US1550263A - And of one-fourth to francois sam - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 18, 1925.

S. KHALIL DIOPTRAGRAPH Filed Nov. 18

1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATI'ORNEY INVENTOR Aug. 18, 1925. 1,550,263

S. KHALIL DIOPTRAGRAPH Filed Nov. 18, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 079 6 as Z INVENTOR ,52-750 Away/4'. Y

ATTORNEY Aug. 18, 1 925.

S. KHALIL DIOPTRAGRAPH Filed Nov. 18 1924 5 Sheets-{Sheet 3 .BY fomsvf Aug. 18, 1925. 1,550,263

S. KHALIL DIOPTRAGRAPH Filed Nov. 18, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 \HIIIIIIIH INVENTOR 1 ,52750 flaw/4 ATtRNEY,

Aug. 18, 1925. 1,550,263

S. KHALIL DIOPTRAGRAPH Filed Nov. 18 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR: ,5'5 50 //4wz/4.

A'ITORNEY Patented Aug. 18, 1925.

UNITED" STATES I 1,550,263 PATENT OFFICE.

SEYED KHALiL, or NEwaRK, JERSEY,ASSIGNOR or ONE-FOURTH 'ro JULES E.

TEPPER, or NE AR unyvgrsnsnr, AND or 0NEFOURTH TO FRANCOIS SAM- MARCELLI, or YOR N, Y.-

Application filed November 18, 1924. Serial No. 750,538.

T 0 all whom i! may concern v Be it known that I, SEYED KHALIL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have'invented certainrnew and useful Improvements in Dioptragraphs, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in dioptra'graphs: lhe term' dioptragraphci is taken from two Greek w ords dioptra and -gr'aph'.=- 1 1 =3- V The object 'of: this machine'is for'the'pur pose of ascertainin'g-- thedioptra'gra-phic angle or angles of any natural' or artificial T1 structure or design or iinpressiom' so-that j with the" -use of a similar instrumentl the lines of such structure; obj ect or impression may -"be reproduced on a iscreembyi setting angles ascertained thef'priinary" machine: The machine willbe usedaforreproducirig finger: prints, cipher *writiiig,"sblvingfalgebraic problems,i:solving geometrical prob? lems, drawing charts and-regular or i rregular outlines generally: For illustration, a finger print is taken-:oma piece of paper and reflected on" a screen by the reflecting {a mechanism of the' dio tra graphz the -refractory' mechanisms of -t h'e dioptragraphmaybe manipulated to register the dimensions i of the lines of the fin ger printhowever ir'- regular suchlines-may be. The-registration of the lines of the finger print;is secured by the proper -manipulation "of "the refractor mechanisms of" the machine, with' the" use of certain standard slides employed therein, v

same correspondents of the samecryptography shouldbe built exactly alike.

the manipulation of the refractory mecha-'- nisms andslides being indexed on the in,- strument so that anyone, even'at a great distance, having a duplicate di'optragraphmay reproduce an e'ziact facsimile of the finger print by a corresponding" manipulation of} his refractorymechariismsand slides, the index registrationsor' angles of-the primaryinstrument having been communicated to him by cable or-otherwise. I empl oy the expression dioptragraphic angle as indig eating the angles at which the refractory mechanisms maybe set, in connection with the adjustment of the standard slides, and it isthis dioptragraphic angle 'which the holder of the primary machine will communicate to the holder of a similar machine for the reproduction on screen of the image -ter impression may be reproduced. i

first reflected'on the screen of the primary machine by the reflector mechanism thereof.

The dioptragraph comprises in its pre- 'fer-red construction a reflector mechanism for impressing on a screen the outlines of the naturalor' artificial object to be reproduced and a refractory mechanism or refractory mechanisms, plus certain standard slides to be used therewith, for ascertaining the dioptragraphic angle of said object as reflected'onto the screen. The machine will be accompanied by a number of different types of interchangeable slides for use'in the refractory mechanisms, these slides having certain-1 lines thereon which in the refractory mechanisms will, by a proper manipulation, be caused to coincide exactly with the outlines of the object subject-matter, so that Witl-i'the use of-similar slides and similar refractory mechanisms set to the'indexadjustiiients of the primary refractory mechanisms, the. exact outline 0. the subject-mat- JTh'e machines will be of two classes, one comprising general machines, all 'of the same detailed construction and accompanied" by the same types of slides having outlines thereon to be arbitrarily adopted as a standard" Generalnmachines may be used for all purposes, but preferably not for cryptography, The machines for cryptography.w I regardas' special machine'sto be built of different designs from the general machines and also of different designs for different correspondents, it being desirable that only' the machines used between the The type of slides for the general machines will be'limited to a certain'number of standard design, while the type of slides for special machines for cryptography, will be adopted secretly between the operators of the same duplicated special machines.

