US1410784A - van ackeren - Google Patents

Description

J. VAN ACKEREN.

some mom OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27,1920.

1,410,784. A Patented Mar.28,1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

A W I I J. VAN ACKEREN.

COKING RETORT' OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 21. 1920.

Patented Mar 28, 1922 3 HEETSSHEET 2 J. VAN ACKEREN.

COKING RETORT OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27, 1920.

1,410,784. I Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

3 $HEETSSHEET 3.

UNITED, srrss PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE KOPIPERS COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION 033 PENNSYLVANIA.

COKING RE'IORT OVEN.

and useful Improvement in Coking Retort Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to by-product coke ovens, more especially to coking retort ovens of the well known Koppers crossregenerative type exemplified in the patent to H. Koppers No. 818,033, dated April 17, 1906.

One of the principal objects of the invention is the provision of a combination coking retort oven of the cross-regenerative type that may be rapidly converted for use alternatively as a gas oven and as a coke oven. That is to say the oven may be used as a coke oven wherein the heat for coking the charges of coal is derived from the combustion of the coke oven gas evolved from the carbonization process within the coking chambers; or by the making of a simple adjust ment, as will hereinafter appear, the oven may be operated as agas oven, during which operation the entire product of coke oven gas is saved and an extraneously derived special I generator gas, for example producer gas, is employed for heating t'hecharges of coal in the coking chambers. The invention not only contemplates the quick and ready conversion of the oven for operation in'one Way or the other, as above specified, without the adjustments hereinbefore encountered in the conversion of combination ovens, but also provides in each use of the oven, an air supply of a character necessary to meet the re quirements of the fuel being burned and effects this result without any additional ap paratus or the necessity for complicated adjustment of the air supply.

In addition to the general objects recited above, the invention has for its objects such other improvements or advantages in construction and operation as are found to obtain in the structures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part'of this specification, and showing, for

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

Application filed April 27, 1920. Serial No. 377,024.

purposes of exemplification, a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention specifically to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a. composite vertical sectional elevation through a coking retort oven of a type embodying features above specified and equipped with the improvements of the pres ent invention, the view being taken on vertical planes crosswise of the coke oven through the heating wall and also through the coking chamber, as indicated by the line 11 of Figure 2, for the purpose of disclosing all the parts necessary for an understanding of the invention;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through a coking retort oven of the type illustrated in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged detailed crosswise vertical section of the damper region of a coking retort oven, such as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2; I

Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line 44 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line 55 of Figure 3;

Figure 6 is a perspective of a damper brick.

' The same characters of reference indicate the same parts throughout the several views.

In its present embodiment, the invention is incorporated in a coking retort oven or coke oven battery provided with crosswise extending parallel heating walls constituted of series of vertical flame or heating fines, elongated coking chambers intermediate the heating walls and parallel therewith and crosswise regenerators located at a lower level than the heating walls and the coking chambers and parallel therewith. For convenience, the present description will be 0011- fined to this use of the invention; features of construction are, however, readily susceptible of other valuable applications and, consequently, it is manifest that the scope of the invention is by no means confined to the specific use and specific embodiment herein described as an illustrative example.

Referring to the drawings, there are illustrai ed sectional views of a coke oven battery of the by-product type, such as has been hereinbefore mentioned, which embodies in plurality of intermediate crosswise elongated vertical coking chambers or ovens 12-42, the latter alternating with the,heating walls, as shown more particularly in Figure 2. The heating walls 11 form the side walls of the respective coking chambers 12 and are supported by the heavy supporting or pillar walls 1313 extending crosswise of the battery, and in the present instance, beneath the heating walls 11, as particularly illustrated in Figure 2. These pillar walls collectively form the main support for the entire superstructure of the oven battery, and are themselves firmly supported upon a flat mat or platform 14, which constitutes the subfoundation on which the entire battery rests.

