US1407866A - Revetment - Google Patents

Description

E. JONES.

REVETMENT.

APFLlcATloN man nmz?, 1920.

'1 ,407,866 Patented Feb. 28, 1922.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

E. JONES.

REVETMENT. APPLICATION man D`Ec.2`1,192o.

A Patented Feb. 28, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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E. JONES.

REVETNIENT.

APPLICATION FILEDA D Ec= 27, 192

Patented nebyzs, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

BME-Na EDWARD JONES, oF Lnevnnwearn,` KANSAS.

f'REVETMENT.

v Application eld December 27,1920. Serial No; 433,235.

To aZZwLo/m it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD Jonas, a c1tizenof the v.United States, residing at Leavenwortlndn the county of Leavenworth practical improvement yto overcome certain serious and important practical `objections to, and f defects in, pastY and I present forms, styles and structures of `revetment and method of constructing same. An important `object of my inventioniis to provide'the river bed adjoiningthe river bank, or slope with a' vcoating'of Yquarry sp'alls, crushed stone, gravel, yor equivalent material, graded' in size from fine to4 the largest fragment,- so ythatit'will result in the least percentage of voids. This coating is to preferably cover the entire area that is to be later covered by what is known as a foot mattress.

A further object is to provide afoot mattress made from asou'nd barfgrowth of willows, of suitable diameters anddengths, the lstitch being overand under and made in such amanner thatl deepv pockets shall be formed between `the stitches for the rece'ption of ballast retainer-sin the form vof suitable sir/,e quarry spalls, erft-heir equivalent.

.A still further object of the invention-is to strengthen the mattresswith a system 40 of crossed metallic strands laid in engagement with'the bottom face yofthe foot-inattress, and, at intervals to'be pulled upto the top surface of: the mattress and provided vwith' wooden toggles shoved'iinderl thel bites formed in the strands to twist the crossing strands and finally wiring both ends of the toggles to the foot mattress.

A still further object of the invention is tofprovide the upper face 'of the mattress with a` layer of graded quarry spalls, gravel, Crushed stone, orY its equivalent. Y

A" stillr further object of the invention is the provision of= a revetment, andmethod f of'construeting the same, that will guard Specification of Letters Patent; Patented; Feb. 28,V 1922;

against the possible yscour which: usually: takes lplace within the area of lthe `river bed covered by the footmattress.

'A still further object of theinventionlis the provision of a frevetment' which* may be successfully used in connection with adike structure for, protecting 'therd-ike fromun.-

due scour 'off the-river bed, which afscolur -v causesV an undermining whichared'uc'es vpene.- tration of dike;prlesfiweakening;zsame and allowing foot mattress'towsettle.

Other objects andadvantages ofwthefim y vention will be apparentv during .the course of fthe following specification,rand; what :the invention consistsinis :more particularlyrset forth-hereinafter andfinally pointed out-*in thewclaims heretoxappended.. -1

Referring rto the accompanying? drawings forming-apart of this specification-wherein -1 i likey characters of an'eference wden'ote; similar partsfthroughout the'severalviews: f f. i Fig.' 1,' is -V a: plany view f of.- my improved revetme'nt with portions thereof.V removed to `.clearly Ishow the structure thereof.

2, is a side.elevatiolitliereof. Fig. 3,isfa`pla1rfview of.;therrevetmenvr used in connection with a dike; AFigli 45. is a' sideelevationthereof.v i

Fig. 5, is a detailyilizse'ctionalelevation,

of a portion 'of the" revetment.

iReferringg Snow,` to' the accompanying dr-awin-gs, that part 'of the river: bank;` :desig.y natedf lrshall be` referredftoas the lower bank, 'or river bed, and; that. part@v designated 1 Y 2 shall be referredto .as'thezupperbank or shore. 1 In carrying out the aimofnnyi invention where ftherevetment `is. used 'for V.protecting iiver banks remote' from: dikes,-'the upper al.;

