US1545977A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

July 14, 1925. 1,545,977

A. H. RICHARDSON FURNACE Filed Deo. l5. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet l juy ML, E925.

4A. H. RICHARDSON FURNACE Filed Deo. l5. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet Ill/1111111111 Patented July 14, 1925.

I UNITED-STATES PATENT ori-ica A AUGUSTUS HOWARD RICHARDSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLDOIS.

. Fumucn Application; mea December 15,1922. semi No. 607,041.

' To all whom t may concern: v

Be it known that I, AUGUSTUS HOWARD RICHARDSON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago,in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inv bustion for the purpose of bringing about complete oxidation it is necessary that the supplemental air be heated to a temperature as high, as, or very little below, the temperature of the partially oxidized gaseous and solid products formed above the re bed. Otherwise the low temperature of the supplemental air will cool the partially oxidized gases and solids in suspension therein, thereby diminishing the combustion that would take place without the supplemental air supply.,

Various means have heretofore been resorted to for preheating thesupplementalair supply, such means generally including the use of pipes or ducts within the fire box through which pipes or ducts the incoming supplemental air, or mixture of air and steam is conducted before being delivered into the body of partially oxidized gases and Suspended carbon. While pipes and conduits, if properly arranged within the fire box, are subjected to a high temperature and are therefore eii'ective to impart a high degree of temperature to air passing through them, they present considerable resistance to the passage of an air current and are notl conducive to the eifective distribution of the incoming Supplemental air throughout and in thorough admixture with the products of partial combustion within the iire box or combustion chamber. Furthermore, such pipes and conduits within the re box involve considerable complication of structure which is subject to deteriorai tion and derangement by. reason of the high temperature. f

It is one of the principal pu oses, of my heated supplemental air throughout the par; tial'ly oxidized products ofI combustion with` invention to thoroughly distri ute highly` out the employment 'of any air pipes or conduits within the fire box. Broadly stated. I effect this purpose by admitting the supplemental air directly to the fire box through openings in the sidewalls thereof immediately in front of a depending curtain at the back of the fire box, and providemeans forl spreading the incoming A.supplemental air over the highly heated fire brick front face of the curtain immediately upon the en- 'trance of the` supplemental air, and before its admixture with the partially oxidized gases and suspended solids within the tire box. The gases then pass beneath the lower edge of the curtain to the combustion cham-- ber behind the curtain and thence to the iiues. Preferably I also provide means-for l partiallypreheating the supplemental air by conducting it throughv conduits outside of lthe fire box but in proximity to heated parts of the furnace, such as the walls of the ash pit and of one or more of the water sections, before delivering the same to the interior of the fire box as above described.

In the drawings Fig. is aperspective view of a. furnace embodying my invent-ion, some of the structure being broken away to better exhibit the remainder Fig. 2Yis an elevation view ofthe bridge.

or curtain section;

Fig. 3 is an elevation view of .the section which is provided with admission ports for thesupplemental air, and in this view there also appear parts of the external air conduits; 4

Fig. 4 is a view, partly in section, on the plane indicated by linee, 4 of Fig. 6, show-- ing part of the Water section illustrated in Fig. 3;

gig. 5 is a section on line 5, 5 of Fig. 2. an 1 Fig. 6 is a section on line 6, 6 of Fig. il

The hot water heating furnace in which l have illustrated my invention comprises a plurality of water sections designated 1 to 12, inclusive, the number' of sections varying according to the size of the furnace. The

general outline ofy the water sections is;`

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` shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Figs. 2 and 3 show features `peculiar to my invention but do not depart otherwise from the forni of the other water sections.. The top and sides of the fire box and combustion chamber are enclosed by the arched tops and depending legs of the Water sections, the water spaces within the several water sections being connected as usual by connnunicating openings. As usual, also, the gases passing to 'the rear of the furnace rise through suitable ducts and pass forward to the front of the furnace through the fines formed by the openings 13 in the water sections, and thence back to the smoke box at the rear through the filles formed by thc openings 14. 15 in the water sections. These features of construction and operation are old and widely used. In applying my invention all of the water sections may be of forms heretofore used with the exception of those designated bv the numerals 9 and 10.

The curtain or bridge section. designated b v the numeral 10. is separatehv shown in Figs. 2 and 5. The curtain or bridge 24 in the furnace illustrated is shown as extending 'downward from the roof arch of the fire box about half-way to the gratefthe lower edge of the curtain being at a. height sufficient to permit passage of thc products of combustion through the space between the lower edge of the curtain and the fire bed, as indicated in Fig. 1. The curtain forms the rear wall of the lire box and restricts communication between the fire box and combustion chamber'to the relativelynarrow space between the fire bed and lower edge of the curtain. The part of the curtain section extending below the line 25, which defines the roof arch of the fire box. is recessed in its forward surface at 26, as

' shown'most clearly in' section in Fig. 5, the

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outline of the recessed panel being also designated by the numeral 26 in Fig. 2. The recessed panel 26 is filled with refractory material. In the present instance I have shown four fire bricks 27. leaving a marv ginal space 40 which may be filled with fire clay. The water space 28 extends to the lower edge of the curtain, being thinner opposite the recessed panel owing to the space occupied by the latter.