The="reflector mechanism may vary in type, the object of the reflector mechanism beiri to accurately transmitto a screen the particular design in hand, whether it be thatof a finger print, a drawing or other subject-matter. The refractory mechanisms will each be alike and each comprise a barrel' portion having at its front end a suitablelens capable of being tilted or adjusted .On its own axis, means for tilting said bar ..a-mechanisnr;.

rel portion on its horizontal axis, means for adjusting said barrel portion carrying the lens laterally on a vertical axis, and slides to be mounted in said barrel portion and adjusted toward and from the lens, plus means for accurately indexing the angle of the lens, the angle of the vertical ad ustment of said barrel portion, the angle of the lateral adjustment of said barrel por .-from the detailed description hereinafter presented, reference being had to the ac-' companying drawin s, in which: a

Flg. 1 isa top p' an, View, partly broken away, of a-dioptragraph constructed in accordance with and embodying my inven tion- Fig. 2 is a. centralilongitudinal transverse section through one of the're'fractor mechanisms forming a portion of the dioptragraph, the section being on the dotted line 22 ofFig, 3; 1

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the same;

Fig, 4: is a vertical transverse section through the same taken on the dotted lineof. Fig. 2;

Fig.'8 "is a central Vertical longitudinal section through a reflector mechanism and screen which constitute portions of the dioptragraph, the section being on the dotted line 88 of Fig. 1;

-Fig. 9 is a vertical transverse section through the reflector mechanism taken on the dotted line 9- 9 of Fig. 8'; Fig. 10- isa front view of the screen shown in Fig. 8, said screen bearing an image reflected thereon by the reflector Fig- 11 is a -deail-.;section-taken on the reflector mechanism in closed osit'ion Figs. 12to 19--inclusive,-illustrate various slides which may be considered standard,

tov be employed in the primary refractor mechanism or re-tractor mechanisms for de- Fig. 5 is a frear .or baclrend viw of the terminin the dioptragraphic angle or angles 0 the image reflected on the screen by the reflector mechanism and which image when said angle is or angles are ascertained may be reproduced on' a screen by a similar slide and refractor mechanism or"re'fr'a'ctor mechanisms at a great distance away, by setting the same at said angle or angles;

' Fig. 20 is a face view of the object or subject-matter. having or bearing the design or outline shown, to be reflected upon the screen by the reflector mechanism and which is to be then subjected to admeasurement by the refractor mechanisms With't-he use of two of the slides of the type shown in Fig. 12, one of said slides being placed in each re-fractor mechanism; Figs. 21 to 24 inclusive represent the different stages of. =outlines progressively obtained with the use of the two refractor mechanisms and two of the slides shown in Fig. 12 in the process of transforming the images refracted from the said slides .and focused onto the aforesaid screen toan exact coincidence with: the object subj ectmatter already reflected onto the screen, Fig. 21 showing the first oran; earlystage of the reproduction and obtainable by tilting the lenses of the refractor' mechanisms,

'Fig. 22 illustrating-a furtlie'r. stage-thereof obtained by adjusting: the slides neareri'to the lenses, for enlarging the refracted 'image or outlines, Fig. 23"showing"a 'further stagef thereof'obtained by turriingvthe': refractor mechanisms horizontally to further-separates their forward ends from each other, thus displacing the elements of thereflected image laterally, and Fig. 24 representingz'th'e final stage in the reproductionobtained 'by vertical adjustment of the refractor mechanisms to cause the refracted imageto exactly coincide-with and be impressed-upon the reflected image on the screeni Fig. 25 shows an image.'- for instance a conventional finger print,- to reflected onto [the screen by the reflector mechanism and admeasured by the refractor mechanisms, and

