US1465165A - Internal-combustion motor - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 14, 1923. 11,465,165

G. HALL-BULLOCK INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR Filed Jan. 14. 1922 2 S heets-Sheet 1 G. Had-5% 07L" Aug. 14, 1923. 1,465.1155

G. HALL-BULLOCK INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR Filed Jan. 14, 1.922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I Figfi.

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G, HM ZcZZZOC/Z e desirable, deno 40 Patented Au 14, 1923.

"UNITED STATES httitdt i GEORGE, HALL-BULLOCK, or. Lennon, ENGLAND, sssrenon 'ro nnrnun MARKS COULSON, or LoNnorI,,-ENeLAun. I

rNTEnNAL-ooMBUsrIoN Moron.

Applicationfiled January 14, 1922. Serial No. 529,308.

To all whom it may concern: 1. I

1 Be it known that I, GEORGE HALL-BUL- LOCK, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at. London, England, have invented certain new and useful Imrovements in Internal-Combustion Motors of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates torinternal combust'ionmotors, and is especially applicable to such motors as operate upon the two-stroke cycle I r I i The inventionhas for its object to provide animproved construction of. .motor which maybe manufactured at a low cost, and which may be, easily and expeditiously assembled either in single or multiple cylinder units as required. a

The invention consists "in the; improved internal combustion motor to be hereinafter described.

Referring now to the accompanying drawlngs, whichillustrate the invention and form part of this specification.

. Figures 1 and 2 show sectionalelevations at right angles to one another of an aircooled single cylinder two-stroke motor constructed according to the invention, while I A J Figure 3 shows a sectional planwith the piston removed, the section .being take n through the'line 8-3 onFigure 2.

Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional elevation of an air-cooled two-cylinder unit of the two-stroke type, constructed accord ing to the invention, while Figure 5' shows a plan of the motor unit sl ownin Figure 4:. v

In the drawings similar parts are, when ted by the same reference numerals] f "In carrying the invention into effect, according to one form, and as applied by way of example to an air-cooled two-stroke motor having a single cylinder, the cylinder 1, Fig ures 1, 2 and 3, crank case, 2, and crank shaft bearingsupports 3, are formed, integrally with one another, as a single casting,

V or built up as a unit.

The. cylinder is provided with radiating fins'or flanges -t,"in thepresent' example, but a suitablewater-jacket and passages may be provided instead ofthe fins when a water I cooledcylinder is desired.

Admission, exhaust and transfer ports 5,

6 and 7, respectively, in Figures 2 and 3, of the usual type, areformed in the cylinder 1, and are adapted to be'opened and closed in their proper sequence by the piston 8.

The admission and exhaust ports are pro vided with short external pipes 9 and 10 respectively, cast integrally with the cylinder 1, the overall length of the pipes being the same asthe overall length of the unit; The exhaust pipe is provided with radiating finslO i Within the exhaust pipe 10, a tube 11, Fig ures 2' and 3, is disposed the "tube being threaded at one end ofthe pipe, and provided with a shoulder 13,- at the other end thereof.

The tube is formed with a hole 14, opposite to the exhaust duct 6, and is clamped in position by the screwed cap 15; a similar tube 16 is provided for the induction pipe 9.

In the bottom of the crank case 2, a threadedhole is formed for the introduction of the piston and its associated parts and is adaptedfto be closed-by a correspondingly threaded cover 17, so as to form a pressuretight joint.

The crank case 2, as is usual in two-stroke motors, forms a compression chamber for the charge.

Bushings 18, for the crank shaft are disposed in the supports 3, which are arranged at right angles to theanis of the cylinder as shown. Each of the end faces of the crank case 2 are provided with an annular extension 19, which co-acts with the flange 20 of the dished cover plate 21. The plates/31 are provided with a support 22 for the crank shaft bushings or bearings 18, and form an annular lubricating chamber 23, round the crank shaft bushes or bearings at eachend of the crank case.

