US1484122A - Telephone system - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 19, 1924.'v

H. L. FALK TELEPHONE SYSTEM Filed sept'. 25. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEYS Feb. 19 1924.'

H. L. FLK

TELEPHONE SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 23 1921 l ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 19, 1924,.

UNITED STATES HILBERT L.. FALK, 0F NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

TELEPHGNE SYSTEM.

Application tiled September 23, 1921. Serial No. 502,760.

To all whom t 'may concer/n.'

Be it known that I, HiLnii'r L. FALK, a citizen of the United States, residin in the city of New Orleans, parish .of rleans, State of Louisiana, have invented a new and useful Telephone System, of which the following is a specification.

The object and purpose of this invention is to provide a novel means for the transmission of speech, vocal or other sounds through a metallic conductor regardless of its len th, resistance or capacity, without the emp oyment of boosting relays or vacuumtubes interposed in the line between the transmitter and receiver, irrespective of the distance between said transmitter and receiver, means being also provided in my novel system for eliminating the employment of a return circuit or ground as commonly employed by the present commercial systems.

To accomplish these ends, I employ a novel arrangement of elements for the generation of an energy wave which is sent over the transmission line to the receiver regardless of the resistance in said line, and then transformed into direct electrical energy whereby no appreciable electrical current is permitted to pass into the transmitting lines.

I have found in the practice of my invention that the energy which I have generated will flow around any conductor regardless of its internal resistance or capacity.

I have further found from the practical use of my invention and it is my opinion based on extensive practical tests, that the size o r length of said conductor regardless of the nature of the metal or resistance, offers no obstacle to the transmission of this energy, and I have further found in practice, that it is preferable to use iron or steel wire, which has a higher resistance than copper.

I have further found that by the use of a high resistance conductor, the transmission of the sound waves for proper reception is greatly improved and their audibility at the receiving end is more satisfactory. The novel theory by which I explain my invention is that of utilizing electrical energy to generate the novel magnetic flux or magnetic waves or lines of force I employ in the transmission of speech or other audible sounds,

said magnetic iiux being in turn thereafter transformed into direct electrical energy. My invention further consists of a novel provision to exclude all appreciable electric oscillations and current from passing into the single transmission line.

I further provide novel means for permitting the transmission and reception of several messages at one and the same time over a single conductor.

I further provide novel means for transforming the energy, hereafter referred to, into direct electrical energy by the use of suitable novel instruments locally ener 'zed, thereby permitting the signals or soun s reproduced to become audible in an ordinary high resistance telephone receiver. v

In in novel invention, as there is no appreciab e electrical current in the line or conductor, it is my opinion based on the practical use of my invention that any electrical resistance therein can have no effect in the transmission of the energy lhereinafter referred to, and as there is no appreciable electrical energy in the line, no return circuit or ground is required to accomplish my novel result.

To the above ends, my invention in its broad aspects consists of novel means for the transmission of speech, vocal or other sounds, wherein I employ a single ungrounded line extending between a plurality of stations, an ener transmitter at one of said stations, inclu ing a source of current variations and an energy transformer between it and said line, comprising means, in-

\ cluding a resistance of the order of several megohms, and connections by which all appreciable electric Voscillations and current are excluded, an energy receiver at the other sta- -tion connected to the line, and means to reproduce from the received energy, current variations corresponding to those derived from said source.

It further consists of a novel construction of transmitter or transmitting system and receiver or receiver system, wherein vocal or other sounds are transmitted by energy hereinafter described, through a metallic conductor and then reconverted into direct electrical energy, thereby dispensin with boosting relays or vacuum tubes interposed in the line between the transmitter and receiver, and I further dispense with a return circuit or ground of the character commonly in vogue.

My invention further consists of other novel features of construction and advantage all as will be hereinafter fully set forth.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, l have shown in the accompanying drawings, forms thereof which are at resent preferred by me, since the same wil give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, although it is to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which my inveixtion consists can be variously arranged and organized and that my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of these instrumentalities as herein shown and described.

Figure 1 represents a dia ammatic View of the transmitter of a te ephone system embodying my invention.

Figure 2 represents a diagrammatic view of the receiver of a telephone system embodying my invention. y

Figure 3 represents a detail view of the end secondary coils seen in Figure 1.

Figure 4 represents a detail view of the intermediate secondary coil seen in Figure 1.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings My novel invention in its entirety comrses a transmitting system and a receiving system, the construction and mode of operation of the transmitter being first described.

The novel elements entering in to the transmitter are the following, reference being first had to Fi re 1.

1 designates a so t iron core having the primary windings 2. The secondary windings which are three in number are, designated as 3, 4 and 5.