Figs.'26 and 27 represent different stages of outlines obtained with the userof'four refractor mechanisms each" containing a slide of the type shown in Figs 12, 14,17 and 19.- respectively,' in the process of re producing the'ima'ge shown in Fig; 25, the

admeasure-ments or'angles ofthe'reproduction of the image being readable oii'the in'- dexes with which the refractor mechanismsare equippedi dotted line-'11 =11' of Fig. 8' and illustrates a latch for securing the back-door of the" which the iinages are to'be reflected'while r32 and'33 'respec tively indicate the reiractor In the drawings 3() denotesthe reflector mechanism as a whole and '31 the screen on mechanisms, it being understood that-oneor more 'refractor mechanisms will be made use of, as occasion may require At present I have shown the reflector, screen and refractors as mounted on a single base 34, with the reflector in direct line with the face of the screen and the refractors set at opposite sides of the reflector and on lines converging toward said screen.

The reflector 30 comprises a main hollow metallic casing whose back or rear portion 35 is of rectangular outline and whose front portion 36 is tubular and has at its outer end a glass disk 37 held in place by a bezel 38. The back portion 35 of the reflector casing contains a reflector 39 which is stationary and set at an angle of forty-five degrees from the vertical, being arranged to reflect images through the disk 37 and upon the ground glass disk 40 of the screen 31, one reflected image 41 being thus shown in Fig. 10.

In an upper extension 42 of the portion 35 of the reflector casing, is mounted a prism 43 whose-lower flat horizontal face is directly over the reflector 39 and whose back inclined face is exposed tohave placed thereon an article 44, as aplate film, \card or piece of wood -or other substance, bearing or carryingthe objector design or outlin or f grain, itis desired shall be reflected upon the reflectolg39 and be thereby impressed on or transmitted to the screen, 31L Within said portion 35 of the" reflector casing is positionedan electricJamp 44, said portion 35 hasat' its back'enda door 45 hinged at its lowerhedgeand adapted'to be held in closed position by any suitable latches 46 (Figs, land 11) .....\'I he upperredge of the door 4:5 is flared outwardly, t ,form a ledge or shelfto, support the article 14 when placed on ,thegprisrn shown; in Fig, 8.

The reflector-3O issecured upon a pedestal 48' and the screen 31-v upon a corresponding pedestal, 49'.

The refractor mechanisms 32,.33are in all theirvdet'ails, andin Figs; 2 to 7 1n- :zclusive I have shownin detail the refractor mechanism32, While, inc-Fig. 1 '1 illustrate? in plan both of saidrefractor mechanisms. VVhile describing the refractor mechanism 32 the reference numerals used will be applied .to the illustration of, the refractor mechanism 33, since the parts are the same in both mechanisms. p V

The refractor mechanism 32 compr1ses a maintubular. or barrel portion 50 having at its back end a reflector 51 and at its front end a removable tubular section 52 containing a double convex or other suitable lens 53 held in a band or ring frame 54, which by means ofcentral transverse trunnions 55 is' of a set screw 56 or in any suitable or convenient manner. The main section {.0 contains in its rear portion an electric lamp 57, and said portion is pivotally mounted in the upper portion'of a transverse yoke 58 (Fig. 6). being held therein on transversetrunnions 59 and being tiltable to various angles, as may be required, the degrees of which angles are indexed on the refractor mechanism, .as hereinafter explained. The yoke 58 has a downwardly extending supporting post 60 whose lower end is reduced to form a pivot 61, which is secured in a-vertical hole 62 in the base 34 by means of a washer 63 and nut 64, said washer and nut being within a socket 65 formed in said base 34 at the lower end of said hole 62. The yoke 58 is thus secured-on a vertical pivot and may be swiveled laterally'for the purposeof adjusting the main section 50 and its parts laterallyon a vertical axis .to any desired or 7 required angle, the degree of which angle is,

indexed on the refractor mechanism, as here inafter explained. =The main section 50 is which carry a band frame-69 withinv said main section 50/(Fig. 2).". gThe frame.69 is adapted totightly receive'and carry a band 71 may be removably secured any one of the inclusiveffThe framefldpreferably has a ,frame 70, .within which bymeans ofabezel refractorslides 72(shown in ,Figs.' 12 to '19 rearinwardly extending annular shoulder form, a seat for the slide 72 andafront out-- wardly xtending Iannular shoulder to abut againstfthe front edge of thelband frame. 69, as shown in Fig. 2. The screws-68 extend through an exterior band or ring 73.