The crank case 2 is formed with double walls on its peripheral portions, the space as between the walls forming a chamber which acts as a reservoir for lubricant and which may be connected to the annular lubricating chambers 23, by pipes or ducts for'leading the lubricant thereto. 5'

In the space 2 1 between the double walls ofthe crank case, four solid web portions 25 are formed, the web portions being bored to accommodate through-going bolts 26, which clamp the cover plates 21 firmly to the crank case 2:

The crank webs 28 with their balance weights 29, and crank pin 30, connecting rod 31, gudgeon pin 32, and piston 8, are of the usual type and are assembled as a unit. The crank webs 28 may either be formed integrally with the crank pin 30 as shown, or they may be built up therewith by anycf the usual methods.

The crank webs 28 are formed with tap'ered holes for the reception of the correspondingly formed portions of the driving shaft members 33, which. are reduced at both ends. On their inner ends, nuts 34; are provided for'rigidly securing the-crank webs and driving shaft members together.

Instead of the above arrangement, the engaging'portions of the crank web and driving'shaft members. maybe formed parallel, keys, pegs or other suitable means being provided for transmitting the driving forces. V

The right-hand driving shaft member 33, has a flywheel 35 secured thereon, as shown by means of a nut 36,,having a cylindrical extension which serves as a support for the clutch. The drive to the transmission gear is taken from the inner'periphery of the flywheel 35. The left-hand driving shaft member 33 has a pulley 37 carrying a sprocket wheel 38, secured thereon, by means of the nut 3% the pulley and sprocket wheel being adapted to drive a cooling fan and a magneto respectively, or it may be any of the other auxiliary mechanism of the motor.

In order to assemble the motor; thev piston 8, connecting rod 31, crank pin30 and crank webs 28 in theasscmbledcondition are introduced into the cylinder-crank case unit through the hole inv the crank case, the cap 17- having previously been removed therefrom. The driving shaft members 33, are

then pushed through their bushes 18, from opposite ends of the crank case, so that their tapered portions enter the holes in the crank webs 28. The nuts 34 are then screwed on the reduced ends of the members 33 to secure the parts of the crank shaft rigidly to one another, after which the cap 17 may be re placed.

The cover plates 21 are then slipped over the ends of the crank shaft bushings or bearings 18, and on tightening up the nuts on the through-going bolts 26, the assembly of the motor unit is completed by attaching the flywheel, pulley and sprocket wheel.

The lubrication may be effected by means of loose rings 39 which dip into the oil in the annular lubricatingvchambers 2-3,.at one portion of their circumference while at another portion they contact with the driving shaft members-of the crank shaft through an aperture 4:0 in the bearings-or bushes 18. The oil is then led along the crank shaft in both directions by screw-like channels ll, the inward flow of lubricant beingrdistributedcentrifuga'lly to the: moving parts inithe' crank case, while the outward flow is caught by casing i2 on the flywheel 35 and sprocket wheel 38, and returned to the chambers 23 by ducts 4:8. As an alternative to the above system, pressure-feed or other system of lubrication may be adopted.

11 Figures '41. and 5 a twin cylinder motor is shown, constructed in accordance with the invention. 7 1

In this arrangement the cylinder crank case units are formed as above described, eX- cept that only two endcover plates 21 are necessary, as the intermediate annular extensions 19 on the unit, abut against one another to form an intermediate lubricating chamber 41-4. One of the cylinder-crankcase units hastwo crankshaft bushings or bearings 18, fixed therein, one of which serves as a bush or bearing for the intermediatedriving shaft member 45, and also acts as aregister in assembling the other unit thereto. The intermediate driving shaft member 45,

of the crank shaft, is provided at each end withnuts 46 for assembling it with the ad joining crank webs 28. The end driving shaft members 38 may be formed as previously described, in the single cylinder arrangement.

In assembling the units the outer driving shaft members are attached to the crank webs of their respective units; One end of the intermediatev driving shaft member is then attached'tothe unit having bothlbushings or bearings secured thereto, and the other. unit assembled therewith, by sliding its bearing support over the intermediate busher bearing projecting from the first unit. The other end of the.intermediateshaft memher is then attached to the crank web of th'e second unit.

The two-oylinder-crankcase units and the two end cover 'platesfil are clampedtogcther by one set of through-going bolts 2-6. The short eirhaustpipes 10 Figure 5, on the cylinder units so assembled are jointed up to one another and clamped firmly between the shoulder '13 and cap 15 onthe'tube 11, an arrangement which, with a similararrangcment for the induction pipes, imparts additional rigidity to the assembled units.

