US1418681A - Combination lock - Google Patents

Description

'1. SLEI'VIS.

COMBINATION LOCK.v

APPLICATluM mio 1uLY6. 19`2l.

Patented June 6, 1922. Y l 2 SHEETS-SHEET ly aai l 'f I. SLIIVIS.v COMBINATION LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED JULYG. 192|.

Patetd June 6, 1922,

l 1 by QM, @www1 am'iqg JOSEPH SLEJVIS, 0F CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

COMBINATION LOCK.

Laisser.

Application filed July 6, 1921.

Locks most commonly employed` on the doors oit dwelling` honses, stores, iictories.r etc., are ot that type necessitating the use ot a key for retrarting the locking bolt. The many advantages incident to the use of oombination locks7 that is to say, locks of that type in which the retraction ot the bolt is controlled. by the manipulation of knobs or dials :forming a permanent part ot the lock mechanism, are obvious. but to he acceptable ttor use on an ordinary door,r such for eX- ample as the street door oit a house. such a combination lock must necessarily be ot compact Yform and preferably of such dimenn sions from iront to rear as to permit ot the concealing oi a substantial portion ot the mechanism within the thickness ot the door. lt should also beso constructed as to prevent its bodily removal or the dismantlinnn oit the same from a point outside the door. while at the same time it should be so dcsigned as not appreciahly to detract trom the appearance oil the door. f

A combination lock intended for use upon an ori'linary door should also be so constructed as to permit oit the ready opening ot the door 'from the inside ot the same without reterencc to the position ot the locking bolt or the setting` ot the combination and should also preferably comprise a spring` latch ot the usual type retractable by means ot a knob at either side oi" the door.

For ease and rapidity ot operation the locking bolt should be ot the spring actuated type and should be turnishcd; with a manually releasable catch tor retaining it in retracted position. As attempts are sometimes inade to force locks by the application of a wrench or other tool to the knob whereby the bolt is retracted` it is desirable to so arrange the parts as to prevent any possible damage thereto by the application Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 6,1922..

Serial No. 482,673.

of undue force to the actuating knob when the mechanism is in locking position. Furt-hermore,l a combination llock intended 'for ordinary use should be ot simple constructionwhile at the same time affording the desired protection against surreptitious opening of the door secured thereby and in some cases it may be desirable, in addition to the ordinary tumblers. to provide a separately actuable latch or latches which must lirst be manipulated to permit vopening of the door, even though the combination be properly set therefor.

In most locks of the class to which this invention relates.r the resetting of the combination requires a considerable degreeo'f skill as well as loss oi time. Occasions arise. however, 'for resetting the combination quickly and without resorting to the help of a skilled locksmitli for such purpose, and it thus becomes desirable to so design a combination locky as to permit it quickly to be reset by thc user and that such resetting may be accomplished merely by turning the dials or indexed knobs to the desired com bination at any time when the door is unlocked.

The object ot the present invention is to provide a lock mechanism having the various desirable characteristics above enumer ated. As exemplify/ing the several ways in which such object may be accomplished, one embodiment ot means well adapted therefor7 is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which 4 Fig. 'l is an elevation of the lock mechanism as applied to a door and showing the outer side ot the same;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical cross section through the lock mechanism as viewed trom the inner side of the door;

Fig. 3 is vertical transverse cross section through the lock mechanism on a line such as o o oit Fig. 2;

Fig. 1i is a transverse vertical cross section on the line c-(Z of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical cross section Y on the line e-f of Fig. 2;

Fig. G is atragmentary longitudinal cross section on the line g-z, oi Fig. 2;

Fig. -7 is a transverse cross section of one of thc/tumbler devices employed 0n a line such as m-n of Fig. 9;

' Fig. S is an elevation of the inner end of the actuating knob for one of the tumblers;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the knob of fig. 8; and

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary elevation of the rightshand end of the bolt actuating member.

y Referring to the drawings the numeral 1 indicates a door which may be of wood or other suitable material and of a thickness such as is commonly employed for street doors of houses, factories and the like. This door may be Vprovided with a recess in its outside surface for the reception of the lock mechanism. This mechanism is enclosed in a casing comprising a plate 2, having the outstanding flange 3 which overlaps the edge of the door. This member 3 may be provided with openings if desired through which may pass wood screws for attaching the same to the door. ,The plate 2, upon its inner surface, is provided with a plurality of outstanding bosses a, 5, which are inter nally screw threaded for the reception of the ends of attachingbolts or screws et, 5a.