andthis part 73, is fastened by horizontal I screws 74 to a sectional ring 75 freely seated in an annular groove in an internally threaded band 7 6, which engages the thread 66 on the aforesaid main tubular'section 50. When the band 76 is adjusted along the forward end of the main, section50 it carries with it, withoutrotating the same,.the sectional rin 75, band 73, screws 68, band 69 and slide 72, this adjustment being fort-he purpose of positioning the slide 72 in .cor-

rect relation to the lens 53 as maybe required in carrying-out my invention, and such adjustment being indexed on the instrument in degrees and minutesb'y means of a scale 77 on the forward tubular lens carryingsection 52 (Fig. 1),an index finger 78 carried bytheband 73 to cooperate with whose shaft 84 is a portion of the adjacent trunnion 55 of the lens carrying frame 54 (Fig. 2), and the means for indexing the angle of adjustment, in degrees and minutes of the lens 53 comprise a disk 85 hearing on its periphery a scale 86, an index finger 8T v secured to the casing section 52 in position to cooperate with said scale 86, said disk 85 being secured on the aforesaid shaft 84, a scale 109 on the face of the wheel 81 and an index finger 110 for said scale. The shaft 82 is mounted in bearings 88 secured to the casing section 52,

The means for tilting the refractor mechanism on a horizontal axis in the yoke 58 comprise a' -manually operative wheel 89 (Figs. 1 and 6), a vertical worm shaft 90 on whose upper end said wheel is secured, and a worm wheel 91 (Figs. 2 and 3) secured on the adjacent trunnion 59 for easing section 50 and meshing with the worm'shaft 90. The rotation of the wheel"89 will obviously result in such tilting adjustmentof the refractor mechanism as may be desired, and the angle of this adjustment is indexed in degrees and minutes by means of a disk 92 connected to rotate with the worm Wheel 91, an index: finger 93 (Fig. 6) -positioned to cooperate 'with a scale 94 on the disk 92, a

scale 95 on the face of the wheel. 89 (Fig. 1)

and an index finger 96 secured on the frame of the yoke '58 and cooperating with said scale9.

The means for adjusting ,the refractor mechanism on a vertical axis through the. 'post 60 and pivot 61, comprise a manually operative wheel 97 (Figs.' 1 and 3), a verti-.

cal shaft 98 on whose upperend said wheel is secured, a worm 99 on the lower portion of said shaft, a worm wheel 100 (Fig. 2) in mesh with said worm, a shaft 101 on which said worm wheel ,is secured, ,a beveled pinion 102 on said'shaft 101 and a beveled pinion 103 on the post 60 and in mesh with the .pinion 102. When the wheel 9715 turned the motion thereof will, through the gearing described, be transmitted to the yoke 58 and the refractor carried thereby, whereby the forward end of the 'refractormay be adjusted toward the right or left with relation to the screen 31, as may be required, and the angle of such adjustment is indexed in degrees and minutes by a disk 104 on the shaft lOlbearing on its periphery a scale 105,21 stationary index finger 106 (F g. 3) Cooperating with said scale, a scale 107 on the face of said wheel 97 and a stationary index finger 108 cooperating with said scale 10?.

T he method of employing the mechanism hereinbefore described may he understood if it. he considered that the ob ect plate 44 of Fig. 8 is the plate shown in Fig. 20, that the object delineated on that plate has been re- .flcctcd onto the screen 31, as shown in Fig.

10. and that the refraet-ors 3.2, 33 are to be adjusted to such angles as that the refractory lines impressed by the proper slides 72 and lenses 53 onto the screen 31 shall exactly coincide with said outline 41 reflected onto the screen from the objectplate 1'4, to the end that said angles and the adjustment of the slide or slides made use of when ascertained by the indexes hereinbefore identified. may he transmitted to another having a similar dioptragraph, so that such person may by following the data lransn'iitted adjust his instrument to reproduce through the lenses thereon and his standard slides, the aforesaid outline 41 on his screen. from which the same may be photographed or otherwise copied. Info]- lowing out this illustration, the objects 1 regular outline 41 having beenreliected onto the screen .31, I insert in each refractor a 1 standard transparent slide 72' of the t shown in '12 hearing an upwardly'extending arc hemispherical line109; I then adjust the slides 72 longitudinally in the refractors and adjustthe refractors andtheinparts manually by the means hereinbefore. described, until therefracted outlines-'pro.-

