US1462504A - Vaporizer - Google Patents

Description

- F. V.HADLEY ET AL vVAPORI'ZER Filed May 25. 1921 M m @L o. mw vvmvmmnm @www www Mm. n wm ,kan 1: f? @N bm. Nm H mg M,

Inven'ors'.

Patented `luly 24, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE.

FREDERICK V. HADLEY, OF NEEDHAM, STANLEY BARNABY, OF AUBURNDALE, AND TOI-IN 0. CLARKE, OF FOREST HILLS, MASSACHUSETTS.

VAPORIZER.

Application filed May 23, 1921.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that we, F nnDEniCK V. HAI LEY, STANLEY BARNABY, and Jol-IN O.` CLARKE, all citizens of the United States, residents of Needham, county of` Norfolk, of Auburndale, county of Middlesex, and of- Forest Hills, county of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, respectively, have invented an Improvement in Vaporizers, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a specification, like characters on the drawing repre senting like parts.

This invention relates to improvements in vaporizing apparatus and particularly to improvements in that type of apparatus in which the liquid is delivered into the path of a gaseous fluid under pressure, such as steam or air, by means of which it is atomized and mixed with the gaseous fluid under pressure.

In usual types of vaporizers or atomizers of this character the action of the gaseous fluid under pressure serves to break up the liquid into relatively small globules which are carried along with the gaseous fluid under pressure, but are not so finely broken up and intermingled therewith as to produce approximate or complete vaporizatiou.

The object of the present invention is to provide means for more thoroughly atomizing the liquid and intermingling the same with the gaseous Huid under pressure to produce a homogeneous vapor which may be either wholly invisible or in the form of a fog which after escaping from the vaporizer will soon disappear without precipitation.

The particular embodiment of the invention is disclosed herein as applied to a burner for oils and itsobject is to provide a device for so thoroughly atomizing the oil and mixing it with a gaseous fluid under pressure, such as steam or air, as to produce a homogeneous mixture which will readily combine with the oxygen of the air to produce complete combustion.

A further objectof the invention is to provide a mixing device which may be applied to a usual form of burner head and which will produce thorough atomization or vaporization of the fuel and a homogeneous Serial No. 472,019.

mixture thereof with the 0faseous fluid under pressure.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel type of head comprising a settling chamber for the oil from which sediment may be readily removed.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel type of head of the character described in which a regulated amount of the gaseous fluid under pressure may be introduced into the liquid to increase the pressure and velocity with which the vapour is delivered from said head.

Other objects and features of the invention will more fully appear from the following description and the annexed drawings and will be pointed out in the accompanying claims.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated herein as applied to an oil burner head, in which,

Fig. l is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of an oil burner head, the conduits leading therefrom to a mixing chamber from which the atomized or vaporized fuel is delivered through a suitable nozzle:

Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view on line 2 2, Fig. l; and,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view on line 3 3, Fig. l, viewed from the left toward the right.

As illustrated in the drawing the head comprises a casing l. preferably of cast metal such as brass, having acompartment 2 to receive a gaseous fluid under pressure which may be introduced into it through an inlet pipe 3 having screw threaded connection with a boss il on the casing. The casing desira-bly also is provided with a boss 5 diametrically opposite to the boss 4 into which is screwed a conduit- G through which the gaseous fiuid under pressure flows from the chamber 2.

The casing desirably is provided with an upwardly extending boss 7 which receives a liquid in a'pipe 8. A central tubular conduit 9, formed within and integral with the casing, provides an extension of the inlet pipe 8 and extends nearly to the bottom of a `downwardly projecting well 10 which constitutes a settling tank for the liquid. A pipe 11, extending downwardly from the gli lower end of the well 10 and provided with a valve 12, provides means for drawing oft sediment and residue which accumulate in the bottom of the settling tank. y

The liquid is delivered from these'ttling tank through a. port 13 which communicates with a conduit ldwhich preferably extends axially of and concentric with the conduit 6. It is some times desirable, as l'or example, when cold oil is to be vaporized tov provide means for introducing' fluid under pressure directly into the liquid which is delivered from the head and thisis accomplished by providing;` an aperture in the wall of the port 13 with a suitable valve for controlling the flow of gaseous fluid under pressure into said port. Furthermore, the ,easeous fluid under pressure may be introduced through this aperture forthe purpose 'of blowing' out the settling` chamber vand also for the purpose of cleaning` the Vconduit 11i and the ports through which the liquid is delivered therefrom. f f

In the construction rillustrated particularly 'ui Fig; 2 the wallol the port 13 is provided with an aperturev 15, the'eft'ective area ol' which is regulated by a` needle valve 16 which is adjustably mounted in a boss 17 extending' out iardly from the casing. A suitable packing 18 and a' cap 19` provides a `gland which will prevent thefescape of the fluid under pressure. j

