US1482868A - Eugene c - Google Patents

Description

Feb.A 5 1924.

1,482,868 E. c. RICHARD PISTON Filed March 29. 1922 {fia-mm' A Patented Feb. 5, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENTA OFFICE;

EUGENE C. RICHARD, OF FLINL,` MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL MOTORS CORPORA- TION, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OI" DELAWARE.

PISTON.

Application filed March 29, 1922.

To all whom t may concern.

Be it known that I, EUGENE C. RICHARD, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Flint, county of Genesee, and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pistons, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which the invention relates to make and use the same, reference being made therein to t-he accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to pistons such as are used in` single acting engines, air pumps, etc., and especially to pistonsl designed especially for use in internal combination englnes.

The object of my invention is to provide means associated with a piston for preventing sidewise -movement thereof wit-hin the cylinder in wfhich it operates, which is a phenomenon well known to automobile engineers and one commonly referredl to as piston slap and is characterized by pounding noises when the engine is in operation; the movement being due to complex variations in magnitude and direction of various forces acting upon the piston, particularly in an internal combustion engine, accentuated by the looseness of the piston within its cylinder necessary in internal combustion engine practice to avoiding seizing of the piston within the cylinder under the high temperature conditions present in such engines.

The drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification illustrates the preferred embodiment of my invention; although it will be appreciated that the invention may take other specific forms, and that the same includes all such variations and modifications of the particular embodiment thereof illustrated and hereinafter described as come within the scope of the concluding claims, wherein the distinguishing features wherein my invention consists are particularly pointed out.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary sectional view showing an engine cylinder with my improved pistion therein in elevation.

Figure 2 is a View showing a section of my improved piston upon alarger scale',

Serial No. 547,724.

and upon a longitudinal plane at rightangles to the piston pin and to the crank shaft of the engine.

Figure 3l is a view showing a section upon a transverse plane at right angles to the path of travel of the piston and located at the pist-on pin.

Figure 4- is a fragmentary sectional similar to Fig. 3 but showing a modilied form of my invention.

Referring now to the drawing, the reference numeral 4c designates an engine cylinder, 5 the crank shaft and 6 the connecting rod of the engine, all in a conventional manner; the upper end of the connecting rod being connected with the piston 7 through and by means of a transversely extending piston pin 8 shown as hollow and the ends of which are supported in bearings provided in the peripheral wall of the piston; all as is usual in internal combustion engine practice. The piston will be provided with the usual packing rings 9, as many as may be deemed necessary or desirable in each particular case.

The piston 7 is provided witha recess or groove 10 in its periphery or cylindrical portion and which groove extends circumferentially about' the piston, and is preferably so located that it extends across the openings in the piston wall in which the ends of the piston pin 8 are supported, and the numeral 1l designates a ring located Within the groove and which ringis split or divided as indicated at i2.

The peripheral wall or skirt of the piston is provided with a hole at 13 opening int-o the bottom of the groove, and which hole is .illustrated as arranged at approximately vninety degrees (900) to the axis of the piston pin and at one end of a diametrical line or dimension of the piston; and 14 designates a plunger the outer end of 'which abuts against the inner surface of the ring ll, andF which plunger is forced outward and against the ring by a spring carried by the piston-:the result being that the piston is forced bodily sidewise and in a direction substantially at right angles to the axis of the piston pin and against the interior of the cylinder diametrically opposite the plunger 14; as the cylinder wall adjacent the point of contact between the end of the plunger and the ring provides a Axed abutment view -lll

against which the spring acts, the piston as a Whole being free to move; and the same being in fam moved in the manner More said b the reaction of the spring acting throug the plunger and porton of the ring engaged by the free end thereof, against the cylinder wall which provides a fixed abutment or stop for the ring.

The spring aforesaid is preferably U- shaped as shown and comprises a middle portion l5 which is lixedly secured to the inner end of the plunger 14, and side portions 16 having large holes throuvh which the piston pin extends; and wliereby the spring and plunger are supported from the piston pin and from the hole in the piston wall throu h which the outer end of the plunger extends.