due-ed on thesereen 31 from the slidesj72 and lenses 53 exactly coincide with the said outline 41, the transformation stages" of the ,outlines 109 on the slides-72 to 'that'shown in Fig, 10 being represented in'Figs. 22, 23 and 24, Fig. 21 showing primary fracted images of the two slides 72, Fig.22

disclosing the enlargement of said images. n

by the adjustment of the slides nearerto the lenses 53, Fig. 23 illustratingthe lateral dis- I placement of said refracted images by' the lateral adjustment of the forward ends of I the refractors 32, 33, in a direction from each other, Fig. 24 showing the vertical dis placement of the image from one slide :72 by a vertical tilting or adjustment of ts refractor on the horizontal axis of thes'ame and Fig. 24 illustrating the final refracted.

image coinciding with the reflected object image found on the plate 443 The next step isto make a note of the indexed adjustments of the parts of the=instrninen't, or thefdio tragraphic angle of the irregular line 41. I reflector 30 entirely and restore all the adf now we cut out the justments ofthe refractors 32, 33 to zero, I

the outline 41 may be reproduced on the screen 31 by simply resetting the refractors and their parts in accordance with the foregoing noted index adjustments.- Obviously anyone having a similar dioptragraph'and slides may reproduce'on his lnstrument the aforesaid irregular outline 41, uponrece ving the slide number and data as to said 1n-. dex adjustments from theholder of the pn- ,mary instrument. If the irregular outline produced there with the use of a correspond.

iug instrument. If the conyentional finger print indicated in Fig. -25 .i's to be reproduced on the screen 31', I will use. fouro'f the refractor mechanisms-and arr'aiig the fourslides of thei typcs 'sho r n'-,- Fi'g's 12, '14,. 17' and 19 and then [makei'the' "'n'eces saryadjustments to ie'fracfithe image, shown in Figl'25k.-

In many inst'an ce'si only one refractory v mechanism is necessary gofernployment, de pending on the outlinetoibe'refracted cn'thef screen 31. In other instances two. efrac; tory mechanismgas forthe but-1P" required, and" in other instances Etlireel or more of said mechanisms are (required The inventionis not limited' to" -t chanical detail herei nbefore describe to the special'outlinsfjshouin pnpt illustrated in F igs; .12 to .19 "inclu'si these details and said-i outlines ried or modified'without departuie f1 spirit of my"invention*and'fiithin the of the' appended cla iIIis What I claim "as my'inyentio'n and desire? to secure by Letters Patent, is: j 1. Mechanismof the charac er. 'es crib'ed for ascertaining-data'with respect to an ob; ject outline for the'reproduction (if that but;

line from such-data bytheflsameor similarf mechanism in th absenoe of said object biifi line, comprising'aiscreen on whichgtheiobjecb outline is delineated, 1a refractor.inechanism arranged in operative-relation to said 's'creei :v and a transparent slidemounted re; fractor mechanism-and bearing an out ne to be t'ransforrnd, 'on" the screm to with said object outlinejlsai'd refractor mechti anism comprising a barrel portion ih'ayi ng ai tiltable lens in its fron t end,- reflectingimeansj at its opposite end,alongitudinally;adjustable framegiarrying said slide imermediaw said ends, meansefor indexing the til table adjustment ofsaid'lens and means tor ii -ii. dexing' the adjustment and from said lens.

I mechanism for reflecting'f he bearing an-outline'to screenv to coinc de twlt said refractor mechanism c'o end, reflecting at v longitudinally ifS z defwmi li 1 ableadjustmentiof said lens, means for in' 2. Mechanism' of the character described for ascertaining data with respect to an obj ect outline for the reproduction of that outline from such data by the same or"similar mechanism in the absence of'said. objectoutline, comprising a screen on which the Ohject outline is delineated,a refractor mocha ni'smarranged inoperative relation'to said screenand a transparent slide mounted' in said refractor mechanism and' beari'ng an outline to be transformed' on the screen'to coincidewith said object outline, said refrac tor mechanism comprising a'barrel' portion having a tiltable lens in its front end, 'refleeting means at'itsopposite iidfalongi'tudinally adjustable frame carrying'said slide intermediate said ends, means for tilting saidbarrel portion-Ton a horizontjabaxi's, means for indexing the tiltableiad'justment of said-lens, means for ,indeiting the adjustment of said, slidetowa'r'd andf fronrsa'i-d lens and means for indexingf'th'e'adjustment .ofsaid barrel portion "on "itshorizontal axis;