The open end of the exhaust tube ii in both the arrangements above described, may

be connected to thesilencer, similarly, the

open end of the "-inductiontube maybe at tacli d tothe carburetter.

In some cases tubular driving. 'shaft'memhere may be used and when such are used in multi-cylinder motor units flanged screws are provided on the .ends attached. to the crank webs so as to preserve the isolation of the crank case chambers. p V

Aseah cylinder unitis-balanced in itself assembly being similar to the twin cylinder bolts, the induction and exhaust tubeswhich vary in length according to the number of cylinder crank-case unitswhlch are assembled together. The intermediate driving shaft members are interchangeable with one another, and also withthe end jdriving' shaft members; 1 w

By means of theinvention it will be seen that single cylinder or multicylinder units maybe manufactured at a verylow cost,

and in a very expeditious manner.

, Although the invention has been described as applied by way of example to a two-stroke motor, its use is not confined to such applica-z tion as it mayreadily be adapted to four stroke motors.

Further it may be applied to arrangements of motors in which thexcylinders are disposed in V, Y,radial or other formation.

It is to be understood that the above examples ofthe invention are simply to be regarded as typical only, and notas in any way restricting theinvention to the exam ples described, as modifications may'be made in these examples, without departing beyond the scope of the invention.

' Iclaim: 1. An internal combustion engine, including a plurality of cylinder units'having' interfitting end portions and adapted to beassembled in an engine unit, caps adapted to cover the freeends of the cylinder units at the ends of theengine unit, and means extending through all the cylinder units and the caps-for securing said capsand units in engine formingrelation: V

. 2.1 m internal combustionengine, 1ncluding a plurality of cylinder units having the cylinder, crank case, intake and exhaust manifolds formedintegral, thecrank case,

intake andiexhaustmanifolds thereof being I formed for interfitting relation with therespective parts of the adjacent cylinder units and togetherform an engine unit, a cap for the crankcase at each end of the engine unit," means extending'through the crank. case portions of the cylinder units and the caps for holding saidunits in en.

gine forming position, and means extend ing through the 'intakeand exhaust man1-.

fold portions for additionallysecuring the units together. '1 Y T 3. Aninternalcombus'tion engine, includingla plurality of cylinder. unitsihaving the cylinder, crank case, intake and exhaust manifolds formed integral, the crank case,

intake and exhaust manifolds thereof being formed for interfitting relation with the respective parts of theadjacent cylinder units and together form an engine un1t, a cap! 7 for the crank case at each end of the engine having a passage communicating with the cylinder, said crank case, intake and exhaust manifolds being formed for interfitting relation with the respective parts of adjacent cylinder units and assembled to form an engine unit, means extending through the units to secure them inengine forming relation, a sleeve extending through the exhaust manifolds, and another sleeve extending through the intake manifolds of the cylinder units forming the engine unit, each sleeve being formed with ports registering with the respective ports in the manifolds 'ofthe cylinder units, 'so that the interior of the sleeves form the exhaust and intake passages respectively of the engine unit, and means carried by the sleeves at the ends of the engine unit for additionally securing the cylinder units together.

' 5. An internal combustion engine, includ ing a plurality of cylinder units assembled to form an engine unit, each unit having the cylinder and crank case formed integral and the ends of the crank case formed to register with the corresponding ends of the crank cases of adjoining units, the crank case of each unit being-formed with partition walls spaced from the ends thereof and from each other to provide a'central compartment for 1 crank shaft bearings mounted in said partition walls, crank shafts rotatable in said bearings, and means whereby lubricant contained in'said lubricating compartments is constantly fed to sa d crank shafts.

6. An'lnternalcombustion engine, including a plurality; of cylinder units having the crankcase of 'each unit formed ateach end to register with the corresponding ends of the crank. cases of adjacent units, the crank case of each unit being also formed with I partition walls spaced from each other'and the ends of the unit to $013111 a central housitor the movable parts oi the cylinder unit, and "the outer ends being open and adapted to form a lubricating, chamber with the" open. ends of adjacent cylinder units, and means for assembling the units in engine tonning relatlon. v

7. Aninterna'l combustion engine, 1nclud ing a. plurality of cylinder units having the crank case of each unit iorined at each end to register with the corresponding ends of the crank cases of adjacent units, the crank case of each unit being also formed with partition walls spaced from each other and the ends of the unit to form a central housing for the movable carts of the cylinder unit, and the. outer ends being. open and adapted to form a lubricating chainberv with the. open ends of adjacent cylinder units,

the. crank case of each unitv being. further tormed at the sides thereof. with doublewalls, the space between the. walls opening into the lubricating chambers thereof, :and

means for assembling. the units in engine forming relation.