The secondary winding 3 has the terminals 6 and 7 which are connected to the fixed condenser 8. The seconda winding 4 has the terminals 9 'and 10 whic are connected to the fixed condenser 11.

The secondary winding 5 has the ter minals 12 and 13 connected to the lixed condenser 14, it being apparent that said secondary winding 4 acts as a check, thereby neutralizing the center of the coil, and pre-v vents any' current Howing between the coils 3 and 5. It will. be understood in practice that since the coil 4 has its terminals 9 and 10 connected to the fixed condenser 11, there is permitted a continuous How of current in said coil within itself. The coil 4 .is entirely disconnected from the coils 3 and 5, whereas in an ordinary induction coil, said coils 3, 4 and 5 would be connected. l'n my device, the coils 3 and 5 are at op oside ends of the core, and consequently ischarge opposite lines of force. The coil 4 being placed in the center, prevents any induced current between the coils 3 and 5, and said coil 4 generates within .itself a current, preventing a unit of the coils 3 and 5 from generating an e ectric current messias, y.

as commonly known within an induction posed of line insulated wire forming two coils, one half of the turns of one coil being wound clock wise as indicated at 130, and the otherhalf of the turns of said coil being wound counter clock wise as at 131. The linner turns of the other coil start counter clock wise as indicated at 132, while the other half of the turns of said latter coil are wound clockwise as indicated at 133. From this construction it will be seen that the induced current; generated within the seconda coil 3, reverses itself within that coil, an hence any current is prevented from iowing from said coil, and consequently only thepmagnetic waves or magnetic flux heretofore described flow from said coil 3 atthe point 16 to the line 15. The terminals 6 and 7 are connected in series to the condenser 8, the purpose of which is to cause acirculation between the twocoils composing the secondary coil 3, and to prevent leakage of energy.

The coil 5 has the same construction and function as the coil 3, so that as above de- 15 is connected to the center of the coil 3 and positive at the other, but after said waves have passed through the tube 19. they are rectlied and become neutral and polarless and are devoid of any of the characterstics of an electric current. The resistance coil 18 is a wire coil of 4preferably tungsten metal, which is well known because of its high resistance, and is not to Cil be confounded with the customary gridmember of a vacuum tube.

The line 2() extends from the line 15 to the switch 21 from which leads the line 22 to the crystal rectifier 23, from whlch leads the line 24 to the direct current battery 25.

and 27 respectively to the fixed condenser 28.

The line 29 leads from the direct current battery to the line 30 which leads to the negative magnetic plate 31 in the vacuum 19." The line is connected to the high resistance coil 32 of six megohms. The line 33 leads from the resistance 32 to the fixed condenser 34, from which leads the line 25 to the primary inductance 36, from which leads the line. 37 to the high resistance'coil 38 of six magohms from which the line 39 leads to the secondary inductance 40, the line 41 leading from the latter to the receiving instrument.

The line 42 leads from the high resistance coil 32 to the direct current battery 43 of about 2O volts, said battery being in series with the resistance 32 and the negative plate 31. The line 44 leads from the line 42 to the fixed condenser 45 from which leads the line 46 to the line 30. The line 47 leads from the direct current battery 43 and the line 48 leads therefrom to the heating {ila-ment 49 in the vacuum 19.

The line 50 leads from the heating filament 49 to the rheostat 51 from which leads the linev52 to the direct current battery 53. The line 54 leads from the rheostat line 52 and the battery 53 to the point 55 of the secondary winding 5.

The line 56 leads from the line 54 to the fixed condenser 57 from which leads the line 58 to the positive magnetic plate 59 in the vacuum 19. The line 60 leads from the line 15 to the plate 61 located in the vacuum 19. In practice, I have found the best results to be obtained by making the positive and negative magnetic plates as 59 and 31 out of suitable magnetic metal, such as iron or steel, which is highly tempered in order to retain its magnetism. The positive plate 59 is coated on one side with a plate of silicon and the negative plate 31 is coated on one side with a plate of galena, the silicon and galena facing. The oscillating plate 61 is composed of platinum. The line 62 leads from the line 15 to the variable condenser 63 from which the line 64 leads to the line 54. I have found in the practical use of my invention that owing to static conditions, there may be a very slight amount of static or atmospheric current in the line, which I particularly desire to prevent and consequently employ at the points designated the condensers 63,17, 45, 57 and 28, whose capacities vary according to climatic conditions from about two microfarads up, consequently, as a result of my employment of said condensers at the points indicated all liability of the presence of any appreciable electric orstatic currents in the transmission line 41 is positively prevented. The condensers in the receiving system to be hereafter referred to are employed From the lines 22 and 24 lead thelines 26 for the above reasons.

