US1569794A - Flying machine - Google Patents

Description

FLYING MACHINE Filed April 15 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 WITNESSES INVENTOR ATTORNEYS 5W4. LE/JYMAN W50.- fl fl @W Y W Jan. 12 1925- r 1,569,794

L. WEIL FLYING MACHINE Filed April 15 J 1 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ZEHMAN WE/L ATTORNEYS Jan. 12 1926- Filed April 15 1925 L. WElL FLYING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented Jan. 12, 1926 ulnar wm, ,or raw Yoax, x. Y.

OFFICE.

FLYING CHINE.

a lication ma A ril 15, 1925. semi Iol aaso'z.

To all whom it may concern: V

Be it known that I, LEHMAN WEIL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Man-' hattan, in the county and State of New York, have inventedv a new and Improved Fl ing Machine, of which the following is a fuYl, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to flying machines, and of the type adapted particularly to be operated by man power, but, may, if desired, be driven in the usual manner engine.

An object of the invention is the pro- I vision ofia flying machine having pairs of oscillating wings at its front and rear ends adapted to be operated by foot pedals fordriving thesfiying machine forwardly with sufiicient speed that the device wil e vated in the usual manner.

.' Another object of the invention is the pro vision of a flying machine having pairs of oscillating propellers at its forward and rear ends, the propellers consisting of a plurality of blades in vertical alignment and automatically operated to en position during the return of the os'cil ating' blades but closed during the propelling movement.

A further object o the invention is the provision of a flying machine having forward and rear vertically disposedv propellers consisting of a plurality of vertically aligned blades having plane surfaces and co-operating concavo-convex surfaces which are normally forced a ainst the air infonedirec tion for prope ing the flying machine, but

are positively placed in a horizontal position upon the return or inoperative strokes of the pro ellers. I

A still rther object ofthe invention is the provision of an operating mechanismffor actuating vertically disposed oscillating propellers which include a plurality of oscillating blades with mechanism for controlling the actuation of the oscillating blades.

With the above recited and other objects in view, the invention resides in the novel construction set forth in the following specification, particularl pointed out in the ap-, pended claims and illustrated in the'accomelepanyin drawings, it being understood that the ri t is reserved to embodiments other than t ose'actually illustrated herein, to the full extent indicated by the general meaning of the terms in which the claims are expressed.

In the drawings--- Figural is a view in perspective of a fl ing machine constructed according to t e principles of my invention, with the omission 0 the operatin mechanism;

Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the flying machine; and

Figure 3 1s a plan'view of the same. Referring moreparticularly to the drawin a frame-is more or less diagrammatiea ly shownof the stream-line type, to which is secured in spaced relation vertically disposed; struts land 2 adapted to support in the usual manner a pair of planes 3 in spaced relation above the body 4 of the frame; The frame is adapted to be covered nected to an operating stick which is pivmounted at a point adjacent the seat the operator, the seat being supported upon the floor 12 of the body 4 of the flying machine. a The cables 7 i and 8 are entrained over pulleys in orderto maintain the proper alignment and support the cablesin a well known manner.

The bars 13 connected depend below the floor 12 and are provided with hearings in which is rotatably mounted a shaft 14; To said shaft are secured wheels 15 adapted to normally engagethe ground. Bars 16 of the frame or body are extended otally .belowthe floor 12 and carry an axle 17 upon which: are loosely mounted wheels 18 disposed forwardly of the wheels 15. Adjacent the rear end are provided depending bars 19 carrying an axle 20 for supporting wheels 21. wh1ch engage the ground at the rear when the body tilts rearwardly.

A. rudder 22 is pivotally mounted at 23 upon therear end or tail 24 of the flying with the body 4 machine and is adapted to be oscillated laterally by means of cables connected with the rudder and directed forwardly and secured to a vertical shaft 26 located adjacent the seat 11 and which has an operating wheel 27. a