:8. An internalv combustioncngine, includ ing; a plurality of cylinder uni-ts having the crank case of each unit termed at each end to register with the corresponding ends of e unit, and the outer ends being open and adapted'to fornralubricating chamber wit l the. open. ends of adjacent cylinder units, saidcylinder units being assembled to for-n1 an engine unit, caps for covering-the open ends of the crank case at. the ends of theiengins unit, means extending through. the caps and cylinder units for holding them in en ine forming relation, and means formed on the cylinder units for supporting said unitsand the engine-unit.

9. An internal combustion engine, including a plurality of cylinder units, each unit having a crank case formed sothat the end portions thereof are adapted :to register with: corresponding end portions on. adjacent units, partition. walls formednin. the crank case, said walls haying'aligned openings, a crank shaft hearing mounted in. the opening in one wall of one unit and projecting beyond the end. of the crank case of the. unit,

the projecting end oi? the'bearing fitting-i11 theopening in the wallet the adjacent cylinder unit, whereby theib'earing'torms.aineans OfEBIltBllng flCbj21061113. cylinder unitsin forming an engine unit, and means: itoi: securing the units in assembled engine forming post.- tion. 7 a V 10; .Aninternal comhustion:enginegincluding a plurality of eylinderi units. adapted to beassembled'miengine'formingrclatim, each tion wall in thecrank case of one unit adapted to cooperate with an adjacent partition-in the 'ad olninguint for relatively positioning one cyllnder unit with respect to the other,

and means for securing the cylinder units in r enginetorniing relation. V

7 '11. An internal combustion engine, including a plurality of cylinder units adapted for interfi-tting relation to form an engine unit, said cylinder unitsbeing formed with intake and exhaust casings also adaptedto register with the respective parts :of adjacent units, and-means extending through the aligned casings of the eng'ne'unit and cooperating therewith. to form an. intake and exhaust manifold andv for securing the cylinder units together. i V Y 12. Aninternal 'coinbustiQ engine, including a plurality of cylinder units adapted for interfitting relation to form an .engineunit, each cylinder unit having an inlet and ex haust casing formed therewith and registering with the corresponding parts of adjacent units, and a' sleeve for each of the aligned casings, each sleeve extending throughout all theunits in the respective casing and cooperating therewith to form an intake and exhaust manifold.

13. An internal combustion engine,.includ.- ing a plurality of cylinder units haying interfitting end portions and adapted for assemblage to form an engine unit, and means extending through all the cylinder units for securing said units inengine forming relation. y i

14. An internal combustion engine, includhig a plurality of' cylinder units having interfitting end portions and inlet and exhaust casings adapted tobe assembled in an engine unit, the inlet and exhaust casings of all the units being in respective alignment, means extending through all the cylinder units for securing the units together, and additional means'extending through "the intake and exhaust casings for-securingsaid units together andcooperating respectively with the intake and exhaust casings to fGlHl'lllitIllfOldS.

An internal combustion engine having endwalls, bearings mounted in the end walls and projecting therefrom, flanges projecting outwardly trointhe end walls,a crank shaft .niounted in the bearings and caps fitting over.

theiflanges. and provided with openings to receive theprojecting portions :of the" bean ings,.said.caps and end walls between the flanges loaning lubricant chambers sur rounding. said lo e'ariiigs'.

16 An internal combustion engine having end walls; bearings mounted in the end walls and projecting"therefrom, flanges projecting outwardly from the end Walls, a crankshaft mounted in the bearings and caps fitting over the flanges and provided with openings to receive the projecting portions of the bearings,

and means common to the caps and the en-.

gine for securing said caps and engine together.

17. An internal combustion engine, including a plurality of cylinder units adapted for interfitting relation to form an engine unit, each cylinder unit being formed with a cas ing adapted to register With similar casings on adjacent units, and means extending through aligned casings to forma manifold and for ecuring the cylinder units together.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

' GEORGE HALL-BULLOCK.

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