US1550310A - Building material - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 18, 1925. 1,550,310

A. C. FISCHER I BUILDING MATERIAL Filed Jan. 15. 1921 heats saturated .wz' Z71 sZozwdrymy adhesive.

I w 5" I j/ZUCW JZberZ (Z [the/264' Patented Aug. 18, ILQES.

entrain ALBERT C. FISCHER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BUXLDING MATERIAL.

A plication, filed January 15, 1921. Serial No. 437,621.

citizen of the United States, residing in Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Building Materials, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to roofing material and methods of making same.

In applying roofing material to buildings, it has been common practice to mount sheets of tar, paper, felt, or similar material on the roof and to use hot pitch, asphalt, or other plastic material for the purpose of binding together-said sheets. This process-is quite costly, inasmuch as the plastic material must be heated on the job and as a general proposition must be hauled from the ground to the roof which is being made, the procedure involving relatively large labor cost and more or less skilled artisans.

Thepresent invention has for one of its objects the provision of roofing material which may be stored or transported in condition to be applied to a roof without the necessity of applying hot plastic materials thereto.

A further object is to provide roofing material having an adhesive surface, which roofing material may be transported or stored for long periods of time without deterioration. i

A further object is to provide roofing material which has adhesive matter applied thereto, the construction being such that two sheets of roofing material may be applied face to face to one another, for storage or shipment, and may be readily separated without tearing or abrading the roofing material.

A. further object is to provide roofing material having an adhesive surface,said material'having the advantage that two sheets thereof placed with their adhesive surfaces stored or shipped without deterioration and.

face to face may be separated, the line ofmay be readily handled for application for roofing or waterproofing purposes.

The one figure of the drawing illustrates a sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention.

The figure is diagrammatic and is presented merely for the purpose of presenting an example of the improved structure and is not to be considered in a limiting sense. The drawing illustrates two layers 1 and 2 of roofing material, both of which may be saturated in the manner to be referred to hereinafter. The numeral 3 indicates, on an exaggerated scale, a layer of adhesive between the sheets 1 and 2.

The present invention may be carried out inanuinber of different ways and may take a great variety of forms, of which the following are illustrative.

Sheets of roofing material are provided, which may be tar paper, felt, or other preferred material and which will be referred to herein by the general term of vehicle. Said vehicle may be saturated with a nondrying oil, such as cottonseed oil, rape-seed oil, castor oil, or other similar oil, in a treated or untreated form. Drying oils, such as soya bean or China wood oil, preferably blown, may be used as the saturant; or drying oils may be mixed with non-drying oils, such as linseed oil. Drying oils may be used for the reason that the application of $5 vadhesive thereto prevents access of air,

whereby drying is retarded to a practical extent. Said oil acts as a waterproofing filler for the vehicle. The saturated vehicle may then have applied thereto an adhesive, which may be of any preferred kind. The fact that the vehicle is saturated with the oil will prevent the deep penetration of the adhesive into the body of the vehicle and at the same time the oil will preventthe dry- 9 ing out of the adhesive, whereby said adhesive will continue for long periods of time in its mastic state. If preferred, the saturant of the vehicle may be a slow-drying adhesive. Gilsonite or other more bituminous substances may be used in varying proportions (for example, from 10 to 20 per cent) with a non-drying oil such as castor oil (90 to 80 per cent). If a blowncastor oil is used, the proportion may range as high 05 as per cent of blown castor oil with 5 per cent of bitumen, gilsonite, Texas, or Trinidad. It may be necessary in some cases to heat under pressure in order to secure union. It will be understood, of course, that the percentages referred to are merely illustrative and will vary under varying conditions. Other oils and other bituminous substances may be used, in. which cases the proportions will be subject to considerable variation. For instance, 15 per cent of bitumen, 75 per cent of castor oil and 10 per cent of rape-seed oil may be united by gradualheating. The saturant may also be a combination of two or more of the following substances: cottonseed oil, cotton-seed oil foots, or pitch, and semi-liquid bituminous substances of various consistencies.