The operative mechanism of the lock is mounted upon the plate 2, and for enclosing such mechanism, a cover plate G is provided, such plate having a rim 7, the edge of which rests against the inner surface of the plate This cover member 6 is furnished with openings for the passage of attaching bolts or screws as 6 which engage threaded openings in the plate 2 or in parts fixed thereto. The inner surface of the door may be provided with suitable re-enforcing plates for engagement; with the heads of the attaching bolts 'll. 5, such bolts passing through the thickness of the door and into the aforesaid bosses l. 5. As thus secnredin position, it is evident that the locking mechanism cannot be removed A.from the outside of the door without substantially destroying the door itself.

The flange 3 is provided with openings for the passage of the locking bolt 8 and the latch 9, such bolt and latch being guided for reciprocation upon the inner surface of the plate 2. The latch 9 is provided with a beveled face in the usual manner and comprises a tail portion 10 slidable within an opening 11 in a block 12 upstanding from the inner surface of the plate 2. Such block 12 may be integral with the plate if desired and may be continuous throughout a considerable portion of the marginal surface of said plate.` lVithin the bore 11 is seated a coil spring 12'l which bears against the rear end of the tail 10 and thus normally tends to project the latch 9. For limiting such movement a transverse pin 13 is secured in the latch, such pin engaging the inner face of the member 3 and thus determining the extent of outward projection of the latch. The latch member is provided with a series of rack teeth 1a along one edge and with such teeth engages a pinion 15. The pinion 15 is secured to a shaft 1G which extends through the plates 2 and 6 and is provided upon its outer or front end with a knob 17. rl`he shaft 16 also extends through the` thickness of the door and through a suitable cutcheon plate 18 secured to the inner surface of the door. This plate may also, if desired, have openings for the passage of two or more of the bolts l1-, A knob 19 may be secured to said shaft upon the interior of the door. By turning of either of the knobs 17 or 19, it is evident that the latch 9 may be retracted in opposition to the spring 12. An additional guiding block 2O may also be provided if desired.

The bolt 8 is, in general, of the same con* struction as the latch 9, such bolt compris ing a tail 21 guided within the bore 22 in the block 12 and bearing against a spring 23 seated within said bore, such spring tending normally to project the locking bolt 8. The bolt S may, if desired, also be guided by engagement with the block 3() projecting outwardly from the `plate 2. The bolt is provided with rack teeth at which engage a lpinion 25, carried upon a shaft 2G. The shaft 2G has bearings at 27, 2S. in the cover member 6 and the plate 2 respectively, and upon the inner end of said shaft is mounted a knob 29. By means of the knob 29 the bolt 8 may be retracted against action of the spring 23 from the Vinside of the door, thus permitting the opening of the door from the inside.

Extending outwardly from the bolt 8 is a pin 31, such pin lying to the rear of an arm 32 which projects laterally from the actuator member or bar This actuator member rests against the. inner surface of' the plate 2 and is guided at its outer end by engagement with a block 34.. .At its opposite end the actuator bar provided with a. transversely extending enlargement or head 35, from which extend three parallel rods 36, 37, 38. These rods pass through guide openings in a suitable block 39 which is secured to the inner surface of the plate 2, the actuator bar thus being` guided for recipio cation in a path parallel to that of the bolt 8. The member 33 is furnished with rack teeth t() on one edge which engages a pinion 41 carried by a shaft 12. The shaft 412 has bearings at a3, 44 respectively` in the plate 2 and in the cover member (3 and extends forwardly beyond the plate 2. lipon the forward end of this shaft is secured an actuating knob By manipulation of the knob 45 the pinion 41 may be rotated and thus reciprocating .motion may be imparted to the actuator bar 32 As this bar is moved to the left as viewed in Fig. 2, the element 32 thereof contacts with the pin 31 of the bolt 8 and thus serves to retract the latter, it being evident however, that such bolt. is free to be retracted by manipulation of the ltlti llt) CIK

All.

be applied to the knobs when the looking` mechanism is in this position, they niay be turned relatively to the tumblers, the triction eluteh device comprising the pin 66 permitting such turning7 and the pins 66 slipping trom one sorket (52- to another. Upon proj eotion ot the boltj the pins 36, ete., are removed 'from the recesses 5l. in the tui'nblers and there-alter any turningl ot the knobs results in a corresponding movement ot the tumblers, by reason oit the engagen Ament ot the pins (3G with the openings 62. lt thus impossible to change the combination 'while the lock bolt is projeeted and the tumblers may be turned to proper position. 'tor oi'ening the look by setting the several knobs to `form the selected combination. Aily this arrangement it is evident that rese vting` ot the ronibinaton may be aeeonr plished at any time when the look bolt is retrartod merely by turning the indexed knobs and observing the new combination thus Yharmed.

