US1428056A - Transparent insulation - Google Patents

Description

E. J. PEGLEH.v TRANSPARENT'INSULATION. APPLICATION FILEDFEB.4.192|.

1,428,056, Patenasept. 5,1922.

Patented Sept. 5, 1922.

EMILE JOSEPH PEGLER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

1,423,056 PATENT OFFICE..

TRANSPARENT INSULATION.

Application filed February 4, 1921. Serial No. 442,476.

To all wlwm it may cof/wem:

Be it known that I, EMILE JOSEPH PEGLER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, haveA 1nvented certain new and useful Improvements in Transparent Insulations, of .which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements 1n transparent insulations for windows, artiicially cooled show cases and counters display wall openings of cool rooms, and for transparent parts of refrigerators.

The present invention is an improvement of my patent for transparent refrigerators,

No. 1,219,764., March 2o, 1917.

The object of this invention is to increase the heat transfer resisting property of transparent liquid insulations and to provide alrtight glass containers whlch preserve permanently the colorless clear appearance of these liquids.

I employ oils of mineral or vegetable orlgin as petroleumbleached olive oil, etc., alone, or a suitable compound of such oils. Or,'I use, instead of oils, concentrated solutions of double or single salts as magnesium sulphate, zinc sulphate, or alums, as hereafter described, and sulphuric acid to increase the stability of aqueous solutions.

In preparing the liquid part of this transparent insulation I prefer to use the mgredients in about the following manner and proportions without confining myself strictly to these hereafter specified proportions.

If I take kerosene, the derivative of petroleum refined, decolorized and deodorized,

' cie gravity'obta-ining then about 60% preferably the best grades known as water- White, I deodorize it still more than 1t has been deodorized in the refinery, by one of the well known processes such as filtering it through bone charcoal. At a specific gravity of about 0.7.8 it gives the best results. Or, I use glycerin, double distilled, chemically pure, usually of the specific gravlty of about 1.20, containing 20% water. I dilute same with boilediwater to about 1.159 spepure glycerin, land use this diluted glycerin as a solvent of alum, taking two pounds of powdered alum pergallon of diluted-glycerin, which I heat for an hour at a temperaturevof not over 100 F. in order to avoid Q'giving a yellowish tint to the water-like i5 colorless solvent, and agita-te thoroughly by means of any of the known mechanical mix- Aare mixed, forming a double salt.

ers for av longer period of time than is necessary for the visible particles' of alum to be dissolved. I obtain in about a day a perfectly clear colorless solution.

The water I employ is well boiled and warmed again before being used as a solvent, in order to prevent the appearance of air bubbles on the wall of the glass containers later due to temperature changes. I dissolve therein magnesium sulphate talqing preferably two to three pounds of it per gallon of'said solvent, warmed to any suitable' temperature below 150, in order to avoid driving off the water of'hydration (frequently called water of crystallization) of said salt; in order not to diminish, even destroy, the great heat transfer-resisting characteristics of metallic salt solutions. After the solution is left undisturbed for a few days, a slight quantity of impurities will settle at the bottom of the dissolving tank, remaining there while the perfectly clear solution is drained off.

Of zinc sulphate lI prepare an aqueous solution in the same manner and proportions ashereinbefore described with magnesium sulphate. Both being miscible with each other as Well as uble, the process remains the sameif they These salts can be used in combination with each other, or each separately.

Glycerin I prefer to use where its low freezing point renders it necessary as a solvlnt for alum and also for magnesium sulp ate.

As to aqueous alum solutions it vis long well known that' a saturated solution of alum has the peculiar property of absorbing the 'long etherlwaves of heat rays, but

this heat transfer-resisting power could not be exploited because of the fatal Vreappearance and spontaneous growth of alum crystals, which wea-ken the original strength of the solution to uselessuess. vTo avoid this condition I use the following treatment:

I dissolve alum in warm water taking one pound of alum per allon of water,` and let the alum recrystalhze by cooling and not disturbing it for a day, in an open vessel protected from dust and made of a material which does not colorv the solution; the new crop of crystals-I dissolve in the mother-liquor heated to 210 F. (but not over)` during agitation, which lshould last longer than the visible particles of alum,

with alum and easily sol- Supply dotted lines) holding are seemingly dissolved, in order to dissolve thoroughly even the 'invisible particles; after that I keep this second solution in a closed dissolvin tank to be transferred therefrom into puri 'ed glass containers in the absence of atmospheric air.

