rotary drilling table, means for driving the rotary table, a cable drum for carrying a cable to supporta tool in the/well, means for driving the drum including aA clutch, meansfor opening the said clutch to permit the drum to be rotated by hand, hand driving mechanism including a gear train for rotating the. drum at a relatively low speed in a direction to take up the cable and raise the drilling tool, and

also including another gear train-'for rotatinvthe drum at a relatively higher speed in a irection to pay out the cable and permit' the drilling tool to descend, and means for connecting the hand-driving mechanism at will to the drum shaft for rotating the drum by hand. V

6. In a. rotary well drilling apparatus, the combination of a rotary draw works mechanism including a cable drum for carrying a cable to support the drilling tool in the well, power driving means including a clutch for driving the drum, means for opening the clutch at will, a hand actuated member, a gear train capable of being driven by the hand actuated member and connected with the drum to rotate the same at a low speed in a. direction to raise the tool, another gear train capable of being driven by the hand actuated member for rotating the drum at a relatively higher speed in a direction to lower the tool`, clutch means having a controlling member operating in one position to connect the hand actuated member to the drum through one of said gear trains and having another operative position for connecting the other gear train with the drum wherezby the tool may be raised or lowered by hand at will when the power clutch is open.

7. In a rotary well drilling apparatus, the combination of a rotarydraw works mechanism, including a cable drum for carrying a cable to support the drilling tool in the well, power driving means including a clutch for driving the drum, means for opening the clutch at will, hand-actuated mechanism Jfor rotating the draw works drum at a low speed to raise or lower the tool at will, with means for connecting the same to the drum at will, shafting extending past the rotary draw-works mechanism for driving the rotary table by power, and step-up mechanism associated with the shafting and located between the rotary draw works mechanism and the table.

8. In a rotary well drilling apparatus, the combination of a rotary draw works mechanism including a cable drum for carrying a cable to sup ort the drilling tool in the well, power riving means including a clutch for driving the drum, means for opening the clutch at will, hand-actuated mechanism for rotating the draw works drum at a low speed to raise or lower the tool at will, with means for connecting the vsame to the drum at will, a driving shaft extendin under the drum and axially alined wlth the center of the rotary table, a driven shaft alined with the driving shaft extending toward the table and havlng means for rotating the rotary table, a counter-shaft parallel to the driving shaft and driven shaft and located opposlte the adjacent ends of the driven shaft and driving shaft, and

step up gearing betweeny the counter shaft and the other shafts for driving the table at an increased speed ratio. v x 9. In a rotary well drilling apparatus, the 5 combination of a rotary draw works mechanism including a cable drum for carrying a cable to support the drilling tool in the well, power drivingmeans including a clutch for driving the drum, means for opening, the clutch at` will, hand actuated mechanism with a gear train for rotating the drum at a relatively low speed to rotate the same slowly in a. direction to raise the drill tool, and including a second gear train forrotating the drum at a relatively higher speed in a direction to lowerthe tool lin the well, a rotary table, a driving shaft extending under the drum with step-up gearing located between the drum and the table for rotating the table at an increased 'speed ratio.

10. In a rotary drilling apparatus, the

combination of a rotary draw works mechanism including a cable drum for carrying a cable to support the drilling tool in the well, power driving means including a clutch for drivngthe drum., means for opening the clutch at will, hand actuated mechanism for rotating the drum, a clutch for connecting the same at will to the drum for rotating the drumrslowly by hand at will to raise or lower thetool, a rotary table, sliafting for driving the rotary table extending from a point near the drum and having a pinion adjacent the rotary table for driving the same, said table having a body with a gear ring carrying teeth 'shrunk onto the body, and step-up gearing associated with the shafting for drivin the rotary table at an increasedl speed ratlo.

EDWIN lW. GOESER. y WILLIAM C. MCDUFF IE.

Images