The stem ofthe valve lmay be provided withA an angular end portion QO'to receive a wrench `or hand wheel by means of which the valve may be easily adjusted. Afsuitable nozzle may be connected di rectly to the ends olE the conduits'G and 14. ln usual types of vaporizers nozzles have beenl connected to the ends of' conduits corresponding in function to the conduits and 14:. "The present invention(- however, comprises the production of a novel type of distributor' for the liquid and the gaseous fluid under jn'essure which is designed to produce a more effective atomization and mining3 'of the ato'rnized liquid and the "gaseous fluid, and further comprises mixing chamber or a plurality of mining chambers so constructv ed' and acting` as to cause 'a minute atomization oryaporization oit the liquid and a' thorough and homogeneous 'interming'lingr thereof with the gaseous fluid under pressure and finally delivering the mixture either directly or through a suitable nozzle. V

As before stated, one of the objects of the inventionis to provide means for more effectively atomizing vand comminglingthe liquid with the gaseous fluid under pressure as it emerges from the 'conduits ywhich lead from the head. In the present"Construction a. special type of distributor is provided which comprises a cylindrical block or' plug 21 of very sli ghtly less diameter'than the interior diameter ofthe gaseous fluid conduit 6 leaving an annular recess 22 between its periphery and the interior wall of the conduit 6. The distributor 21 is also provided upon its periphery with a series of longitudinally extendingl channels'or jet-producing apertures 23 for the gaseous fluid under pressure. y y

j .The distributor 21 is provided with a central cylindrical recess 211, the wall of the front end of which is provided with a screw threaded section 25 adapted to engage complementary screw threads upon the end of the oil conduit 14. A, series of preferably radial ports 26 lead from this recess into-the path of the peripheral jet apertures. `Preferably the inner walls of the jet apertures beyond the ports 2G are cut more deeply to provide channels 27 to accommodatevv the liquidarrying `(,aseous jetswhich issue from the end 'ofthe conduit (5. The nozzle thus constructed alone will provide an eicient atomizer, but will not so thoroughly atomize and vaporize the liquid as Vto produce a strictly homogeneous mixture; Means, therefore, have beenV provided for more completely breaking` up the globules of liquid and 'mixing' them `more thoroughly with the `gaseous fluid under pressurej- Y This is accomplished inthe present invention by providing,` one ormore mixing chambersv having" abutments or baffles against which the liquid-carrying 'gaseous jets impinge thus serving' to break up the globules of liquid more `finely and by causing;v an eddying'or whirlingvof the gaseous jet within the mixing' chamber to more thoroughly commingle the atomized liquid with the Lgaseous fluid. lnthe preferred construction a casing'QS, which is connected to the end of the conduit 6 by a screw threaded union 29, is provided with oneo'r more mixingchambers having' abutments or baffles ofthe character described. As illustrated herein the casing 28 is provided with a primary mining chamber 8O which is considerably lara-er in diameter than that of the conduit 6. Intermediate of itsendsv it is providedwith an abutment 31 'which preferably is made integral with the casing' and connected thereto by two or more integral webs 32.1tliusleav# ing a peripheral outlet 33 from then'iixin'g chamber. The abutment BO vdesirably is provided with aconical socket 34;' which receives the end of an extension 35 of the distributor 21, the distributor thus being); supported in axial relation to the lconduit G lso that the space between the periphery of the distributor and the inner wall of t-heconduit 'will provide an 'annular' passage through which a cylindricalenvelope of `gaseous fluid under pressure will be projectedlv into-the mixing chamber Iwhich will enclose the liquid-carryinn-` gaseous jets. l

"The abutment 31 desirably is provided with an annulanconcave face The jets of liquid-carrying gaseous fluid preferably irnpinge upon the central or outer portion of'this channeland the directions of the jets are reversedthereby in such a manner as to cause a rapid eddying in the mixing chamber. Any globules of liquid Which are projected against the abutment Will be broken up and the cyclonic eddying produced by the rapid reversal of the current also serves to break up the globules of liquid and to cause a thorough intermingling of the same With the gaseous fluid. The miX- ture thus produced issues through the channel 33 into an extension 37 of the mixing chamber. The walls 38 of this extension converge into a relatively small outlet 39 having outwardly tapering Walls40 leading-to a secondary mixing chamber 41. The passage from the extension 37 of the primary mixing chamber to the secondary mixing chamber 4l is so constructed as greatly tol increase the velocity of 'the mixture, the Walls 40 being formed to produce an action somewhat similar to that of a Venturi tube. The mixture issuing from thispassage at a high velocity impinges upon an abutment 43 Which serves further to break up any globules of liquid and to thoroughly and completely commingle the same u'itlrthe gaseous fluid.