As known, the presence of atmospheric air is harmful to any alum solution in which reaction must be prevented, for ,even the invisible small particles of alum, which are present in the air everywhere, form readily a nucleus to recrystallization. Therefore, the recrystallization itself or the keeping in tight containers is all worthless if' the container has not been purified, or if the solution has been in contact with air during its transfer from the dissolving tank to the glass container. The indispensable preven tive measure to be strictly observed is to inject hot steam of 212 into the empty glass containers before filling, and to conneet the dissolving tank, or the tank in which the readyA liquid is stored, with a well steamed hose or tube to the said steamed glass container in order to transfer the liquid'by gravity or pressure, and have the air (which is necessar to commence and maintain the iow of a liquid) supplied from an air supply tank connected to the upper part of the liquid holding tank; the air contents of this air-supply tank having been also steamed to dissolve any invisible alum particles present in the air within the l air tank. lIt is obvious that the above named liquid dissolving or holding tank and air tank can be of any required shape or size and of a suitable approved material.

The stability of a salt solution will be increased by an addition of sulphuric acid composing one half of one per cent of the whole solution.'

In the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specication,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional plan taken at a corner of a display counter;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary section of an insulated hinged glass door of an ice-box;

Fig. illustrates a fragmentary section of an insulated glass panel;

Fig. 4 shows a fragmentary plan taken at a corner of an insulated show case;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary (vertical) section of a glass container; an

Fig. 6 represents a fragmentary plan of the front of a display wall casing and its slidin door.

Re erring now particularly to Fig. 1, I have illustrated a fragmentary plan of a ramin l (taken at a corner of a display countercomprising an inner two piece wooden member 1, and fastened thereon are outer wooden members 2 and 21 with counter-sunk screws as 20 and 21 (shown in glass panes 3 and 4,

separated by member 5 which isa rectangular bar made of any suitable plasti( composition, preferably one which is adhesive to glass, to form watertight joints therewith, as lead-glyceride, or numerous others. Rubber strips G and 7 line the edges of glass panes 3 and 4 where'they are in contact with wooden members 1 and 2. Numeral 8 designates a part of thc water tight space, which .I call a container for a liquid. The hereinbefore described framing shown in Fig. 1 can be assembled without difficulties, by placing in its two piece inner member 1 the rubber strip 7, then, glass pane 4, separator member 5, upon that glass pane 3 and rubber strip 6, finally, to be covered with outer member 2 or 21; then all these assembled parts are temporarily pressed together with cabinetmaker tools called wood-jaws, and at the outer face of outer members 2 and 21 thin holes -are drilled, whence the drill goes through into member 1 extending thereby the hole to receive screws as 20 and 21 which are to be somewhat thicker than the holes drilled for them, in order to hold better after they had been driven in. VV-hen the framing is thus completed the temporary wood-jaws will be removed, and so evidently there is a permanent pressure maintained between two members as 1 and 2 fastened together securely by screws 20 and 21. Glue and dowels, or nails could be used instead of said screws, although nails are less practical than screws.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary section of a framing at a hinged door of an icebox. Of this framing galvanized iron Z-bar 12 1s a one piece inner member, and fastened thereon, by countersunk screw 22, is the galvanized flatiron 22 as an outer member to hold in place glass panes 32 and 42 which are separated by member 52 which is a rectangular bar made of solid cork boiled in a preserving and waterproofing compound as paraffin, or the like, in order to become more elastic when it is pressed in place while warm, which pressure is exerted automatically through assembling and screwing together inner and outer members 12 and 22, said member 52 being a separator between them.

Thus is formed a watertight filling space 82 for liquid contents as 11. The edges of said glass plates 32 and 42 are protected by rubber cloth packing 62 and 72 where they are in contact with inner members 12 and 22.

Fig. 3 is another fragmentary section of an insulating means consisting of a glass panel frame of which 13 is a wooden inner two piece member thereof, and fastened thereon is the wooden outer member 23 by round-head screw 23, to hold in place glass plates 33 and 43 which are separated by member 53 to form space 82 which contains a liquid 11?.- At joints 9s and 103 the memand, outer frame- I ber 53, which is a glass bar, and the slightly bevelled glass plates 35 and 45 are frosted with hydrofluoric white acid to a dull smooth finish, to render these joints 95 and 103 watertight by the pressure exerted through the forceful connection and customary fastening together of lframe-member 15 and 23. An approved glass cement is applied to tighten said joints 93 and 105 if glass bar separator member 53 is not perfectly straight.