The telephone transmitter is indicated at 65 and 1s connected -across the primary winding 2 in series with a ldirect current battery 66, it being apparent that the soft iron core 1 is separated from the coils 3 4 and 5 by the insulating tube 67 It will be seen from the foregoing that the primary coil 2 is insulated from the secondary coils 3, 4 and 5 by the insulating material 67 and is connected in series with a suitable source of electrical current and telephone transmitter for the transmission 4of speech and other sounds. The primary when in operation in my opinion sets up magnetic lines of force, without the secondary coils 3 and 5, which it will be noted are separated by another coil 4, at the neutral center of the primary coil. This coil 4 acts as a check, holding the negative and positive ends of the coils 3 and 5 to their respective polarity, thus allowing the negative lines of force to flow from the point 16 through the line 15 and fixed condenser 17, to the resistance coil 18 in the vacuum 19. I

It is my opinion based on the practical use of my invention that by the employment of the -coil 5, the positive lines of force flow from the point 55 through the line 54 to the line 56, fixed condenser 57 and line 58 to the positive magnetic plate 59, located within the vacuum 19, and consequently thev positive and negative lines of force within the vacuum 19 are therein transformed into a magnetic wave without olarity, by the aid of the plate 61, which 1s connected to the circuit 15 by the line 60. No artificial means are used to oscillate the plate 61, which receives its movement from the negative lines of force in the line 60. I collocate the oscillating plate 61, the positive plate 59, the resistance coil 18, the filament 49 and the negative plate 31 within the vacuum tube 19 in the order stated, and the phenomena occurring between the positive and negative plate may be likened in part to that which takes place between two mirrors facing each other and reflecting from one to the other, the energy conveyed to the tube by the resistance coil 18 positioned between said plates. The filament 49 is the only element within the tubel which `is hot, the other elements remaining comparatively cool. This vacuum tube 19 is energized by a local electrical battery 53, which excites the filament 49, thereby creating heat within the vacuum, thus producing a wave which I call a magnetic wave, or magnetic flux, which is taken up by the negative magnetic plate 31 and travels on the lines 30 and 33, fixed condenser 34, line 35, primary inductance 36, line 37, high resistance 38 and line 39 to the secondary inductance 40, and thence to the line 41 to the receiver. When the magnetic wave above explained is created and travelling through the vacuum 19 as above explained the switch 21 is open. When the switch 21 is closed, and the current is cut off from the filament 49 by the rheostat 51, the negative lines of force flow through the lines 20, 22, the rectifier 23, line 24, battery 25, and 'line 29 to the line 30. The shunt circuit last described is utilized in case the filament 49 becomes Meara@ the lines 62 and 64; is used for the purpose of balancing the discharge from the coils 3 and 5. By the term balancing IA mean that the magnetic waves in the lines 15 and 54 are of the same ca acity or of equal stren h. The plate 61 w ich is connected to the ine 15 through line 60 in my opinion causes a churnin or agitating of the magnetic waves within t e vacuum 19, thereby keeping them m constant motion thereby generating what I term a polarless magnetlc wave, which is taken to the line 30 by the negative magnetic plate 31. rlhe function of the condenser 8 1s to prevent a short circuit between the terminals 6 and 7 of the coil 3, it being burnt out or destroyed, and it will be apr-\ my opinion that no current leaves the coil ent that by the manipulation of the swltch 21, the circuits last described can be used independently or in combination, and when used in combination, it will be evident that the magnetic waves are intensified, since there is a double unit functioning. It is possible to start the system into operation by closing the switch 21, without heating the filament 49, the filament not being an essential element to startV the system, but when the switch 21 is open, the filament is essential.

The lines 26 and 27 connect the fixed condenser 28, whose function is to absorb static energy. The line 42 leads from the high resistance 32 to the direct current battery 43 and through lines 47 and 48 to the filament 49, whereby there is caused in my opinion a movement of electrons within the vacuum 19, between the filamentand negative plate 31, which movement causes the magnetic lines of force to fiow through negative magnetic plate 31, to the line 30, and thence as above described to' the line 41. It will be particularly noted that bythe employment of the six megohms resistance 32 at the point indicated, no appreciable current is permitted to flow from the battery 43 to the negafive magnetic plate 31, within the vacuum 19,