bank 2 is trstsuitably'graded with a` view to formingk a suitablelcontinuous slopeffrom its top t0 the river bed, or lowenbankf, and the cross sectionathereoffshall.be` sufficiently Iclosewftogether to"-deterinine'1fthe 1..; amount of earth' necessaryto'- be cut `from theIv upper loa-nkI 2 to'form a suitableslope from the waters edge-'nto theyriverxbeduon the lower bankto avoid any bluffbankabef low the water. ""The slopeof'the'uppe'r bank 2` is determined'. by f' the quality; of"ea.rth'

necessary to makethe opposite fill, and, in no case should a-blul' bankbef-permittedto exist or remain insthe lower: bank 1 l.to'ybe later covered with"revetment,` eventhoug'h other material has been deposited to aid in securing a continuous slope to the river bed. No attempt should be made to degrade projecting points as the excess earth causes' a fill and accentuates the trouble.

grading, or from rain lor wave wash,"they should be filled; with earth, sand or equiva lent material. Upon completion of this operation, both the lower ba'nk2 andthe upper bank l should present a fairly even surface to receive a suitable graded quarry spall,or crushed stone coating, or the equivalent thereof, as4 will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

In advanceof foot mattress weaving and ls following close behind the grading operavidea suitable and :substantial .bed foundation, or base coatingdaid upon the lower bank 2, which `coating will result inthe least-number ofvoids. The :coating 3 is spread over the lower-bank 2 `of. the river bed to belatercoveredv with `a suitable foot mattress,f'which vwill now `be described.

Referring, now, tothe foot vmattress,

designated 4. i Thisv mattress is,V for example, althoughfnotwlimited to such` dimensions, approximately twelve inches thick and of a minimum width ofapproximately eighty six feet, 'the length thereof being de-v termined by conditions. f

The shore edgedesignated 5 of the mattress 4, should lie, although not limited to such.; dimensions, approximately three yfeet above the standard low water line desig-` nated 6 when work iscarried on, but it may be placed as high above `the standard levels,

u as desired, depending usually upon the river stagesv at time ofworkf T'he'foot mattress maybe/increasedin `width when working above three foot stage so that the mattress may extend any .suitable distance out from the standard low'water stage vline with the upperbank l.v u a Y The `footlmattress` designated 4, which I employ, ismade from sound.-bar growth willows designated 7. These willows pref-` erably range from `oneinch'toffour inches in diameter at the butt ends and from twelve Y to twenty five feet long,` although Ido not wish to be understood as limiting 4myself to such dimensions. The stitch ofthe wili lows in forming the ymattress is over'and under,l to form deep pockets between thel stitches, which pockets-act 1n the capacityl of retainers of a suitable graded crushed Vhere' holes are made in the slope due to hydraulic quarry spall ballast 7'; A smooth close wovenmat made of smaller willows has been found, in years of'practice, to be impractical and worthless, as such a mattress will not retain'the necessary ballast to carry out the aim of my invention. My object is to Aill all ofthe pockets, reticulations or crevices formed in the mattress with suitable graded ballast causing the mattress and ballast tof-.form close contact with the lower bank coating or foundation 3 and to act as a substantialv proof or" floor against scour.

A suitable layer or coating 8 of preferably graded quarry spalls, crushed stone, or its equivalent, and of the same quality as thevmattress ballast material is spread over the entire top of the foot mattress to coverv and protect the mattress and its ballast,'as is manifest. y i

Priorgto filling the pockets of the foot ymattress with suitable ballast material, `I

strengthenthe foot mattress 4 by a system of suitable metallic strands. The mattress strengthening system consists of a plurality of longitudinal strands 9 spaced a suitable distance apartL anda plurality of transverse strandslO. These strands 9 and 10.are laid in contact with theA bottom face of the mattress 4. At the intersections of the longitudinalr and transverse strands 9 and 10, they i are pulled up to form an inverted U-shaped bite l1 extending upwardly a .suitable distance above the top surface ofthe mattress and cross eachother atvright angles, as is manifest.`

roeden -toggles12 are employed, and these toggles are,'for example, six inches in diameter` and four feet long, although not'limited to these dimensions. 'Thertoggles are shoved under the crossed bites formed by the strands, and, `the toggles are given a round turn to twist the strand bites, the toggle acting as alever, as ismanifest. Bothends lof the toggles areV preferably wiredor otherwise suitably fixed to the willowsqof the mattress 4" to prevent displacement thereof. `These toggles assist tohold the willows together inthe 4form of a foot mattress and further act as baffles to retain therock covering.v upon the mattress and prevent displacement thereof, .asf is `'mani-` fest. -i .i e