A air of propellers generally designated by the numerals 29 and 30 are pivotally mounted at 31 and have a rearward extension 32. Each of the ropellers includes a rigid frame 33 and a p uraiity of vertically dis sed blades 34 hingedly mounted at their u per ends to the vertical bars 35 and 36 of the frame. Each of the blades has a lane surface 37 and a concave-convex surface 38 located forwardly of the lane surface and projectir filbeyond the en bar 35 of the frame 33. e member 38 in each blade of the pro ller is curved in such a manner that it wl form a pocket to receive the air when the propeller is oscillated rearwardly or towards the body of the aero lane. 4 P A link 39 is connected to the extension 32 of the propeller 29, and this link is connected to a lever 40 rigidly mounted on a shaft 41 which is actuated-by a lever 42, a link 43 and a lever 44 rigid with a shaft 45. The shaft 45 is mounted in bearin s on a standard 46, and a s rocket 47 rigid with shaft 45 is driven y a chain 48, and sprocket 49 secured to a shaft 50. This shaft is provided with a pair of cranks 51 adapted to be actuated by right and left treadles 52 and 53 which are ivotall mounted at their outer ends on t e sha t 45. These treadles are actuated by the o erator of the car and are dis sed below an adjacent the seat 11. The sl ft is carried b brackets 54 mounted on the frame of the ying machine.

A second link 55 is connected to the extension 32 of the propeller 30 and is also connected to a lever similar to the lever 40 which is rigid with the shaft 41 so that when the treadles 52 and 53 are operated alternately, both propellers will be oscillated towards and away from the axis of the bod The frame 33 is provided with a depending bar 56 carrying a wheel 57 which is adapted to engage the ground when the mac ine alights and to prevent in'ury to the propellers at this time, for ot erwise thepropellers might be abruptly forced into the ground as the machine is tilted'and en'- gaies the surface of the landing place.

' pair of rear ropellers are provided, as shown, having a inged mounting at 58 on the corner posts of the frame, and a bar 59 rigid with the frame 60 of the rear propellers carries the hinged mounting of the rear propellers. Each of these rear propellers are provided with a plurality of verticallyah ed blades having plane surfaces 61 and concavo-convex surfaces 62 rejecting rearwardly from the plane suraces 61 and, as shown more particularly in Fi ures 3 and 4, the pro llers are adapted to 'moved simultaneo and with the pair of the planes at each en and on the same side of the axis of the frame moving towards or away from each other. The rear pro- 4 llers are operated by a mechanism similar in'all respects to the operating mechanism for the front propellers and include links 63, levers 64 and 65, a shaft 66, a link 67, a lever 68 connecting the link 67 to a shaft 69, a chain 70 and sprockets 71 and 72, the sprocket 72 being rigid with the shaft 50.

The blades 34 of the front ropellers and the blades of the rear prope lers are positively actuated on their respective frames so that when the propellers are moved rearwardly in each case, the blades will be in closed position to beat against the air, while when moving forwardly the are positively positioned in a horizontal p ane in order to eliminate the action of the air on the blades so that there will be no interference and the flyin machine may be readily driven forwar y.

As shown more particularly in Figure 2, the lower end of each of the blades 1s pivotally connected to a rod 7 3 which, by means of a link 74, is connected to a crank shaft 75.- This crank shaft is operated through a sprocket 76, a chain 77 and a s rocket 78 mounted on a shaft 79. This sha t is driven through asprocket 80 on a shaft 79, a chain 81 and a sprocket 82 secured to a shaft 83. A toothed wheel 84 is rigid with the shaft 83 and is adapted togbe engaged by a pair of pins 85 located at diametrically op osite points on a wheel 86. This wheel is riven y a shaft 87, which in turn is driven by a chain 88 and a sprocket 89 on a shaft 45.

An instrument board 90 is located adjacent the seat 11.

A sprocket 93 is rigidly connected with the shaft 50 and drives a chain 94, which in turn drives a sprocket 95. The last mcntioned sprocket drives the shaft 14 and therefore causes the wheels 15 to be revolved, which aids in propelling the flying machine when the same 1s on the ground and which is adapted to operate as a flywheel when the flying machine is in flight.

The operation of m device is as follows:

After the operator as taken his position on the seat 11 and operated the stick 10 to raise the elevator 6, the treadles 52 and 53 are then actuated, setting in motion the wheels 15 the front oscillating propellers 29 and 30 and'rear propellers 60. \Vhile the ropellers 29 and 30 are moved rearwar 1 against the air, the propellers 60' are move for wardly with the air and the blades of the rear pro ellers are placed in a, horizontal position y means of the mechanism 'ust described,

ad at i any timeiwhen lthefpropellers are. moving with the direction of the flyinglmachine. The

against the air will-force the'flying machine.