The water section designated b v the nllmeral 9 isl immediately in front of the bridge or curtain section 10 and is provided with air admission ports 18, 18, preferably located at the upper ends of the depending water legs liust beneath the roof formed by the arched centers of the water sections, and air deflectors 22 are also formed integrally with water section`9 and project inwardly and rearwardly from the forward sides ofthe air ports 18.' These defiectors preferably extend across the angles between thev central areh and depending water legs,

as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. As shown in Fig. 6, the water spaces l2() extend through the water legs 19 at each side of the air ports 18 and also extend throughout the interior of the deflectors 22. The inner part of each of the dcflectors 22 is formed with a rearward curvature, as indicated at 23, which curvature or any equivalent rearward inclination of' the defiectors, serves to give a rearward direction to the air currents entering through the admission ports 18, thereby deflecting the supplemental air supply against. the face of the curtain or brid e 24 -above described. Extending upward y along the outer sides of the legs 19 of the air port section 9 from the lower ends thereof to the air ports 18 are air ducts 21. shown in the structure illustrated as an integral part ofthe air port. section. Extending along the sides of the ash pit from the front of the furnace to the lower ends of the ducts 21 are ducts 29, through openings in the forward ends of which air is drawn in by the furnace draft, and passing through ducts 29 and 21, enters the fire box through ports 18 and is then directed against and across the heated face of the forward side of curtain 24. Dampers 30 may be provided to regulate the volume of supplemental air.

Several of the water sections immediately forward of the air port section 9, and the section at the extreme front of the furnace, are similar in external outline to the air port section with the exception, ofcourse, of the omission of the deiectors and air inlet ducts. In the furnace illustrated the sections'similar in external contour to the air port section are those designated by the numerals 1. 6, 7 and 8. The water sections designated by the numerals 2. 3, 4 and 5 are provided with narrowed depending` parts a e 4 and 5', respectively, which reduce the effective height of the fore part of the fire box. while the higher arch formed by sect-ions 6, 7 and 8 affords the necessary space for the volume of gases at the rear of the fire box. The water section designated 11, immediately behind the water curtain, of which there may be one or more according to the size of the furnace, may be of the same form as sections 1 and 6 to 8, and the section designated 12 is formed with a continuous web which closes, and forms the back wall of, the furnace.

As stated in the introductory part of this specification, it is necessary that the supplev provide the refractory facing of brick vor other material upon the forward side of the depending curtain, as above described. This refractory material, being a poor conductor of heat, acquires a very high temperature from the products of combustion which sweep against it and pass along its face tov the space beneath the lower edge of the curtain. The deflectors 22 direct the supplemental air entering through ports 18 agamst and spread it in ai sheet over the refractory material which forms the face of the curtain. The incoming supplemental air, therefore, contacts with the highly heated curtain before, or simultaneously with its first contact with the partially oxidized products inthe fire box, and the preheating of the `supp-lemental air so effected before its' admixture with the partially' oxidized products results in producing complete combustion and the elimination of smoke.

It is obvious that my invention is not confined to the particular type of furnace here-V in described,

I claim as my lnvention: 1. In a fireox, a curtaln forming the .rear wall thereof and extending downward from the top thereof to direct the flow of the products of combustion beneath the lower edge of said curtain, and means for admitting air into said fire-box and causing said air to impinge against the forward side of said curtain before admixture thereof with the productsy of combustion in said fire-box.

2. In a fire-box, a curtain forming the rear wall thereof and extending downward from the top thereof to direct the How of the products of combustion beneath the,

lower edge of said curtain. and means for admitting air into said fire-bornand causing said air to impinge against the upper part of the forward side of said curtain before admixture thereof with the products of combustion in said fire-box.

P). In a lire-box, a curtain forming the rear wall thereof and extending downward from the top thereof to direct the fiow of the .products of combustion beneath the lower edge o f said curtain, the side walls of said fire-boxbeing provided with air inlet openings forward of and adjacent t0 said curtain, and deflectors extending inwardly and rearwardly from the forward sides ofsaid inlet openings to direct the How of air against the forward side of said ,l curtain.

. 4. In a furnace, a fire-box, a curtain forming the rear wall of said fre-box-and extending downward from the top thereof .to

tion beneath the lower edge of said curtain,

air inlet conduits extending along the sides of said furnace and communicating with said fire-box adjacent to and forward of the forward -side of said curtain, and means within said fire-box for directing the flow of air from said conduits against the forward side of said curtain...

5. In a hot water heating furnace, a firebox, a plurality of water sections inclosing the sides and top of said fire-box, the rear wall of said fire-box consisting of a depending curtain forming ya part of one of said water sections and having a water space therein, one of the water sections forward of said curtain having air inlet openings therethrough, a facing of refractory material on the forward side of said curtain, and deiecting means to 4direct the air from said inlet openings against said facing of refractory material.

box, a plurality of water sections inclosing the sides and to of said fire-box, the rear wall of said fireox consisting of a depending curtain forming a part of' one of said water section s and having a Vwater space therein, one of the water sections forward of said curtain having air inlet openings therethrough, defiectors projecting inwardly from the forward sides of said air inlet openings, said deflectors forming art of said last named, section and containing a water space continuous with the water space thereof.

7. In a fire-box, a curtain forming the rear wall thereof and. extendingxdownward from the top thereof to direct the flow of the products of combustion beneath the lower edge of said curtain, the side walls of said tire-box being provided with air inlet openings forward of and adjacent to said curtain, and deflectors extending inwardly from the forward sides lof said inlet openings to direct the flow of air against the forward side of said curtain.

8. In a 'fire-box, a curtain forming the rear wall thereof and extending downward from the top thereof to direct the flow of the products of combustion beneath the lower edge of said curtain, the side walls of said fire-box being provided with air inlet openings forward of and adjacent to said curtain, and deflectors to direct the .flow of air against the forward side of said curtain.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribev my name this 13th day` of December, A. D.,

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