,Briefly speaking,` itis evident ,from the foregoingl description, that. the revetment consists, of a layer of graded quarryspalls, or itsvequivalent to provide a base,` awillow foot mattress formed with deep pockets, to retain a suitable quarry spall ballast, and finally'a top V'coating of suitably graded quarry ballast, the whole forming a body substantially freefrom voids and providing a revetment which will eliminate the scour and yeroslonwhich is the chief cause of revetment destruction; Wherefscour'of the rabaste" r' yerfbed or loiver b'ank'is eliminated, permanent revetment V1s assured.

The foregoing descriptionhas referred toA tliefuse"Y of Vthe revetment as)k a protection to riverbanks, shores, andthe like andthe folloiving .'Will refer to theuse of my improved revetmentin yeonnectlon with a dike, which structures are used on alluvial rivers for diverting and concentrating channels, closing.

i nated A With three pilings to a clump. The

headsof thefp'iling comprising each clump, are pulled'together 'and lashed with a metallicstrand B.' ,A rider @consisting of long pilingjis dropped between' the tivo rows' of clumps to strengthen the dike transversely. Asuitable crib C extends from the shore end of the dike and consists of brush c andsuitable stonec intermingled, as shown in Figures a and 5. The stone c may be graded, if desired. y V i p v The yfailure ofv dikes to carry out their intended purpose is usually due to scour. A proof that the failure is usually due to scour, isfthatl the foot mattress settles until the penetration` of the piling over a certain area is soi reduced that overturning ofthe piles from Weight above is the natural result and no amount of cableapacking blocks, or double lbracingivill change the result. Soundings taken across a breached section of dikes confirms the conclusion that the kfoot mattress settle/mentis the ydirect canse of the. largest per cent of dikezfaili'ires, thus itis clear that the foot mattress of dikes, as now used and applied,'certainly do not prevent scour and settlement of mattress that may result in. disaster to an entire project.

To overcome these dike failures, I employ the same revetment structure `previously de" s'ribed, namely, a graded quarry spall foundationlaid upon the river bed, or lower bank 2 an'dI lay thereupon the Woven willow mattress 4l. `rThis mattr-ess has the greatest possibilities-for making a scour proofl footing that will stabilize dikestrueturesinthat the foot mattress for dikestructures is preferably eonstrncted with the 4brush` top on the under side of the mat so as to press doivn andfho'ld 'in place the'foundation et scour proof material preventing any loss thereof by displacement. T he pockets :formed in the Woven mat being filled with the suitable scour proof ballast 7', it will b e in order to View my improved revetment 'from an entirely different point than the ordinary Well known Woven Willow mat, for instead of'depending on the mat to act alone as the foundation for a dike, it will assume a secondary place, namely, a retainer for a material that is scour proofA Which, in turn, is

laid upon a graded-quarry spall foundation, Wliiehtis also scour proof, thereby eliminating the possibilities of mat settling adjacent thelbase of lthe dike piles, as scour of the river. bed ble.

"'Most vanystylel of dike would probably withstand against the forces for which they ivere designed,` providingthat thev conditions surrounding them 'remained' stationary,` but,

limmediately upon completion of a dike, the

conditions 'become very much altered, the area of the waterway is'decreased, resulting `in 'increased velocity of steam, and, as the river rises these velocities are greatly accelerated, and when driftrbegins to lodge againstthe dike, faster restricting the Water area, failure of the dike is altogethery too frequent to consider any at thepresent time a'success, due chiefly to scour, which I overcomefby the employment of my improved 'form of' revetment which is mainly the provision of means for establishing a foundation which Will prevent any possible chance offscour ofthe lower bank or river bed.