waves to pass between filament 49 and the negative magnetic plate 31. If the resistance 32 were removed electric current would flow between filament 49 and'plate'31, which I particularly desire to avoid, and especial attention is called to this feature of my invention which consists in employing said resistance 32, since by this device, I have eliminated any necessity for the employment of 3, and only the form of energy which I term ragnetlc waves leaves said coil at the point flhe function of the condenser 14 of the coll 5 is to prevent a short circuitvbetween the terminals 12 and 13 of said coil, it being apparent that asin the case of coil 3, no current leaves coil 5, and onlythe form of ener which I term magnetic waves leaves said-coil 5x at the point 55. The condenser 11 in the coil4 prevents a shortcircuit between the terminals 9and 10, andthe energy r generated within said coil 4 circulates within saidcoil, thereby having'a neutralizing effect on its center and betweenthe coils` 3 and 5, thus making it possible for the Waves dischargedv from the coils 3 and 5 `to Aretain their individual polarity opposite to; each other. I j 'y The condenser 17 located in the "line 15 prevents any possibility of any-electrical energy passing to the high resistance coil 18 in the vacuum 19, since no appreciable alternating current whatever is ever present in the system.

The operation ofthe transmitter system above described lis asy follows, -it being understood 'that the descriptions-of the functions or phenomena herembefore referred to and hereinafter described, .inl respect of my ion novel apparatus are oered as an hypothesis. y'

lless magnetic wave or flux as employed herein as definitive of the energy transformations occurring in my` novel apparatus, con-A stitute a nomenclature, for these elements devised byv me and which so far as I fam aware, I am the first to` employ in connection with an apparatus of this character, and my claims to said apparatus are to be construed in accordance with the breadth accorded to ioneer inventions of this char- Y acter and without regard to the hypothesis aforesaid.

Any audible sound passing into the transvmitter 65 sets upa magnetic field in the primary coil 2, which is then taken up by coils v from which leads the line 117 to the line 84.

3 and 5, which then generate negative and positive magnetic waves, as above described, which, passing through their respective circuits into the vacuum 19 are changed into a single polarless magnetic wave, which leaves tlie system by the line 41, and overcomes all resistance within the line between the transmitter and receiver, which is the opposite of what would occur if electric current was being used within this line. Resistance has no eiect in retarding the movement of this novel magnetic wave I have above described and I also eliminate the use of a return circuit as commonly employed in all electrical circuits.

The 'gnagnetic wave heretofore described having'ibeen created and transmitted to the line 41, "passes to the receiver 68 seen in Figure 2, whose construction and mode of operation will now be described. The line 41 is connected to the condenser 69 from which the line 7 0'leads to the coil 71, which is made variable by the adjustable contact 72. 73 desi ates a line leading from the coil 71 to the ged condenser 74 from 4which leads the line 75 to the coil 76, which has the adjustable contact 77. From the coil 76 leads the line 78 to the oscillating plate 79 located in the vacuum 80.

, 81. designates a resistance coil within the vacuum 80, from which leads the line 82 to the lixed condenser 83 from which leads the line 84 to the coil 85, through the adjustable contact 86.

87 designates the line leading from the coil to the line 88, which leads to the high resistance 89 of twelve megohms from which leads the line 90 to the line 7 8. The line 87 leads to the line 91 which is connected to the rheostat 92, from which leads the line 93 to the filament 94, from which leads the line 95 to the line 96, which leads to the batte 97 and also to the battery '98, from wliiiz'li the line 99 leads to the telephone receiver 100, from which leads the line 101 to the adjustable impedance 102.

103 designates a line leading from the impedance 102 to the negative magnetic plate 104, located in the vacuum 80.

105 designates a line leading from the line 103 to the battery 106, from which leads the line 107 to the crystal rectifier or wave detector 108, from which leads the line 109 to the switch 110, which is connected by the line 111 to the line 82.

112 designates a line leading from the line 109 to the xed condenser 113, from which leads the line 114 to the line 78.

115 designates a line leading from the line 82 to the resistance 116 of two megohms 118 designates a line leading from the line 78 to the fixed condenser 119 from which leads the line 120 to the positive magnetic plate 121, located in the vacuum 80. 122

designates a line leading from the line 78 to the xed'condenser 123, from which leads the hne 124 to the line 75. 125 designates aline leading from the line 101 to the variable condenser 126, from which leads the .line

v127 to the line 99.

128 designates an insulating or separatu ing medium between the coils 71 and 85,

and 129 designates'.l a similar insulating or separating medium between the coils 85 and '1t will be understood that in practice that the coils 71, 85 and 76 are wound one upon the other, the coil 76 being 'the inner coil, and i the coil 85 wound thereupon but insulatedv therefrom by the insulation 129. 'The coil the incoming signals. These three coils having become ma etized in accordance with the density of t e incoming magnetic waves or iux, it is my opinion that the variations 'of A.

the magnetic lines of force causes a current to dow from said coil 71 through the line 73, condenser 74, line 75 into coil 76, line 78 to the oscillating um 80. Simultaneous y a current is dowing from eachv end of the coil 85, through the line 84, condenser 83 and line 82 to the resistance 81 in the vacuum 80, and also through the line 87 to the line 91. Current is also owing from line 78, throu h line 118, condenser 119 and line 120 to t e positive ma etic plate 121.