. '.3."Mecha nis m-offthe'ch racten'desc r lbed for ascertaining data with pect Y jec'toutl'ne fortlie'" product on linefi'oin'such. da" theisame' r similar mechanism 111- the jsnee of samiabject outlineg comprising a. screen rifraetor "mechanis'ni tab and." means fqr'i ndeizingi'the'fadjnstnient fof' 1' saidj'slide towardiandjfro idile' f 4. 'Mechanism of the charac er" described 1 for ascertaining "data with" respect as fan 'obf .ject outline for thereproduction'of that outline hem such data by the same for similar mechanism in h e lef fiaidbbieqt oue eg pris scre n, ali ecer: men-i 116 tin ei-i ibi evne refractor ,mecha'nisin arrai'ig ed"i operative relation to said screenjjandla transparent! I slide mounted in saidi-refractor mechanism 120 b er end gs-be ten b' m i -fi the screento coincide p l line, sa d refractor mech'an 'smfcomp barrel' poition fh avingf agtilt'able lens n it-s V front end, reflecting means .at its opposite end, a "longitudinally adjustable; fraineoar} ,ryng saasl da ne medi e:sei' ed means "for t lting jsald; barrel, ,porti on a" horizontal" axis, means a indexing the-tilt;

de ing the adjustment of said slide toward from said lens andmeans for indexing adjustment of said barrel portion on its r ii el is 5. Mechanism of the character described for data with respect to an object outlineior the reoroduction of that outliiiefrorii s' ich',data y the same or similar in the absence of said object outliiie con i pi'ising a screen on which the oboutlme is delineated, a plurality of corresponding -reirac tor mechanisms arranged at aii. angle to and pointed at said screen, and transparent-slides mounted in said refractbr mechanisms and bearingfoutli'nes to be c'giiiiliiiie d and transformed on said sereen coincide ivith said lobject outline, each refiaziwinieclmigism comprising a barrel p'ortiiin having a tiltable lens in its front end, I I I,

' 'forward end, reflecting means backof therefleetin' .1 nan's at its oppositee'r id, a longitiidiiia y adjustable lraine carrying said sliiie intermediate said ends, neans fonina xia'g the tiltabl'e adjustment of said lens aii'd m eails for iiideiringfthe adjustment of 'ls d l tewi d ree! S i l shamsni of the chara c terv described fbr'l tai ls Wk xese an object outline for. the reprodnction of that di' tliife fi'iom su c data by' thesarne or S il r 5 i l a e, f, i Q ll P l m isi 32- q j. on amen; the obj'ct 'butline 'is delineated,

ii l i i' oi tl iw i ra moun at said "screen and transparent slides d in refract or mechanisms and outlines to be combined and transjl lstmeilt of said barrel portion onits horiia'nisni of the character 'described fOrjzi'scErt'adnihg (lat a \.-ith i;espect to' an obje'ct outline for the i-eprodactioh of that outli'nef dutline, comprising a screen, .a reflector (Hictl theobject 'onto said screen', a

' pli'j'i'ality 'of correspondingiefractor. mechaana e d a a e nd a me a said screen and transparent slides mounted in said ifefr'actor mechanisms and bearing o'ultli'n'es to be combined, and transformed onto's'aid screen to 'coincide 'ivith said object outline, each frefrac'tdr mechanism comprisin}; a barrelp'ortion having a tiltable lens in its forx'r'ardend reflecting means back o'f,

th'e'slide,means for tilting said barrel porrefraetor .nl H an1sm s arranged at ang es to and onto said screen to coincide .with

ue l e s xj h g sin i'+i* lar mechan sm in the absence of said ob ect" tionon 'ahorizontal axis, means for indexing the tiltable adjustment of said lens and I means for indexingthe adjustment of said barrel portion on its,horizontal axis.