forwardly and on their return or" inoperative stroke their blades will be moved toa horizontal or inoperative osition while the other kind of supporting surface mounted blades of the rear prope lers will be'placed in a vertical or operative position and, beating against the air, will also force the flying machine forwardly. It will benoted that the continuous operation of the propellers will force the fiyin machine forwardly at such speed that t e air engaging beneath the plane 3 will cause the machine to rise from the ound.

convex portions 38 of thefront propellers and the similar pockets 62 of the rear propellers have their greatest depth as shown at 91 adjacent the outer end of the plane surfaces of the propellers so that the pocketin of the air will have itsgreatest effect at this point and,furthermore, when the blades are placed in a horizontal position, the gradual listing of the depth of the pocket will tend to' aid the ready discharge of the air from said pockets.

The front and rearset of vertical ellers swing in opposite directions, $01 the purpose 0 balancin each other, and, second, to produce a stea y, continuous 'forward movement. If these propellers move in the same direction at thesame time,

' the tendency for the machine would be to tilt or fall, and by reason of this particular action this tendency is eliminated.

It is also to'be understood that not only -the biplanes shown in the drawings but any on. the body of the flying machine can be used, such other surfaces eing monoplanes,

\ multiplanes, planes at tandem, etc. The use of the automatic device for the opening and closing of the oscillating blades of the ver 'tic'al propellers at the proper moment, that is, the moment the vertical propellers start to swing forwardly or rearwardly, is absolutely necessary for the safe and eflicient operationof the flying machine for the following reasons:

The arrangement and hinging of the oscillating blades to the frame of the vertical propeller allow, owing to the pressure exerted by theblades aga nst the air, the blades to open and to close automatically without the useof the" automatic device provided the weather is erfect, calnmess of the air revailin (1') at even then as soon as the yin ma iin so in rap i' flight, the pressure of the air against the front of the rearwardly swinging vertical pro ellers will, without theiuse of the automatic device, force the blades i C I 1,669,794 A V assassins em a .fo'rwardf propellers heating 0 H and in fact impossible astheflymg machine out the use of blades of the forwardly swingin It will also be noted that the concavovertical plane,

e is in motion, and more open,'lthus -rendering the vertical-propellers impotentfforfthe performance of their p-opxer functions and make the operation mes unmanageable. (2) The pressure of strong air currents blowing in the oppositel direction to the course of the ying machine willalso force vertical propellers.

(3) Air currents moving at right angle or any other angle to (the direction of the course of the flying machine will keep, witht e automatic device, the vertical propellers open and prevent them rom clos- 1n at the proper moment when the prope ers start to swing rearvaardl v Having thus described my invention, I claim: I

1. In a flying machine, a body, airs'of propellers hingedly mounted at t e forward and rear ends of said body, and means for oscillating a pair of the propellers at each end towards or away from each of the propellers comprising a plural- 1ty of pivotally mounted blades and means for positively oscillating the blades.

2. In a flying machine, a bod pairs of propellers hingedly mounted at t i and rear ends of said' body, means for oscillating a pair of the propellers at each end towards or away from each other, each of the propellers comprisingv a plurality of pivotally mounted blades disposed in a vertical plane, and means for moving the blades toan angle of 90,

3. In a'flying machine, a body, airs of propellers hingedly mounted at t e forward and rear ends of said body, means for, oscillating a pair of the propellers at each end towards or away from each other, each of-the ropellerscomprising a plurality of pivota y mounted blades disposed in a and means for moving the blades from a vertical to tion and for! returning the blades to their vertical positions. I i 4. In a flying machine, a body, pairs of propellers hingedly mounted at the forward and rear ends of for oscillating a pair of the propellers at each; end towards or away from each other, each of the propellers comprising a plurality of pivota ly mounted blades, the ends of the blades being provided with pockets.

5. In a ing'machine', a body, pairs of propellers ingedly mounted at the fore flying machine extremely dangerous each other,-

said body, and means e forward a horizontal posiward and rear ends of said body, and means for oscillating a pair of the propellers at each end towards or away from each other, each of the propellers comprising a ends of the blades being provided with a ocket which decreases in depth from its inner end to its outer.

6. In a ll ing machine, a body, glairs of propellers ingedly mounted at t e forward and rear ends of said body, means for oscillating a pair of the propellers at each end towards or away from each other, each of the ropellers comprising a plurality of ivotal mounted blades, means for oscilating t e blades towards or' away from the propellers,

eratively oscillating the ropellers and simultaneously operating t e blades.