The circuit composed of the lines 7 8 and 87 is balanced by the lines 88 and 90 havin the resistance 89 therein of twelve mego ms. The lines 78 and 75 abovereferred to are balanced by the lines'122 and 124 having the condenser 123 therein. By the provision of the heating iilament 94 in the vacuum 80, it is my opinion that a movenient of the negative electrons from the filament to the negative magnetic plate 104 is caused to take place and a direct current flows through the line 103 to the impedance 102 and line 101 to the receiver 100 and by late 79 in the vaculine 99 to the battery 98, line 96 and line 95 v line 91 to the battery 97. 1t is my opinion that the magnetic wave or magnetic ii'ux entering the receiver 68 by the line 70 is transformed into lines of force by the coils and l their circuits, and thereby initially generated into electrical energy, the process being completed bythe coacting elements in the vacuum 80and the polarless magnetic wave is thus transformed back into a direct current, which leaves saidl vacuum by the line 103, and imparts to the dia hragm of the receiver 100 vibrations con orming to the vibrations of the transmitter diaphragm By the provision of the lines 115 and 117 having the two megohm Vresistance therein, a leakage across the condenser 83 is permitted, which l have found to be desirable neeaiaa ma netic flux only is permitted to lpass to sai line 41 in transmission, thereby overcoming all electricalresistancd since I provsame time over a single conductor in telephony,l as it is well known that magnetic lines of force are not affected by the resistance of the conductor..

lt consequently follows that as there is for the ecient operation of my inventicn.\no appreciable electrical current in the line,

In case the filament '94 becomes dead or burnt out, 1 close the switch 110 and utilize the circuit composed of the lines 1.11, 112, 109, the crystal rectifier 108, the line 107, the battery 106, andline 105, to take the yplace of the heated filament, it being apparent that if desired the last described circuit may be used in conjunction ,with said filament or separate therefrom.

By the condenser 113, in the lines 112 and 114, the oscillating plate circuit is balanced.

The variable condenser 126 is used in the lines 125 and 127 for re ulating the variations of the vibrations o the diaphragm -in the receiver 100. .y

llt is my opinion, based on observing the practical operation of my device for a long period that in my novel system, the dipect current created by the audible sounds in the transmitter is transformed by means of the secondary coils 3, d and 5, constructed or collocated as above explained into. lines of force or a magnetic wave or a magnetic uX, which is employed for the transmission of such sounds, said flux being in turn generated into a polarless wave in the vacuum 19, which leaves said vacuum through.

the line 30 and after travelling over the line 4:1, and passing the condenser 69 and over line 70 is transformed by the elements intermediate the line 70 and the line 103 into a direct current again, leaving said vacuum 80 by the line 103, whereby the vocal or other sounds entering the transmitter 65, seen at the left of Figure 1, are reproduced in the receiver 100, seen at the right of Figure 2, so that the vibrations of the diaphragm of the receiver 100 conform precisely to the vibrations of the diav phragm of the transmitter 65.

I have found from numerous tests extending over a long period of time by standard commercial measuring instruments of the highest known delicacy and sensitiveness for the presence of electric oscillations and current, and it is my opinion, that by my employment of the six megohm resistance 32, at the point indicated in Fig. 1, l prevent any appreciable electrical current l from passing into the transmission line 41 since the novel form of energy which l term a polarless magnetic Wave orv is required to accomplish the novel results that l have attained.

My novel system is in my opinion adapt,-

ed especially for long distance or under sea telephony,k and it is my opinion that in the practical use of my device direct current in the manner described is first generated, then transformed `into energy having the characteristics hereinbefore described, which is finallyl transformed into direct electrical energy in the vacuum 80, so that only a direct current leaves said vacuum 80 by the line 103 and in practice audible telephonic spoken `sounds or articulate speech have been clearly and distinctly reproduced by me in the above described system equipped with a transmitter and receiver of' my invention, through a resistance and capacity equal to twenty five thousand miles,`without boosting relays, return circuit or` ground.

