US1558961A - Manufacture of filaments or cathodes for electric lamps, thermionic tubes and the like - Google Patents
Manufacture of filaments or cathodes for electric lamps, thermionic tubes and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1558961A US1558961A US751939A US75193924A US1558961A US 1558961 A US1558961 A US 1558961A US 751939 A US751939 A US 751939A US 75193924 A US75193924 A US 75193924A US 1558961 A US1558961 A US 1558961A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- core
- manufacture
- coating
- cathodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001446467 Mama Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 platino chloride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
- H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12868—Group IB metal-base component alternative to platinum group metal-base component [e.g., precious metal, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
Definitions
- a further object of the invention is to provide a metallic filament with a thermionically active coating in such a manner that the coating will remain active and united to the filament over a relatively long period without developin any greater temperature than will cause a low, thereby renders ing the invention articularly applicable to the production of laments for employment in thermionic devices of the kind known as dull emitters.
- an improved process for the manufacture of laments for electric lamps, thermionic tubes and the like which consists in coating a base or refractory metal or allo of relatively hi h specific resistance an melting point wit a noble metal, or alloy thereof, the term noble metal- -being intended to conveyLmetals which. are not tarnishable under ordinary. atmospheric conditions.
- the invention further consists in coating a base or core formed as above described,
- base or core for the production of a coated filament is formed by coating a base or refractory metal of relatively high specific resistance and melting point with a noble metal or alloy thereof, for example, ni-
- chrome wire (80% Ni. Cr.) may be coated with platinum or a refractory metal such as molybdenum or tungsten may be coated with platinum or palladium.
- platinum. is the coating required it may be produced by passing the core through a bath containing a solution of'ammonium 'platino chloride or other suitable salt, the wire coated by passage through this.
- the base or refractory metal may be coated whilst in the form of an ingot and subsequently drawn down through dies in the usual manner to form a filament or wire of the required thickness.
- the coating of a noble metal may be imparted to a wire or ingot by means of cathodal deposition.
- a composite filament or wire formed as above described may itself be used as a base or core to receive a coating consisting of an inorganic compound or compounds of the alkaline earth metals preferably the oxides of calcium, barium or strontium, either separately or combined.
- One method of applying such a coating consists in immersing the wire core in" a bath containing a solution of nitrates of the alkaline earth metals, the coated wire being then dried and raised to a high temperature of about one thousand degrees 0., to reduce the nitrates to the corresponding oxides, but any of the methods for producing a coating of inor anic compounds of the alkaline earth meta s described in my concurrent application No. 28491/23 may be employed whilst the base or core may consist apart from nichrome wire of Hoskins alloy or a refractory metal suchas molybdenum.
- the invention further enables ma.
- filaments of desirable thickness to be used in constructing cathodes which will require batteries of high voltage and low current capacity, thus enabling dry batteries to be used where accumulators would otherwise be required.
- a thermionically active coating to a metallic base or core as above described a filament is obtained inwhich both the coating and the core have such charac teristics of permanency and specific resistance that the completed filament or cathode will remain thermionically active over a relatively long period without developing any greater temperature than will cause a dull glow.
- a heated cathode for vacuum tubes comprising a core of relatively high specific resistance and melting point coated with a noble metal and an active coating of one or more compounds of the alkaline earth metals.
- a heating cathode for vacuum tubes comprising a core of relatively high specific resistance and. melting point coated with a noble metal and an active coating of one or more compounds of the alkaline earth metals, said compounds comprising the inorganic compounds of calcium, barium and strontium.
- a process for the manufacture of cathode filaments for vacuum tubes which c011- sists in forming a core of relatively high specific resistance and melting point, coating said core with a noble metal, coating the filament thus formed with a compound or compounds of the alkaline earth metals in solution or suspension and heating the filament thus coated.
- a heated cathode for vacuum tubes comprising a core of relatively high specific resistance and melting point coated with a noble metal alloy and an active coating of one or more compounds of the alkaline earth metals.
- a heating cathode for vacuum tubes comprising a core of relatively high specific resistance and melting point coated With a noble metal alloy and an active coating of one or more compounds of the alkaline earth metals, said compounds comprising the morganic compounds of calcium, barium and strontium.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Description
Patented a. 27, 1925. U N I T E D S PA ENT OFFICE.
WILLIAM RICHARD BULLIMORE, LONDON, ENGLAND.
MANUFACTURE OF FILAMENTS 0R CATHO'DES FOR ELECTRIC LAMPS, THERMIONJEC TUBES AND THE LIKE.
No Drawin g.
T 0 all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WILLIAM RICHARD BULLIMORE, a subject of the King of Great Britain, of Aberdeen Works, Aberdeen Lane, Highbury Grove, London, N. 5. England, have ,invented new and useful Improveme'nts in the Manufacture of Filaments or Cathodes for Electric Lamps,
' Thermionic Tubes and the like (for which I have filed applications in Great Britain No.
of metallic filaments which enables filamentsof comparatively large diameter to be used for a given resistance, thereby obtaining greater mechanical strength and emission surface without increase of temperature or of current consumption,
A further object of the invention is to provide a metallic filament with a thermionically active coating in such a manner that the coating will remain active and united to the filament over a relatively long period without developin any greater temperature than will cause a low, thereby renders ing the invention articularly applicable to the production of laments for employment in thermionic devices of the kind known as dull emitters.