7. In a flying machine, a body, propellers hingedly mounted at t e forward and rear ends of said bod each of said propellers comprising a rame pivotally mounted on the body and blades disposed in vertical alignment and hingedly connected at spaced points with the frame,

and means for swinging the blades towards the frame when the pro ellers are oper atively moved and for swinging'the blades away from the frame when the propellers are eing moved to an inoperative position.

8. In a fl ing machine, a body, pairs of propellers hingedly mounted at the forward and rear ends of said body, each of said propellers comprising a frame pivotally mounted on the body and blades disposed in vertical alignment and hingedly connected at s aced points with the frame, and means or swinging the blades towards the frame when the pro ellers are operatively moved and for swinging the blades away from the frame when the propellers are being moved to an inoperative position, the outer ends of the ropellers being rovided with pockets and forming part the blades.

9. In a flying machine, a body, pairs of propellers hingedly mounted atthe forward and rear ends of said body, each of said propellers comprising a frame pivotally mounted on the body and blades disposed in vertical alignment and hingedly connected at spaced points withthe frame, and means for swinging the blades towards the frame whenthe propellers are operatively moved and for swinging the blades away from the frame when the propellers are being moved to an inoperative position, the similarly positioned propellers at the front and rear of the machine moving in opposite directions, the operating means' for swinging the blades being adapted to cause swingin in the opposite direction, causing the blades of the rear propeller to swing in an opposite direction from the blades of the front propellers.

10. In a flying machine, a body provided with rigid struts, arallcl planes spaced from each other and tilted upwardly from the horizontal at their forward ends, osciland a common means for co-oppairs of lating propellers connected in pairs at the op osite ends of the bod means for oscillatmg the propellers a s aft su ported below the body member, and wheels rigid with the shaft for supporting the flying machine on the ground, and means connecting the operating means for oscillating the lating propellers connected in pairs at the opposite ends of the body, means for oscillatmg the propellers, a shaft su ported below the body member, and wheels rigid with the shaft for en porting the flying machine on the ground means connecting the operating means for oscillating the propellers for causing rotation of the shaft and propulsion of the flying machine when on the ground, an elevator pivoted at the rear end of the body member, and a rudder pivoted at the rear end of the body and below the elevator.

12. In a flying machine, a body, airs of propellers hingedly mounted at t e forward and rear ends of said body, means for oscillating airs of the propellers towards or away rom each other, said means comprising a pair of treadles, means for connecting the treadles to a crank shaft, :1. pair of levers connected to other at their free ends by a link, a shaft rigid with each lever, means operatively connecting the shafts with the crank shaft, and means connecting one of the pairs of shafts with an oscillating propeller.

13. In a flying machine, a body, pairs of propellers hingedl mounted at the forward and rear en s of said body, each of said propellers comprising a plurality of pivotally mounted blades disposed in vertical alignment, a rod pivotally connected to the lower end of each blade, a crank shaft, a link connecting the first mentioned rod with the crank shaft, a wheel having a pair of pins atdiametrically opposite points, a toothed wheel adapted to be engaged by the pins for periodically operating the toothed wheel, and means operatively connecting the toothed wheel with the crank shaft whereby the blades are periodically oscillated.

14. In a flying machine, a body, pairs of propellers hingedly mounted at the forward and rear ends of said body, each of said propellers comprising a plurality of pivotally mounted blades disposed in vertical alignment, a rod ivotally connected to the lower end of eacii blade, a crank shaft, a link connectin the first mentioned rod with the crank sha a wheel having a pair of ing the toothed wheel with the crank shaft whereby the blades are periodically oscillated, and means for oscillating the propellers, said last mentioned means being so timed with the operating means for the blades that as a propeller is moved forwardly the blades are moved to an open position or when the propeller is moved rearwardly on its inoperative stroke the blades are closed;

15. In a flying machine, a body, pairs of propellers hingedly mounted at the opposite ends of said body, means for oscillat ing pairs of propellers at the ends towards or away from each other, earh'of said propellers consisting of a frame hingedly mounted on the body and blades disposed in vertical alignment and having hinged connections at their tops with the frame, wheels for normally supporting the body of the flying machine, and a wheel carried b the frame at the forward ends of the aeroplane for engaging the ground to prevent injury to the forward propellers.

LEHMAN WEIL.

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