As heretofore explained, the resistance 32 of six megohms, is located in the circuit, as shown to prevent any flow of current from the battery 43 to the line 30 and I have found from the practical use of my inven- .tion that the omission of either the resistance 32 or the battery 43 or both from the transmitter will render the system inoperative.

l have further found from the practical use of'my device that only a resistance of six megohms installed at the point 32 will produce the novel results heretofore described, since such practical use has shown that if the resistance 32 is increased or decreased beyond six' megohms, the transmitter system becomes inoperative. Ihave also found from practical use that'it is essential to get the best results that the resistance 38 be of six megohms and located at the point indicated. l have also found that transformed back to a direct electric cur# Aconductor andlwithout a -return circuit or gound and"l without the employment ofl osting relays, vacuum tubes oramplifiers of any character interposed in the line between the transmitter and receiver and withoutany appreciable alternating current in the system.

As i am the erst in the m to disclose an apparatus for the transmission of intelligence having features of the character hereinbefore described,vmy claims to these features are to be interpreted with the scope awarded to pioneer inventions of this character. l

It will be understood that the vacuum tubes 19 and 80 employed in the transmitter and receiver system respectively, together with their contents orcoacting elements are duplicates, so that a single standard size of vacuum tubes and its adjuncts can be employed in my invention the action and function of each of said vacuum tubes being identical, as has been heretofore explained.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that my invention, by reason of. dis pensing with relays, vacuum tubes intermediate the transmitter and receiver and the return circuits, possesses many elements of cheapness and advantage over the present systems of telephony now in vogue, since by dispensing with the intermediate relays and vacuum tubes, I am enabled first to have va direct connection between the transmitter and receiver; second, by dispensing with relays I eliminate the expense not only of thev first cost of the relays, but in addition, the expense in the maintenance of said relays both in electrical energy as well as the labor of maintenance which amounts to a very considerable item; third, by eliminating a return circuit l consequently save the expense of a double wire; and fourth I have found that the power required in my device is considerably less than the power required in the present methods vor systems of tele-phony now in vogue.

It will now'be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful telephone system', which embodies the features of advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description, and while I have, in the present instance, shown and described a preferred embodiment thereof which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that the same is .susceptible of modification in various particulars `'Without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. 4In a system for transmitting intelligence, a plurality of communicating stations, a single ungi'ounded line extending between said stations,"an energy transmitter at` lone of said stations, including a source of current variations, an energy transformer' between it and the line, comprising means including a resistance of the order of several megohms and connections by which all appreciable electric oscillations and current areexcluded, an energy receiver atthe other station connected to the line, and means to reproduce from the vreceived energy, current variations corresponding to those derived from said source.

2. In a system for transmitting intelligence, a plurality of, communicating stations, a single ungrounded line extending between saidv stations, an energy transmitter at one .of said stations including a telephone transmitter, and an energy trans former having a primary conductlvely connected to said transmitter and a plurality of secondary circuits completed independently of one another, two of which are formed with their half windings oppositely wound so as to neutralize electric effects induced therein, means to connect said transformer to the line through a resistance of the ordeiyf .six megohms, said means compri/singrconductors leading respectively to the junction points of the opposed halt' `windings, and a telephone receiver at the other station connected to the line by means to reproduce from the received energy current variations corresponding to those derived from the telephone transmitter.

3. In a device of the character stated, a transmitter, an energy transformer, having a primary conductively connected to said transmitter, and comprising a secondarjf,7 coil, -a vacuum tube havingtherein a platinum plate, a positive magnetic plate coated with silicon, a resistance coil, a filament and a-negative magnetic plate coated with galena, a line leading'from said secondary coil to said platinum plate and'said resistance coil, another line leading from saidsecondary coil to said silicon coated magnetic plate and a line leading from said tube from said galena coated magnetic plate.

4. In a device of the character stated` a transmitter, an energy transformer, having a primary conductively connected to said transmitter, andcomprising a secondary coil, a vacuum tube containing a platinum plate, a plate of magnetic material coated ift with silicon, a resistance coil, a filament, and another plate of magnetic material coateo with galeria, a line leading from said seccoil, a vacuum tube containing a resistance coil, a filament and a plurality of plates, two of which are composed of magnetic material. a connection from said secondary coil to said resistance coil and one of said plates, another connection from said secondary coil to one of said magnetic platcs,a line leading out from said tube from the other of said magnetic plates and means comprising a. resistance of the order of several megohms for excluding all appreciable electric oscillations and current from said last mentioned line.

6. In a device of the character stated, a transmitter, an energy transformer, having a primary conductively connected to said transmitter, and comprising a secondary coil, a vacuum tube containing a platinum plate, a magnetic plate coated with silicon, a resistance coil, a filament, and a magnetic plate coated with galeria, connections from said secondary coil and to said platinum plate and resistance coil and another connection from said secondary coil to said silicon coated plate, a line having a variable condenser therein common to said last mentioned connections from said secondary coil, a line leading from said galeria coated plate, and means for excluding all appreciable electrical oscillations and current from said last mentioned line.