The action of the spring -to force the piston bodily in a direction at right angles to the axis of the piston pin will obviously occur in all cases wherein the spring is free to actagainst a relatively loose element carried b piston, and which element is presse a ainst the cylinder Wall by the spring andV for which element the cylinder wall rovides a fixed abutment; from which it fol ows that the ring or equivalent abutment member need not of necessity be split, and need not extend throughout the entire circumference of the piston; so long as the abutment member thus provided is loose relative to lthe iston so that 1t may be forced outward y the spring and against the adjacent inner wall of the cylinder.

The split ring shown, however, is preferable, as it may then be readily introduced into a groove in the iston and acts as a packing element in a dition to an element against Which the end of the plunger acts in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore explained. The location of the groove shown secures a construction in which the ring prevents the ends of the piston pin from coming into Contact with the interior of the cylinder and scoring the same which, While not in itself a new idea, is a feature of manifest advantage secured in my invention.

The spring member of my invention instead of beine 'flat as shown in Figures 2 and r3 may be inthe form of a coiled spring t7 extending through a hole 18 iu the cylinder and acting upon the inner surface of the abutment member 19; the inner end of the saidA spring acting `against a stirrup .20 simi lar in form to the U-shaped spring hereinbefore referred to and similarly supported within the iston, but which) need not `be resilient as t e sprinor action is provided by the said sprin ll'J which obviously acts against the mem er 19 Iin recisely the same mnner as the plungerll 1n the form of 'my invention first herein described.

Having :thus described and explained my a U-shaped spring member the sides of which are supported by said piston pin and the middle portion of which is operativelyy connected with said plunger.

2. In comblnation with a hollow piston having a transversely extendmg piston 1n,

a groove in its peripheral surface exten ing circumferentially thereof, and a hole aryA ranged substantially at right angles `to the axis of the piston pinand extending through the piston Wall and into the groove aforesaid; a lsplit ring located Within said groove; aplunger extending through said y hole and engaging the inner surface of said ring; and a spring member supported by said piston pin and operatively connected with said plunger and actin outvvar-dly against said ring throufrh sai plunger.

3. ln combination Wii vhaving a transversely extending piston in, a groove in its peripheral surface exten ing circumferentially thereof, and a` hole arranged substantially` at right angles toy the axis of the piston pin and extending through the piston Wall and into the groove aforesaid; asplit ring located within said groove; a plunger extending through said hole and engaging the'inner surface of said ring; and a spring member located within the piston and acting upon said plunger to force the same outwardly against said ring.

4. In combination with a 'hollow piston `having a transversely extending piston pin, a groove in its peripheral surface .extending circumferentially thereof, and a hole extend'- ing through `the `piston Wall and into the groove aforesaid; a ring located within said groove; and spring operated means located within the piston and acting against said piston pin and through said hole and against said ring. y

5. In combination with a hollow piston having a transversely extending piston pin, and a grooveI in .its peripheral surface; an abutment member 'located in said groove; and a spring located Within said iston and acting between said piston lpin andp said abuta hollow pistonL ment member to force said abutment against i `the interior of a cylinder in which the piston o erates the arrangement of the elements a' oresaid being such that pressure applied to said abutment member "by said Yspring reacts to force the piston bodily in a direction at right angles to the axis of said piston pin.

6. In combination with a hollow' piston having a transversely extending piston pin, and a-recess in its peripheral surface; an abutment member located in said recess; and a spring acting between said piston pin and said abutment member to force said abut-- ment against the interior of a cylinder in which the piston operates; the arrangement of the elements aforesaid being such that pressure applied to said abutment member reacts to force the piston bodily in a direction at right angles to the axis of said piston pin.

7. The combination with a hollow piston having a transversely extending piston pin, of means separate from the piston and locatn ed within the same, and carried by the piston pin, and acting against the wall of a cylinder in which the piston operates for forcing the piston bodily in a direction at right angles to the axis of the piston pin.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

EUGENE C. RICHARD.

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