8. Mechanism ofthe character described for ascertaining data with respect to an obio Y 'ject outline for the reproduction of that outlines to be combined and transformed onto, said screen to coincide vith said object outline, each refraetor mechanism comprising a barrel portion having a tiltable lens ingits.

slide,n|ean's for tilting said barrel portion the foru'ard end of the barrel portion late r i ally on a vertical axis means foriildex-ing the tiltable adjustment of said. lens,- means for indexing the adjustment of said barrel portion on its horizontal axis and ineans for indexing the lateral adjustment of said barrel portion on its vertical axis; I 9. Mechanisinjasclaimed in elaim 8, comprising a reflectormechanisin by which the r object outline is reflected onto said screen di- .rectly .froiii the object,

.10, hanism 'as claimed in claim 6, in which each refractor mechanism comprises, a frame carrying the slide, man s for ad-j j i's'ting said frame to positionjthe slide ivi'th] rel'at ing the adjustment of said Mechanism as claimed i i-claim :I

ion to the screen and .rneaiis for which each refractor mech anism,,:comprises.

a frame carrying 1 the slide, means for a djusting said frame to position theslide with relation to, the screen and means for in exing the adjustment of, frame 12. Mechanism as claimed in claim 8, in

which each refractor, mechanisin com rises; a frame carrying the slide, 1 cans fora usting said frame to position eslide vith re-i lation to thescreenandmeans for indexing theadj'n'stment of said frame;

* l i hie" h'imis m a claimed inelaim l3, com- "prising a reflector mechanism by which the object ontline is reflected onto. said screen directly from the object. I l4. lllecha'nis'in as claimed in claim ,7,1 ;Om-

prising reflector mechanism lib object outline is reflected 0am said screen directly frointhe object.

15. Mechanism-as claimed in claim. 3, .in

\vhiclr th e i fiectonmec'hanism comprises a forward barrel portion, a rear chambered portion contaiinngan inclined reliectorand back ,the'r'e'of an electric lamp and 'ap'rism.

seated ov'er said rear portion sameness-1 flector and having an exposed rear inclined face on which the object is placed.

16. Mechanism as claimed in claim 7,.in which the reflector mechanism comprisesa forward barrel portion,--a rear chambered portion containing an inclined reflector and back thereof, an electric lamp and a prism seated over said rear'portion above said reflector'and having an exposed rear inclined face on which the object is placed.

17. l Mechanism as claimed in claim 8 comprising a reflector mechanism by which the objectoutline is reflected .onto said screen directly from the object, and in which the reflector mechanism comprises a forward barrel portion, va rear chambered portion containing an inclined reflector and back thereof, an electric lamp and a prism seated over said rear portion above said reflector and having an exposed rear inclined face on which. the object is placed. 1;

l8. -Mechanism:=as claimed in claim 1, in whichthelens isamounted in azring frame having. horizontal trunnions journaled in said refractor .rxiechanisnr-and on one of which is apinion 'wheel and in {which a manually operative wormv shaft is engaged with-said pinion for tilting. said lens, said shaft having a hand wheel onone end, and in whichthe means for indexing the angular adjustment of the :lens comprises :a I graduatedwheel rotatable-with saidpinion wheel, a scale' on said hand wheel, and index fingers for cooperation .with the .scalesonnsaid graduated .iwheel z and-. said hand wheel.

19. Mechanism as claimed in claim 3, in which thelens is mounted in a ring frame having horizontal trunnions journaled in said refractor mechanism and on one of which is a pinion wheel, and in which a manually operative worm shaft is engaged with said pinion for tilting said lens, said shaft having a hand wheel on one end, and in which the means for indexing the angular adjustment of the lens comprises a graduated wheel rotatable with said pinion wheel, a scale on said hand wheel, and index fingers for cooperation with the scales on said graduated Wheel and said hand wheel.

20. Mechanism as claimed in claim 6, in which the lens is mounted in a ring frame having horizontal trunnions journaled in said refractor mechanism and on one of which is a pinion wheel, and in which a manually operative worm shaft is engaged with said pinion for tilting said lens, said shaft having a hand wheel on one end, and in which the means for indexing the angular adjustment of the lens comprises a graduated wheel rotatable with said pinion wheel, a scale on said hand wheel, and index fingers for cooperation with the scales on said graduated wheel and said hand wheel.

21. Mechanism as claimed in claim 8, in

which the lens is mounted in a ring frame having horizontal trunnions journaled in said refractor mechanism and on one of which is a pinion wheel, and in which a manually operative worm shaft is engaged with said pinion for tilting said lens said shaft having a hand wheel on one end, and in which the means for indexing the angular adjustment of the lens comprises a graduated wheel rotatable with said pinion wheel, a scale on-said hand wheel, and index fingers for cooperation with the scales on said graduated wheel and said hand wheel.