7. In a system ofl the class described, a vacuum tube having therein a platinum plate, a silicon coated magnetic plate, a resistance coil, a filament and a galeria coated magnetic plate, in combination with a secondary coil, and connections therefrom to said platinum plate, said silicon coated magnetic plate and said resistance.

8. In a system of the class described, a vacuum tube having therein a platinum plate, a silicon coated magnetic plate, a resistance coil, a filament and a galeria coated magnetic plate, in combination with a secondary coil, connections therefrom to said platinum plate, said silicon coated magnetic plate and said resistance, and a line connected to said i'esistance, and having therein a crystal rectifier and a battery.

9. In a systemof the class described, a. .vacuum tube having therein a platinum plate, a silicon coated magnetic plate. a

resistance, a filament and a galena coated magnetic plate in combination with a secondary coil, connections therefrom to said platinum plate, said silicon coatedmagnetic plate. and said resistance, a line connectedI to said resistance and having therein a'crys-A tal recifier and a battery, and a switch in said last-mentioned line, whereby the crystal rectifier and battery can be used independently or simultaneously with the line leadinfr to said vacuum.

l0. In a systemof the class described an energy transformer comprising a secondar coil colnposed of a plurality of indepen ent coils and an intermediate coil, all of said coils bein@ composed of turns wound one half clockwise and the other half wound counterclockwise, and the terminals of each of said coils leading to a condenser.

11. In a systemv of the class described an energy transformer, comprisin a secondaryv independent coils each composed of turns,

half of which are wound clockwisel and the other half counter clockwise, and an intermediate coil similarly wound, the terminals of said plurality of coils composing said secondary coil leading to condensers, a vacuum tube and lines leading from points of said secondary coil to said vacuum tube, the latter containing a resistance coil, a filament and a plurality of plates two of which are of magnetic material.

13. In a system of the class described, an energy transformer, a transmission line leading from said energy transformer, a variable magnetic coil 71 to which said line leads, another variable magnetic coil 76, a line leading from coil 71 to coil 76, a vacuum tube, a platinum plate therein, a line 78 leading from said coil 76 to said platinum` plate, a resistance inv said vacuum, another variable magnetic coil 85, a line 84 leading therefrom to said resistance, av

silicon coated magnetic plate in said vacuum, a line leading from said line 78 to said silicon coated magnetic plate, a filament in said vacuum tube, a line 87 leadingr from said coil 85 to` said filament, a galena coated magnetic plate in said vacuum, and a line leading therefrom to a receiver.

14. In a system of the class described,

an energy transformer, a transmission line leading from said energy transformer, a

yvariable magneticcoil 71 to whichs'aid line leads, another variable magnetic coil 76, a

iso

line leading from coil--71 to coil 76, a vacuum, a line leading from said line 78 to said silicon coated magnetic plate, a filament in said vacuum tube, a line 87 leading from said coil 85 to said filament, a galena magnetic plate in said vacuum, a line leadin therefrom to a receiver and a line comme to said lines 78 and 87 with a resistance-fof several megohms therein forming a balancing means for said lines 78 and 87.

15. In a system of the .class described,

A an energy transformer, a transmission line 1a line leading from coil 71 to coil 76, a

leadin from said energy transformer, a variab e magnetic coil 71 to which said line leads, another variablemagnetic coil 76, a line leading from coil 71 to coil 76, a vacuum tube, a platinum plate therein, a line 78 leading from said coil 76 to said platinum plate, a resistance in said vacuum, another variable magnetic coil 85, a line 84 leading therefrom tosaid resistance, a silicon coated magnetic plate in said vacuum, a line leading from said line 78 to said silicon coated magnetic plate, a filament in vsaid vacuum tube, -a line 87 leading from said coil 85 to said filament, a galena'v coated magnetic plate in said vacuum, and a line leading therefrom to a receiver, in combi-V nation with' a line connected to said line 84 and having a crystal rectifier and a battery therein.