If preferred, the saturant may contain a large proportion of kerosene, or other distillate of higher volatile qualities, such as naptha or turpentine, which are solvent in their nature and which may be used in combination with rather dense adhesive material to form a union.

If preferred,- the vehicle may be coated with a dense waterproofing mastic coating, which may be of a bituminous or vegetable nature, and applying to said coating a slowdrying adhesive; on, if preferred, an adhesive repellant, which in the course of time becomes adhesive, may be used, examples of such substances .being plain castor oil or silicate of soda. If two vehicles treated as described are placed face to face they may be stored or shipped without deterioration, but may be readily separated when desired.

If preferred, the vehicle may be coated with a mixture of dense waterproofing mastic and a slow-drying adhesive. Without attempting to explain the action of this combination, it is possible that theoozing out of the slow-drying adhesive develops a film which creates a plane of cleavage between juxtaposed sheets.

In another aspect of the present invention, fibre may beincorporated in-a dense waterproofing mastic, the combination being pressed into thin sheets and coated with a slow-drying adhesive; or the fibre, dense waterproofing mastic and slow-drying adhesive may be incorporated together. The slow-drying adhesive should preferably be incorporated when the dense mastic is in a relatively chilled state, for instance, about 125 degrees Fahrenheit.

The next step was to place decorative coatings, such as, crushed slate, slag, pebbles etc. on the weathering surface for both decorative and weather resisting purposes. 1. This invention relates first to saturants for vehicles forming roofing sheets, insulating papers, tapes, shingles etc.

The vehicle may be saturated:

a. With a non-drying oil, such as, cotton seed oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil etc., acting as a mastic waterproofing filler of the vehicle. It may also form a slow junction with a coating of bituminous or vegetable matter fiuxed with oils that will unite with the vehicle filler or with mineral oils which will not unite with the vehicle saturant. The tendency being to keep the coating in a thoroughly mastic state where the substances will unite and a pliable state where they will not unite. Castor oil may be used as the saturant where non-union with mineral oils is preferred, the coating may be a high melting point bituminous or vegetable substance with mineral oils, or the coating may be any combination or flux, mineral, vegetable or animal oils.

b. The saturant may be the combination of a bituminous substance and a vegetable oil heated and combined at high temperature producing a viscous sa-turant. Gilsonite, Texas or other high melting bituminous substances may be used in varying proportions from 10 to 20 per cent, and a viscous oil, such as cast-or, where union with other oils is not desirable 80 to per cent. If a blown castor oil is used the proportions may be as high as 5 per cent bitumin, 'gilsonite, Texas or Trinidad and per cent blown castor oil. It may be necessary in some cases to heat under pressure in order to secure union.

0. Where union with other oils is desired this formula may be bitumin 15 per cent, castor oil 7 5 per cent, rape oil 10 per cent, united by gradual heating. This formula .will unite with other mineral oils where present.

d. This saturant may also be a single vegetable or bituminous adhesive, such as, cottonseed, Foots pitch or road oil, sludges and semi-liquid, bituminous substances of varying consistencies, such saturants, where treated with an overcoa-ting of a viscous vegetable or combination vegetable and bituminous adhesive will be separable along the lines of such coating.

6-. Drying oils, preferably blown, may be used as the saturant and coated with any of Y the adhesive, bituminous orvegetable coatings, or drying oils may be mixed with nondrying oilsa formula for the first would be blown soya bean or China wood oilthe second linseed and neats foot, castor etc., 50 per cent each or in varying quantities.

f. The saturant may bea mastic of 80 per cent kerosene and 20 per cent bitumen,

the vehicle when saturated, coated with a viscous oil such as castor, in a combination which will not unite with mineral oils, or

other coating or saturant may be utilized.

Higher volatile oils may be used, as, naptha, turpentine, etc. The use of these saturants is especially suitable for roofing tapes and other purposes where a soft pliable body is desired.

low 80, but which might develop adhesiveness above that point, making it impossible to separate the-sheets except for dusting or completely spueezing out excess matters.