The coal to be coked is charged into the several coking chambers or ovens 12 through suitable charging holes, not shown, but located in the usual manner in the top 15 of the oven battery and ositioned directly above the ovens or co ing chambers 12. Heat for coking the charges of coal in the several ovens or chambers 12 is derived from the heating walls 11, which, as before mentioned, extend crosswise of the battery at the sides of the coking chambers and are, in the present instance, each provided with a set of vertical heatin or flame lines 16 constituting elongated chambers for the combustion of gaseous fuel in an atmosphere of highly preheated air. When the oven is used as a coke oven, the coke oven gas is supplied through gas conduits or channels 17, there being a gas channel for each set of heating fines. The several channels 17 extend lengthwise through the pillar walls 13 and communicate with the usual discharging ducts 18, indicated by dotted lines in Figure 5, such ducts individuall extending to individual heating fines. A ter conversion of the oven into a gas oven, the special generator gas, such as produced gas, is introduced into the several heating fines of each heating wall in a manner which will hereinafter appear. The individual heating fines 16 of each set are connected by a horizontal fine 19- through which the products-of combustion pass from those fines of each set which are operating for up ow to the fines of the same set on the other side of the coke oven which are operating for downflow. Above each heating fine 16 and adapted to communicate therewithcthrough the horizontal fine is an access flue20 extending to the top of the oven battery and adapted to be normally closed at its upper end byimeans ofthensualcoverplate. Y

Located at a lower level than the coking between such heating walls.

chambers and the heating walls and positioned between each pair of adjacent pillar walls 13, is a pair of aligned crosswiseextending regenerators 21, t e meetin ends of which are separated by the longitin inally extending. partition 22, the latter dividing the oven longitudinally into two sections that operate according to the usual reversal principal fully set forth in the patent to K0 pers above mentioned.

Each regenerator 21 is a chamber containing open brick work, commonly called checker work, and indicated at 23 with distributing sole channels 24, underneath such checker work, the channels forming the soles of such chambers and opening up into the checker work; these regenerators in alternation are heated by the hot combustion products they draw off from the flame flues and then impart such heat to the medium that they feed directly into these flame flues when the latter are burning.

In accordance with the invention, there is located in the top of each regeneiator a horizontal partition 25 extending longitudinally with respect to the regenerator from the front to the inside end thereof. These partitions 25 serve to separate from the checker work of their res ective regenerators, the regenerator spaces a ove such checker work; such regenerator spaces are themselves divided, by vertical partitions 26 extending lengthwise from end to end of the regencr ators and connecting the soles of the oven chambers with the partitions 25, into individual and separated channels 27 also extending longitudinally within the top of their respective regenerators, there being two of such channels for each of the regenerators, with the exception of the regenerators at the end of the battery, as shown. These channels 27 are provided with ducts 28 lead mg respectively to the individual flame lines 16 of the sets of flame flues in the heating walls 11. In-the arrangement shown, the ducts 28 of the two channels 27 of a regexp erator respectively lead to the individual members of the sets of flameflues of the two adjacent heating walls 11 that are disposed next to and on the opposite sides of the regenerator beneath the cokingv chamber 12 struction, it is possible to direct the entire flow from a regenerator through the ducts 28 of one channel 27 into the set of flame fines 16 of a single heating wall; or, on the other hand. it is possible to divide the flow from a regenerate! so that part of the flow passes through one channel 27 and its duotsto the flame fines of one adjacent heating wall and the remainder of the flow passes throughthe other channel 27 and its ducts intothe fiame fines of the next adajecent heatingwall.

The invention provides a simple and easily \Vith this con accessible means for regulating the flow from the checker work of the several regenerators, '1I1 order that the flow may be directed in ing damper bricks 30mounted on the horizontal partition 25 and adapted to be operated by handles 31 that extend through control boxes 32 beyond the side of the coke oven battery,all as shown more particularly in Figures l to 6 inclusive. By operating the sliding dampers 30 from the outside of the coke oven battery, the ports 29 of the two channels 27 above the checker work of each regenerator may be opened or closed to place either one or both of such channels in .com-

;munication. with the'checker work of their respective regenerators. The flow from or to each regenerator is thus capableof direct control by the 'manipulation of a simple manually operable means positioned in a most accessible place on the outside of the battery.

The invention contemplates using this very simple control of the regenerator flow for quickly converting the oven from a coke oven in which coke oven gas is used for heat ing purposes, into a gas oven wherein a special generator gas, such as producer gas,

' is used for heating the charges of coal be ing coked. Vvhenoperating as a coke oven, the ports 29 of one channel 27 of each regenerator are closed by moving the damper bricks 30 over them and the parts of the opposite channel on the same side of the several regenerators in the lengthwise order of the battery are open. The coke oven gas is turned on into the gas ducts 17 and the entire flow from each of the upflow regener-- ators passes through a single series of ducts 28 into single sets of flame flues, thereby providing the necessary acceleration of flow, but without increasing the volume of the air supply for the burning of the coke oven gas. The entire downflow also passes to each regenerator through a single series of ducts 28.