16. In a system ofthe class described, an energy transformer, a transmission line leading from said energy transformer, a variable magnetic coil 71 to which said line leads, another variable magnetic coil 76,

vacuum tube, a platinumplate therein, a line 78 leading from said coil 76 to said platinum plate, a resistance Ain said vacuum, another variable magnetic coil 85, a line 84 leading therefrom to said resistance, a silicon coated magnetic plate in said vacuum, a

line leading .from said line 78 to said silicon coated magnetic plate, a filament in said vacuum tube, a line 87 leading from said coil 85 to said filament, a galena coated magnetic plate in said vacuum, a line leading therefrom to a receiver, a line common to the lines 78 and 87 and having a resistance therein of substantially 12 megohms forming a balancing means for said lines-` 78 and 87, and a line connected to said line 84 and having a crystal rectifier and a battery therein. n

17. In a System of the class described, an energy transformer, a transmission line leading therefrom, a variable magnetic coil 71 connected to said line, another variable magnetic coil76, a line leading from coil 71 to coil 76, a vacuum tube, a platinum plate therein, aline 78 leading from said' said vacuum tube, a line leading from said line 78 to' said silicon coated magnetic plate and having a condenser therein1 agalena coated magnetic plate in said vacuum tube,

a receiver, a line leading from said filament and from said galena coated plate to said receiver and a line 1n said recelver circuit having a -variable condenser therein.

18. In a system of'thexclass described, an energy.- transformer, a transmission line 4leadlng therefrom, avariable magnetic coil 71 connected to said line, another variable .magnetic coil 7 6, a line leading 'from 'coil 71 to coil 76, a vacuum tube, a platinum plate therein, a line 78 leading from said coil 76 to sald platinum plate, a resistance insaid v vacuum tube another `variable magnetic coil 85, aline leading therefrom to -s`a1d resistance, a filament in said vacuum tube, a

' line 87 leading from said-coil 85 to said fila- 19. In a system of the class described, an 'energy transformer, a transmission line leading therefrom, a variable magnetic coil 71 connected to said line, another variable magnetic coil 76, aline leading from said coil 71 to said coil 76, a vacuum tube, a

platinum plate therein, a line 78 leading from said coil 76 to said platinum plate, a

resistance in said vacuum tube, another variable magnetic coil 85, a line leading therefrom-.to said resistance, a filament in said vacuum, a line 87 leading fromsaid coil 85 to said filament, a silicon coated magnetic plate in said vacuum tube, a line leading from said line`78 to said silicon coated magnetic plate and having a condenser therein, a galena coated magnetic plate in said vacuum tube, a receiver, a line leading from` said filament and from said galena coated plate to said receiver, a line in said re-V ceiver circuit having a variable condenser therein, a balancing line between the lines 78 and 87 and. provided With/af resistance of approximately 12 mego'hms, a condenser in `ter and receiver.'

23. In a system of the character stated, the

, said line84 and a line connected. with said line 84 on o posite sides of said condenser and rovide with a resistance of approxmately 2 megohms.

20. The combination of aprimary coil, a transmitter in series therewith, a secondary coil, the latter being composed of indetions and current.

21. ln a system of the character stated, means for transmitting and receiving intelligence through a single ungrounded metallic conductor, and means for excluding all appreciable electric oscillations and current from said conductor.

22. ln a system of the character stated, the combination of a telephone transmitter, a telephone receiver, a single un'ffrounded conductor common thereto, means For transmitting intelligence therebetween over said ungrounded conductor, and means for eX- cluding all 4appreciable electric oscillations and current from said single uiigrounded conductor intermediately vcombination of a telephone transmitter, a

telephone receiver, a single ungrounded line of said transmit- Meara@ common to said transmitter. and receiver, means 'for .transmitting intelligence over said line, and means including a resistance of the order of several megohms for 'exclud-v ing all appreciable electric oscillations and current from said single line.

4a. In a system of the character cri ed, an energy transformer, comprising i secondary coil, composed of `a plurality of, -independent coils and an intermediate coil,

all lof said coils being composed of turns wound one half clockwise and the other lialf counter clockwise, condensers for the terminals of keach of said coils, a, vacuurii tube, containing a platinum plate, a magnetic plate, a resistance coil, a filament and another magnetic plate in the order named,

lines leading from lsaid secondary'cil to said vacuum tube, a receiver, a lineleading from said tube to said receiver' and means for excluding from said latter line all appreciable electric oscillations and current.

25. In. a system of .the character described, an energy transformer, comprising a secondary coil, composed of a plurality ofindependent coils and an intermediate coil, all of said'coils being composed of turnsvk wound one half clockwise and the other half counter clockwise, condensers for the termi-y nals of each of said coils, a vacuum tube, containino la plurality of electrodes, lilies leading from said secondary coil to said 'vacuum tube, a receiver, a line leading from said tube to said receiver, and means for `excluding from said latter line all appreciable electric oscillations and current.

HILBERT L. F'ALK. litnesses: v E. HAYWARD FAiRBANKs,

C. D. MOVAY.

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