My invention relates to omitting the dust and coating this surface with a slow drying, tacky adhesive substance of a vegetable or bituminous nature, or combination of same, afterthecoatinghas become chilled, or a viscous, oily, adhesive repellent which later becomes tacky or adhesive. One ofthe formulas adapted for this purpose would be the commercial product on the market known as tree tangle foot, which has been on the market for approximately fifteen years, and which-is compounded of resin,

vegetable oils, non-drying oils and oth'er gummy substances; blown castor, silicate of soda areadhesive repellents, yet when set develop adhesiveness. Other coatings which ,will answer the same purpose are described in my co-petition, filled as of this date, set ting-forth various formulas for this purpose.

The action of this coating is to remain inert, and while some of the oilmay be absorbed by the chilled coating, suflicient' will remain so' that the surface of the sheet or sheets may be readily separated after a mates the' following period of months and used for various roofing purposes. I

. 3. invention relates, thirdly, to the same saturated bases, with a coating on one or both sides of'a slow drying, tacky bituminous, vegetable or animal substance or combination of two or more, which approxi= specifications; or may. be more or lessfluidr. v c

(1) The consistency at 77 should be below '7.0.-

(2)" The susceptibility factor should be. as low as possible, preferably under 25.

(3). The-ductility at. 77 should be as high as possible and preferably over centimeters.

(4) Fusing point by K 8;. be bet-ween 80 and 100 F.

. (5) It should appear tacky and adhesive at normal temperature, and retain this which ordinarily would not adhere method should property as long as possible on exposure to air.

This formula is merely a standard. and other formulas more or less fluid may be used with or without a suitable filler as a flow retarder, or the flow tendency may be stopped by using a non-flowing gummy substance in combination.

This adhesive material can be applied hot or cold, and if the surfaces with this adhesive were brought in contact and placed in commercial packages, the surfaces would be very difiicult to separate at some .temperatures. w

In order to facilitate such separation I coat-over these surfaces with an adhesive of oily content of the nature above described,

such case abrasion of the surface naturally takes place, which it does not do in the process first described.

4. By using a bituminous or vegetable having a melting point over1259, and heat: mg such bitum nous or vegetable matter so as to produce it in a melted state, allowing it to partially cool and then incorporating, in such substance this adhesive insulator or gummy substance, so. thatmore or less of this substance Works to the surface, and acts in the same manner when separating: the sheets as in. No. 1 hereof.

It can readily be understood that this coatincan be applied on one or both sides ofthe saturated sheets, and rolled without the addition of an extra coating, by reason of the substance'being incorporated in the bituminous or vegetable coating in acooling state and applied to the surface under pressure of rolls used for that purpose.

The saturated vehicle may be coated witha compound formed by a mixture of a bituminous substance, and vegetable combinations, such as, heavy road oil, meeting the specifications before given and a mixture 10 parts resin, 8' parts blown castor.-

oil, 2 parts Venice turpentine, gum 1 parts. Two surfaces having this coating can be pulled apart after being placed in v juxtaposition. Many other combinations are possible with the groups. shown in my co-pending application. b

It will be understood thatthe' invention contemplates roofing material, the adhesiveness of which servesto hold said materialin place in distinction to other materials which substance, or combination of both, preferably 9 involve the use of pitch, or other material, mopped on at the time of assembling the roof, for the purpose of holding the sheets of roofing material in place. It will be understood that after two sheets of building material according to the present invention have been separated, the adhesive surface of one sheet will be placed in contact with the non-adhesive surface of another sheet. The adhesive or mastic will cause a union with the non-adhesive surface to which it is applied, which union may be made very oil, may be used to bring the sheet back into adhesive state.

What I wish to claim is:

1. A vehicle saturated with slow drying adhesive, said adhesive being presented at a surface of said vehicle.

2. Building material comprising juxtaposed sheets saturated with a slow drying adhesive, said sheets being separated by a tacky, film of said adhesive.

3. Building material comprising juxtaposed sheets saturated with a slow drying F adhesive, said sheets being separated by a tacky film of adhesive.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification on this twelfth day of January A. D. 1921.

ALBERT C. FISCHER.

Images