22. Mechanism as claimed in claim 6. in which each refractor mechanism comprises a frame carrying the slide, means for adjusting said frameto position the slidewith relation to the .screenand means for index ing the adjustment of said frame, andin which the frame carryingthe slide is nonrotary and is coupled to a-,-rotary frame having threaded engagement with the barrel portion of therefractor mechanism, and in which the means for indexing the adjustment of' said slide comprises a scale on. said rotary frame,a stationary finger cooperating'with' said scale, a scale on said barrel portionand a finger carried by said nonrotary frame cooperating with said scale on said barrel portion.

'23. Mechanism of the character described for ascertaining; data with respect to an ob ject outline for the; reproduction of that outline from such data by the same or similarrmechanismjn the absence of said object outline, comprising a screen on which the object outline is delineated, a refractor mechanism arranged in operative relation to said screen, and a transparent slide mounted in said refractor mechanism and bearing an outline to be transformed onto the screen to coincide with said object outline, said refractor mechanism comprising a barrel portion having a tiltable lens in its front end, means for indexing the tiltable adjustment of said lens, means for tilting said barrel portion on a horizontal axis,

-means for adjusting said barrel portion laterally on a vertical axis, means for indexing the adjustment of said barrel portion on its horizontal axis, and means for indexing the adjustment of said barrel portion on its vertical axis, said barrel portion being mounted on trunnions in the sides of a yoke whose lower portion constitutes a pivot, the means for tilting and indexing the tiltable adjustment of said barrel portion on its horizon tal axis, comprising a gear wheel on one of said trunnions, a manually operative worm shaft engaged with said gear wheel and having on one end a hand wheel bearing graduated scale, a stationary finger for cooperation with said scale, an index wheel rotatable with said gear wheel and having on its periphery a graduated scale and a stationary finger cooper'ating with said last mentioned scale.

24; Mechanism of the character described for ascertaining data with respect to an object outline for the reproductionof that f? outline from such data by the same or similar mechanism in the absence of said object outline, comprising a screen on which the object outline :is delineated, a refractormechanism arranged in operative relation to said screen, and a transparent slide mounted in said refractormeohainisln and bearing an outline to be transformed onto the screen to coincide with said object out line, said refracto'r mechanism'womprising a barrel portion having a tiltable lens in its front end, means for indexing the tiltable adjustment-of said lens, means for tilting said barrel portion on a horizontal axis, means for adjusting said barrel portion laterally on a vertical axis, means for indexing the adjustment of said barrel portion on its horizontal axis, and inea'ns for indexing the adjustment of said barrel portion on its vertical axis, said barrel portion .-being mounted on trunnions in the sides off a yoke whose lower' portion constitutesfa pivot, the means for adjusting said barrel portion laterally on its vertical axis and indexing said adjustment, comprising a worm-shaft having on its upper end a hand whee-l 'bearin agraduated scale, a shaftsgeared to 52,1 pivot and having on one end'aworm wheel in mesh with the worm of said worm shaft,

a disk bearing on its periphery a scale and rotatable with said worm wheel, a stationary linger forcooperation with thescale on said hand wheel, and a stationary finger :for

cooperation with the scale on said disk:v

25. The method of reproducing an orig1- nal outline impressed-on a screen which -consists in selecting an outline differing from said original outline and transformi and impressing the same onto said origina ontline to coincide therewith by reflection and refraction and angular adjustments ,oflsaid selected outline, indexing said adjustments, and reproducing-a copy of said original-cub line on a screen with the use-02f said seledted outline set with relation to a screen in accordance with said ascertained angular adjustments, i 26. The method of reproducing an-origb nal outline impressedon a screecrwhieh con sists in selecting a plurality'of outlines -difztering from said original. outline and transforming and impressing the same-onto said original outline to coincide therewith-slay re-,

flection and refraction and ang11laa :a;d 'nst ments of said selected butl ines indexing said adjustments, and reproducing' aco y of said original out-line on a sot een wi-th t ie use of said selected outlines 'set with relation to a screen in a( cordance with'said ascertained angularadjustments. I

Signed at New Y city, in *the county of :New York and State p'f New York,'this13th day of November, A. 13.1924. SEYED

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