Fig. 4 represents a fragmentary plan at a corner of a show case showin a framing of which one piece inner mem er 1* is a drawn metal Z-bar, and fastened thereto by round head screw 24 is the nickel-plated outer member 2* (which is a common glass stop) holding in place glass panes 3* and 4* which are separated by rectangular glass bar' frame-member 5* which has along its both sides asbestos ribbons 9* and 10* as` elastic water-proofing between glass bar member 5* and the edges of glass panes 3l and 4* Vsaid panes being protected on the outside by rubber strips 6* and* against pressure exerted by screwing together tightly inner and outer members 1* and 2* thereby forming watertight space which call a container 8*. Container 81 is surrounded by metal channel member712 with a at metal glass stop as inner member 12l fastened thereon, and a nickelplated flat metal glass stop as outer member 21 screwed on said channel membei 12 in which cork filler 13 serves as an insulation. Outer frame members 2* and 21,o of containers 81 and 8* are connected by angle 14.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary vertical section of a transparent insulation showing the upper part of a glass container in which nickel-plated bolt 26 goes through and holds together glass plates 35 and 45 and also goes through glass bar separator 55 which serves A also as 'an internal frame member for the thus formed container 85.- '.Joints 65- and 7 5 between the inner parts of bar 55 and glass plates 35 and 45 are tight, even if not treated withan .approved adhesive before assemu serted as a panel in any suitable wall or frame, but if desired the all lass casings made of such units, can be uilt without 'r `framing in the same manner as they have beenl built hitherto of single uninsulated vhalf of that scale in whic the same coelicient of expansion as glassV plates 35 and 45 their connecting parts can be fused instead of being cemented as hereinbefore described; and in this case, the fastening bolts as 26 eliminated altogether.

On the other hand, said bolt 26 vcan be usedalso when glass bar 55 is replaced by a bar as 5, described and shown in connection with Fig. 1; or, replaced by a bar as 56 with rubber strips 66 and 76 thereon, as in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary lan reduced to all the other figures are drawn, showing the framing at the front part of a lorists wall casin A having a projecting sliding door B of w ich the middle part isbroken away. On this sliding door B said framing consists of a wooden one piece inner member 15, and fastened thereto, by screws as 27, is outer member 25 to hold in place glass plates 35 and 45 which are separated bymetal coveredwooden separator member 55, waterproofed by elastic rubber ribbons 66 and 7 5, thus forming container 8f. Said metal covr of woodenvsepa rator 56 must be not only of a non-corrosive thin foil but must. suit also'the particular property of different liquid contents for wh1ch .purpose lead, zinc vor aluminum may be employed.

The frame of wall casing front A in Fig.

6 has an inner one piece member 17 and fastened thereto, with screws as 28, is outer `member 27.to hold glass plates 37 and 47.

The joints are waterproofed by glycerinl putty fillers 67 and 77 (or, fillers of anotherl liquid without having the liquid contents in contact with any ofthe said wooden frame members. This construction is simple and economicaltoJ manufacture.

The connections between frame members of all the here-inbefore described forms of containers belong to the well known art,

to fasten together assembled parts of a framing with screws; in this art it is known that conical shaped so called wood screws (of metal are used in wooden 'fframes, 'and straig t screws in metal frames, and that bolts are practical for all glass connections. The said screws might be countersunk or round head screws, preferably of la non-corrodable material.

Means for a transparent insulation comprising a liquidfrequires glass containers, which must beeither blown or cast of o-ne piece, or else built up of members fastened tightly togetherby the vsimplest approved means which involves that g ass panes held f in a'ra-me and jointed water tightly are indispensable parts of this invention; however, I do not claim a specific form, as equivalent but not identical forms serve the same purpose. Y

Having described my invention, I claim 1. Heat insulating means comprising a transparent glass container and a permanently transparent liquid therein having greater heat-transfer-resisting properties than water.

2. Heat insulating means comprising a transparent glass container and a permanently transparent liquid therein containing a suitable salt and a solvent therefor.

`3. Heat insulating me-ans comprising a transparent glass container and a pe-rmanently transparent liquid therein comprising a salt dissolved in glycerin.

4. Heat insulating means comprising an air-tight container for liquids composed of transparent glass plates separated in par\ allel relation by an internal frame separator, said plates and separator being cemented, pressed and fastened together to form watertight joints and a permanently transparentl liquid in said container having greater heattransfer-resisting properties than water.

5. Heat insulating means comprising a container for liquids, comprising plates of pressure between such mem permanently transparent colorless liquid in said container composed of a clear stable solution of a suitable salt in a solvent.

7 Heat insulating means comprising a transparent glass container and a permanently transparent alum solution therein.

In Witness whereof, I have signed my name, to the fore oing specification in the presence of two su scribing witnesses.

EIWILE JOSEPH PEGLER.

' Witnesses:

HELEN V. WHIDDEN, FREDERICK P.RAND0LPH.

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