According to the invention an improved process is provided for the manufacture of laments for electric lamps, thermionic tubes and the like which consists in coating a base or refractory metal or allo of relatively hi h specific resistance an melting point wit a noble metal, or alloy thereof, the term noble metal- -being intended to conveyLmetals which. are not tarnishable under ordinary. atmospheric conditions.
The invention further consists in coating a base or core formed as above described,
with one or more pure compounds of the alkaline earth meta series.
In carrying the invention into effect according to the preferred form, a filament or Application filed November 24, 1924. Serial No. 751,939.
base or core for the production of a coated filament is formed by coating a base or refractory metal of relatively high specific resistance and melting point with a noble metal or alloy thereof, for example, ni-
chrome wire (80% Ni. Cr.) may be coated with platinum or a refractory metal such as molybdenum or tungsten may be coated with platinum or palladium.
Where platinum. is the coating required it may be produced by passing the core through a bath containing a solution of'ammonium 'platino chloride or other suitable salt, the wire coated by passage through this.
bath being subsequently heated to cause the platinum to become dissociated from the compound and adhere to the core. Alternatively, the base or refractory metal may be coated whilst in the form of an ingot and subsequently drawn down through dies in the usual manner to form a filament or wire of the required thickness. The coating of a noble metal may be imparted to a wire or ingot by means of cathodal deposition.
A composite filament or wire formed as above described may itself be used as a base or core to receive a coating consisting of an inorganic compound or compounds of the alkaline earth metals preferably the oxides of calcium, barium or strontium, either separately or combined. One method of applying such a coating consists in immersing the wire core in" a bath containing a solution of nitrates of the alkaline earth metals, the coated wire being then dried and raised to a high temperature of about one thousand degrees 0., to reduce the nitrates to the corresponding oxides, but any of the methods for producing a coating of inor anic compounds of the alkaline earth meta s described in my concurrent application No. 28491/23 may be employed whilst the base or core may consist apart from nichrome wire of Hoskins alloy or a refractory metal suchas molybdenum.
By using a core of a metal of highspecific.
resistance, filaments of comparatively large diameter are required for a given resistance thereby, obtaining greater mechanical strength and emission surface under the same conditions of temperature as compared with platinum or other metal used alone. Consequently the same emission may be obtained as heretofore with lower current consumption. The invention further enables mama.
filaments of desirable thickness to be used in constructing cathodes which will require batteries of high voltage and low current capacity, thus enabling dry batteries to be used where accumulators would otherwise be required.
By uniting a thermionically active coating to a metallic base or core as above described a filament is obtained inwhich both the coating and the core have such charac teristics of permanency and specific resistance that the completed filament or cathode will remain thermionically active over a relatively long period without developing any greater temperature than will cause a dull glow. I
I claim:
1. A heated cathode for vacuum tubes, comprising a core of relatively high specific resistance and melting point coated with a noble metal and an active coating of one or more compounds of the alkaline earth metals.
2. A heating cathode for vacuum tubes, comprising a core of relatively high specific resistance and. melting point coated with a noble metal and an active coating of one or more compounds of the alkaline earth metals, said compounds comprising the inorganic compounds of calcium, barium and strontium.
3. A process for the manufacture of cathode filaments for vacuum tubes which c011- sists in forming a core of relatively high specific resistance and melting point, coating said core with a noble metal, coating the filament thus formed with a compound or compounds of the alkaline earth metals in solution or suspension and heating the filament thus coated.
4. A process for the manufacture of cathode filaments for vacuum tubes according to claim 8, including the step of passing the core through a solution or suspension of a compound of a noble metal and heating to cause dissociation of the compound, and adherance of the metal to the core.
5. A heated cathode for vacuum tubes, comprising a core of relatively high specific resistance and melting point coated with a noble metal alloy and an active coating of one or more compounds of the alkaline earth metals.
6. A heating cathode for vacuum tubes, comprising a core of relatively high specific resistance and melting point coated With a noble metal alloy and an active coating of one or more compounds of the alkaline earth metals, said compounds comprising the morganic compounds of calcium, barium and strontium.
In witness whereof I affix my signature.
l/VILLIAM RICHARD BULLIMORE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US751939A US1558961A (en) | 1924-11-24 | 1924-11-24 | Manufacture of filaments or cathodes for electric lamps, thermionic tubes and the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US751939A US1558961A (en) | 1924-11-24 | 1924-11-24 | Manufacture of filaments or cathodes for electric lamps, thermionic tubes and the like |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1558961A true US1558961A (en) | 1925-10-27 |
Family
ID=25024170
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US751939A Expired - Lifetime US1558961A (en) | 1924-11-24 | 1924-11-24 | Manufacture of filaments or cathodes for electric lamps, thermionic tubes and the like |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1558961A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2417458A (en) * | 1943-07-28 | 1947-03-18 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Electrode |
| US2733378A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Thermionic cathodes for electronic discharge devices | ||
| US2877396A (en) * | 1954-01-25 | 1959-03-10 | Rca Corp | Semi-conductor devices |
| US3353134A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1967-11-14 | Amphenol Corp | Resistive element and variable resistor |
-
1924
- 1924-11-24 US US751939A patent/US1558961A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2733378A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Thermionic cathodes for electronic discharge devices | ||
| US2417458A (en) * | 1943-07-28 | 1947-03-18 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Electrode |
| US2877396A (en) * | 1954-01-25 | 1959-03-10 | Rca Corp | Semi-conductor devices |
| US3353134A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1967-11-14 | Amphenol Corp | Resistive element and variable resistor |
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