For retaining the spring aotuated look bolt in retracted position.` the actuator is provided with a iiilurality of openings suoli as (it). T0. G) and the plate 2 has seA Cured upon its loiavard tace an outstanding block or boss Tl. This boss is provided with a sho'ubflered bore which is continued through the plate 2 and in such bore is seated a eoil spring T2. The inner end of such springl rests agaii'ist the head ot a plungerl 73 whieh is engageable with either ot the openings 69 or T0. suoli plunger having a stem T5 passingy outwardly through the bore 7l and having a. knurled head rlseeured upon its Forward extremity. ln retraeting the lock bolt alter settingl the proper'Combination the operator pulls torvvard on the head 74 thus removing the plunger 73 Vlrom the opening G9 and as the bolt is retracted such pin snaps into the opening TO and retains the aetiiator 32:3 against 'forward projection through the aetion of the bolt operating spring Q3. The bolt may thus be secured in its retracted position and cannot be projected until the plunger 73 has been Withdrawn from the opening 70. As additional means for preventing the projection of the bolt, the righthand end oi the actuator as viewed in, Fig. 2 and as indieated in detail in Fig'. l() ma),v be bilureated to 'iorm spaced arms `T6, 777 respectively, forming a substantially reetangular spar-e therebetween 'for the reception ot a block 78 (Figs. 2 and 5), This block is provided with openings through Whieh pass a pair of guide pins T9, S0. secured in a plate Sl covering an aperture in the member 6. he block 78 is slidable npon the pins 79. 8O and has socket openings in its rear side with which engage coil springs 82, 83, which normally tend to project said block toward the plate 2 and into the space between the arms it, i( ot the aetuator. rthe bioek 7S is l'novided lwith a rod trilt Twhich passes out through an opening in the plato 2 and which may be surrounded iiE desired, by aboss 85 outstamling Vtrom the 'Forward suriliar'fe o l" Said plate. The end ot rod till serves as a button Ytor the manual nuinipulation of the bloik 'To whereby to re- ,move it 'from between the arms To, 7T against the action ol.r the springs 82, 5523. Thus when it is desired to project the locking bolt it is necessary 'tor the operator to pull outwai-diy on the member 'To and also to press .inwardly on the end ot tlierod F5-fl; which projects througl'i the 'iront surlaee or" the plate 2.

ln orderto prevent l'aealing ol the loek parts by theJ applieation o'lI a wrench or other tool to the handle Ll5 or tlielnindle l?, sueh handles are secured to their sha'lts in the 'loll \ving nnmner. ilf'ljaeent the end of eaeh shaftg as tor example. the shaft ft2, thereis provided a cirouinterential alot 35 with which engages the end ot a pin SG retained within a radial opening within the knob by means oll a setsereiv 8T. Adjacent the slot S5 the shalt is provided with one or more radial soelets or depressions in its i.)el'ipheral surl'aee with which may engage a ball 548 seated within a radial opening in the knob and resiliently be forced toward such depretsion by means oli a spring S9; For holding the siiiring in place a set srrevv 90 may beeirualoyeifl. Vliith this arrai'igement, l'novided there is no substantial opposition to the artuation ol the look mechanism, the ball S8 engaging one ol" the depressions or sockets in the shatt serves to hold the actuating knob and elia/Ft together to a sul'lieient extent to permit o'l the'turning ot the shait and the movenlent ol'v the lock parts. ll lu'nvever. the looking met-,hanism not adjusted l'or movement, loree, applied to the actuating knob when in sutilrient amount. serves merely to turn the knob relatively7 to the shalt. the ball 88 springing inwardly out ot the flepression in the shalt and permitting the knob to rotate thereon. The pin 86. however. serves to prevent relative axial movement ot the knob and shaft.

lt 'tor any reason the setting olj the oombination in the manner above indicated found undesirable. the syn-ing pressed pin 66 may be replataal by a pin olt a length just suiiicient to lill the opening (lo and to engage the socket G2 in the knob. W'ith sueh an arrangement7V upon seeuring of the knob in position by means ot the pin (lll and set screw till, the knob and tumbler are looked together so that no change oit combination is possible, but by removing the knob it may readily be turned to another position causing the pin 66 to engage another of the openings 62 whereupon a new combination will be formed. It is contemplated that this mode ot setting the combination may be found advantageous under certain circumstances.

Having thus described the invention in a preferred embodiment or' the same, together with the mode ot use thereof, what l claim and vdesire to secure by Letters PatYH ent oli the United States is:

l. A combination lock comprising'a slidable bolt provided with integral rack teeth, a pinion engaging said rack teeth, a knob for rotating said pinion, a pin projecting from said bolt, a reciprocable actuating bar engageable with said pin, a `rod tixedly secured to said bar, a tumbler for engaging said rod whereby to control the movement of said bar, rack teeth carried by said bar, a pinion engaging said rack teeth, and a knob for rotating said pinion.