The acceleration of flow is such as to provide proper distention or lengthening orv the coke oven gas flame within the flues, to

avoid local flame concentration towards the bottom otsuch flues. On the other hand when operating with a special generator gas, such as producer gas, requiring only about one-fifth as much air per unit of gas volume but having an almost proportionately lower heat value, the air supply per unit of time must be about the same, but furnished from only half the number of regenerators. Both ports 29 of all the regenerators are opened by manipulation of the damper bricks 30, so that the flow from each regenerator is divided and passes into the flame fines of the pair of heating walls adjacent to such regenerators and the producer gas is introduced into alternate regenerators and the air for supporting combustion is introduced into the regenerators intermediate such alternate regenerators. Each regenerator thus feeds two sets of heating flues and the producer gas flowing into a set of heating flues from one regenerator meets the air flowing into the same flues from the adjacent regenerator. The volume of air required for the proper combustion of producer gas is greatly less than that required for the coke oven gas and the divided flow from each regenerator insures the proper proportion of air and gas in each heating flue.

The conversion of the oven from a gas oven into a coke oven or vice versa, provided by the present invention, may be made without the complicated adjustments heretofore encountered when converting combination ovens, because the mere damper regulation itself provides the proper proportion of air and gas in burning either of the two kinds of gas. Moreover the control permitting the conversion of the oven is located eXteriorly of the battery, thereby making it a simple matter for an attendant to walk along the outside of the battery and adjust the dampers.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form of construction, but may be variously embodied Within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

What is claimed is:

1. A coking retort oven, having coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and regenerators, combined with means for optionally effecting communication between a regenerator and the heating walls on both sides of a coking chamber or only with a single heating wall; substantially as specified.

2. In a coking retort oven, in combination: parallel coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to the coking chambers and parallel therewith; regenerators located at a lower level than the heating walls and the coking chambers and parallel therewith; and means for interchangeably connecting such regenerators each with a pair of adjacent heating walls or with a single heating wall;

channels extending chamber or only with a single heating wall; substantially as specified.

4. In a coking retort oven, in combination: parallel cokingl chambers; heating walls contiguous to t e coking chambers and parallel therewith; regenerators located at a lower level than the heating walls and coking chambers and parallel therewith; and dampers individually asociated with each regenerator for intercha ably connecting such regenerators each with a pair of adjacent heating walls or with a single heating wall; substantially as specified.

5. In a coking retort oven, in combination coking chambers; heating walls contiguous thereto; regenerators located at a lower level than the heating walls and coking chambers, and respectively having in their tops two there along and individually communicating with individual heating walls; and means for interchangeably placing such channels singly or collectively in communication with the checker work of said regenerators; substantially as specified.

6. In a coking retort oven, in combination: coking chambers; heating walls contiguous thereto and respectively provided with a set of heating fines; regenerators located at a lower level than the heating walls and the coking chambers, and respectively having in their tops two channels extending therealong and individually communicatin by ducts with a set of flues of an individual heating wall; and means for interchangeably placing said channels singly or collectively in communication with the checker work of said regencrators; substantially as specified.

7. In a coking retort oven, in combination: coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to the coking chambers; regenerators; and

means for interchangeably connecting such regenerators each with a pair of heating walls or with a single heating wall; substantially as specified.

8. In a coking retort oven, in combination :v

coking chambers; heating. walls contiguous thereto; rogenerators located at a lower level than the heating walls and the coking chamhers, and respectively having in their tops two channels extending therealong and individually communicating with individual heating walls; and dampers individually aseociated with each n'erator for interchangeably placing sai channels s' ly or collectively in communication wi l? the checker work of said regenerators; substantially as specified.

9. In a coking retort oven, in combination: coking chambers; alternately disposed heating walls contiguous to the coking chambers and respectively provided with a setof heating flues; regenerators located at a lower level than the heating walls of thecokin chambers and respectively wit two sets of ports, said sets 0? tively leading to the sets of heating fines of a pair of adjacent heating walls; and means for interchangeably directing the regenerator flow through both or through one, set of such ports; substantially as specified.

10. A coking retort oven, having coking chambers, heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers, regeneraters, and duct means interposed between a r mrator and a pair of adjacent heating wa s, combined with means for optionally directing the flow from a regenerator, through said duct means, intoboth saidheating walls, or into only one of them; substantially as specified.

JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN.

ports respec- V

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