AThe many advantages ofthe herein described invention ivill readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the artto whichL it appertains. p

I do not Wish to be understood as limiting myself to the exact details of construction and arrangement of parts thereof as herein described, but desire to have it clearly understood that the revetment shown in the drawings is merelyillustrative, as it is manifestthat rminor variations and modifications maybe madein the structure Without departing from the spirit yand scope ofmy invention and/the terms of the` appended claims, hence I WishL it to be Clearly understood that I reserve the right to make any such'changes, or modifications as may fairly fall ivithin the scope vof the appended claims when fairly construed.

Vilhat I claim is: l l5 revetment composed of a lower bank coatingl layer of quarrysspalls graded from nete` the largest fragments to provide a base layer 'free'from voids, a Woven Willow mattress having deep pockets vtherein laid upon the lo-iver bank coating, ballast material .filling the pockets ofthe mattress to cause the mattress and ballast to `form close contact with the lovrer bank coating to act as a proof against scour and a coating'of rock material spread over the top surface of the mattress substantially free from voids.

2. i revetment composed of a lower bank foundation of graded quarry spalls to free the Yfoundation from voids, a Woven Willow 'foot mattress covering having pockets therein for the foundation, a crushed rock ballast carried by the pockets of the mattress to free the mattress of voids and establish close thereunder is practically impossi-v reo the upper face of the mattress at the intersections of the strands to form 'inverted `U- shaped bites, toggle levers passing through and engaging the bites for twisting the bites and bring the toggles into engagement with the top face of the mattress to act as spaced balies and a covering of suitable rock material spread over the top surface of the mattress and held against displacement by means of the spaced toggles.

4. A revetment comprising a mat composed of woven willow members to form deep pockets, longitudinal and transverse metallic strands engaging the lower face of the mattress, upright inverted U shaped bites formed at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse metallic strands, wooden toggles engaging the bites and held in position by twisting the bites, means for fastening the ends of toggles to the members of the mattress so as to form spaced baffles upon the upper face of the mattress, rock ballast filling the pockets of the mattress to eliminate voids therein, a voidless quarry spall foundation spread upon the lower bank of the river bed upon which the mattress is seated and to form close contact therewith to prevent scour, and a covering of quarry spalls spread upon the top surface of the mattress and held from casual displacement by the toggles aforesaid.

, 5. VA revetment for shore and dike protection composed of a layer of graded quarry spalls spread upon the lower bank of a river bed, a woven willow mattress having deep` pockets therein, strengthening means for said mattress, crushed stone ballast filling the pockets of said mattress to establish close contact with the lower bank foundation when laid thereupon to avoid scour, a top coating of crushed stone spread upon said mattress and lits ballast filling and means to prevent casual `displacement of thefto'p free from voids, a mattress provided with? deep pockets. laid upon said'spall foundation, ballast filling the pockets of said mat-v tress to free it of voids and cause close con,- tact thereof with the spall foundation to prevent scour, a graded quarry spall top coating for said mattress, and meansfto prevent casual displacement of said top coatlng.

7. A revetment comprising a rock material base, a combined woven willow andi rock ma?y terial body laidupon said base and ajrockl material coating for said combined ywoven willow androck material body. f e y 8. A revetment comprisingl a lgraded quarry spall base, alayer of woven willows having pockets therein, rock material carried by the pockets `of said layer of woven willows to act as a ballast therefor, and a l top coating of rock material, the several la ers of materials acting as a revetment bo y to veliminate scour of the river bed covered therewith. j

9. A revetment for shore and dike prof' tection comprising a .base layer of ballast material, a reticulation of'willows to form pockets laid upon the base layer, of ballast material, graded quarryrspalls intermingled with the reticulation of willows for filling the'pockets of said reticulation of willows, means for strengtheningthe reticulation of willows, spaced toggles fixed to engage the upper surface of said reticulation of willows anda face layer of ballast material for said reticulation of willows. e

10. A revetment for shore and dike protection consisting of a reticulation of wil-v lows interwoven to form a mat provided with a multiplicity of miscellaneous pockets adapted to be laid upon fthe shore and river bed, ballast fillingfor the pockets of said spaced toggles connected to said strengthening means in such a manner as to engage the upper surface ofthe mat and a face layer of ballast materialfor said mat. l

In testimony whereof, IV have hereunto signed my name to the specification.

,reticulations of willows, longitudinal and transverse strengthening means for said mat,

'EDWARD JoNEsl. f

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