2. A combination lock comprising a bolt, and an actuator therefor, a plurality ot rotatable tumblers for determining movement of said actuator in a direction to retract said bolt, said actuator having a plurality of openings therein, and a manually retractable` spring pressed pin engageable with a selected one of said openings.

3. A lock of the class described comprising a locking bolt, spring means normally tending to project the same, tumbler-controlled means for determining retraction of the bolt, a resiliently actuated part normally tending to prevent projection or said bolt when the latter is retracted and a manually movable member connected to said part whereby to permit of the movement of the latter to release the bolt.

4. A lock mechanism comprising a reciprocable bolt, spring means normally tending to project the saine, anactuator 'for said bolt comprising a slidable part having a portion engageable with an element olf said bolt, a block movable in the path of said actuator, spring means tending so to movesaid block,

and a finger actuable button having connee tions with said block whereby to move the same out of the path of said actuator.

5. A lock mechanism comprising a lock ing bolt, a rotatable knob itor retracting said bolt, and connections between said knob and bolt permitting` relative movement ol said knob and bolt upon the application of sufiicient force to said knob.

6. A locking mechanism comprising a reciprocable bolt, means tor moving said bolt comprising a rack and pinion, a rotatable shaft upon which said pinion is mounted, a manually operable knob upon said shaft, and friction clutch means interposed between said knob and shaft serving normally to connect the same, but permitting relative movement thereof upon the application of suliicient force to the knob.

71' lock mechanism comprising recipe simul l tably actuating the same, said shaft yhaving l a peripheral groove adjacent one extremity, and a plurality of circumferentially disposed depressions adjacent said groove, a knob member mounted upon said shaft and having a pin projecting into said groove whereby to prevent relative axial movement ot the knob and shaft, a ball seated in a radial bore of said knob, a spring seated in said bore and normally pressing said ball inwardly, and an abutment member for retaining said spring within the bore, said ball by engagement with one of said depressions serving normally to secure saidknob and shaft together for simultaneous rotation.

9. A lock mechanism comprising a casing constructed and arranged to be seated within the thickness of an ordinary door, a retract able locking bolt within said casing, a slidable actuator for said locking bolt, said actuator being independent of the bolt and having a plurality ont rack teeth thereon, a pinion engaging said rack teeth, a knob for turning said pinion, a plurality of substan tially parallel rods extending from one end of said actuator, and a plurality of rotatable tumblers engageable with the respective rods and serving to determine the retraction of said actuator.

l0. A lock comprising a bolt, a tumbler, means controlled thereby for determining retraction of the bolt, a knob for actuating said tumbler, means preventing relatively axial movement of the tumbler and knob, and meanspermitting the movement ot said knob independently of the tumbler.

l1. A lock mechanism comprising a bolt, a tumbler', means controlled thereby for determining retraction of the bolt, a manually operablev knob for actuating said tumbler, means preventing relative axial movement of the tumbler and knob, and slip connections between said tumbler yand its actuating means permitting relative movement of said parts when the bolt is in retractedposition.

l2. A lock mechanism comprising a reciprocable bolt, a rotary tumbler for determin ing retraction oit the bolt, said tumbler being provided with a circumferential groove, a knob for rotating said tumbler, a pin carried by the knob and projecting into said groove, and clutch means interposed between said knob and tumbler. i

13. A' leek :mechanism comprising a bolt,

a rotary tumbler for determiningretraction of the bolt, a knob for turning said tumbler, means securing said tumbler and knob against relative axial movement, and a spring pressed pin normally operative to Connect said knob and tumbler for simultaneous operation.

14. A lock comprising a rotatable tumbler of cylindrical form, a cylindrical knob arranged coaXially Wit-h said tumbler and rotatable independently of the same, said knob having a hardened Wear plate secured to that end thereof adjacent the tumbler, said plate having a plurality of spaced depressions therein, and a spring projected pin seated in a bore in the tumbler and having a rounded extremity engageable With either of said depressions.

l5. A lock mechanism Comprising a bolt, tuinblers for controlling the retraction there of, knobs for actuating` the respective tum.-

blers, said bolt having a transverse opening therein, and a spring pressed pin normally engaging said opening' whereby to prevent retraction of the bolt regardless of the position of the tnmblers, and means arranged adjacent to said tumblers whereby manually to retract said pin lor releasing the bolt.

16. A lock haring a tumbler comprisinga cylindrical body portion having a radial opening therein, a stem member extending axially from one end of said body portion and having a circumferential groove adjacent its extremity, a knob having an axial bore for the reception of said. stem, and a pin mounted in said knob and projecting' into said ,groove whereby to prevent axial separation of the knob and tumbler While permitting relative rotation thereof.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts, this 14th day oit June, 1921.

JOSEPH SLEIVIS.

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