The abutment 43 desirably is made integral with the casing 28 and is connected thereto by narrow Webs 44. The mixture issues from `the chamber 4l through passages 45 into an extension 46 of the secondary mixing chamber -from which it may beled through a suitable tube 47 to a noz- '/ile 48 of any usual type provided with suitable discharge ports 49.

, In the operation of the device, therefore, thelliquid is first introduced through the inlet pipe S into the 'setting tank l() from AWhichit is conducted through the central conduit 14 and the chamber 24 of the distributor 2l. to the ports 26. The steam or air under pressure is' introduced through ther-inlet pipe 3 and passes .through the chamber' 2 into the conduit 6 which surrounds the liquid conduit 14. A port-ion ofthegaseous fluid then passes through the channels or jet-producing apertures 28 and impinges upon the liquid issuing from the ports 26. Another portion of the gaseous flu-id' under pressure passes through the annular recess between the periphery of the distributor` and the inner Wall of the conduit 26, thus Aproviding a substantially cylindrical or conoidal envelope which encloses the liquid-carrying jets Which emerge from the deeper channel 23 of the distributor.'. The liquid-carrying' gaseous jet impinges upon the concave annular Wall 36 ofthe abutment 3l, which. as before described, causes a Cyclonic eddying mixture, Whilethe outer envelope desirably strikes upon the knife-like edge of the abutment at the periphery of the concave channel 36. Thus a portion of said envelope is directed toward the center of the mixing' chamber, While a portion thereof tends to pass directly along to the channel 33. This action causes the liquid to be broken up finely and thoroughly intermingled With the gaseous fluid under pressure and then forced through the channel 33 in 'to the extension 37 of the mixing chamber which it enters at a reduced pressure. The mixture then flows through the passage leading to the secondary chamber which, by reason of its construction, causes `a considerable increase in.

velocity of the mixture. After entering the secondary chamber 4l the mixture is projected against the abutment 43 which aga-in causes the mii-:ture to eddy and whirl so that by the time it passes through the j channel 45 into the extension 46 of the secondary chamber it is most thoroughly atomized or vaporized and issues from the ports 49 of the nozzle 48 in the form of a fog or an invisible vapor dependent upon the liquid by proper manipulation of the needle valve 16.

Any sediment which may accumulate during 'the continued use of the vaporizer may be drawn off by shutting off the supply of liquid and opening the valve l2 in the delivery pipe l1. By then opening the valve 1G the sediment in ay be blown out and the settling chamber thoroughly cleaned.

It ivill be understood that the particular embodiment of the invention disclosed herein is illustrative and not restrictive and that various changes in form, construction and arrangement of parts may be made Within the spirit and .scope of the following claims. lit will also be understoof'l that While the invention is particularly adapted for vaporizing refined or crude fuel oils it may be employed for the purpose of vaporizing other liquids Within the spirit and scopel of the following claims.

Having thus described our invention. what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. A vapori-eer comprising` a casing having a mixing chamber therein, means for in troducina` an annular series of jets of gaseous fluid under pressure into said chamber, means for delivering liquid in the paths of the respective jets. an abutment having an annular concave deflecting surface in the paths of said liquid-carrying jets acting to cause an eddying thereof in said mining chamber whereby the liquid Will be thoroughly atomized and mixed With said gaseous fluid and peripheral outlets in the end wall of said chamber for delivering the mixture.

2. A vaporizer comprising a casing having a mixing chamber therein, means for introducing an annular series of ets of gaseous fluid under pressure into said chamber,` means for delivering liquid radially into the paths of said jets, an abutment having a concave annular surface in the path of said liquid-carrying gaseous jets acting to reverse the direction of said jets and to cause an eddying thereof in said mixing chamber whereby the liquid will be thoroughly atomized andinixed with said gaseous fluid and means for delivering the mixture.

3. A raporizer comprising a casing having a mixingl chamber therein, means for introducing into said chamber a cylindrical annular' series of jets of gaseous fluid under pressure, means for producing an envelope of gaseous fluid under pressure surrounding said jets and means for delivering liquid radially outwardly to said jets.

f t. A vaporizer comprising a casing having a. mixing chamber therein, means for introducing into said chamber an annular series of jets 0f gaseous fluid under pressure, means for producing an envelope of gaseous fluid under pressure surrounding said jets,

- means. for delivering liquid radially outwardly to said jets, un abutment having an annular concave surface in thepaths of said jets acting to reverse the direction of said liquid-carrying jets and to cause an eddying thereof in said mixing chamber and means for delivering` the mixture from said mixing chamber.

5i A vaporizer comprising a casing having a mixing chamber therein, means for introducing into said chamber an annular series of jets of gaseous fluid under pressure, means for producing an envelope of gaseous fluid under pressure surrounding said jets, means for delivering liquid radially outwardly to said jets, an abutment having an annular concave surface in the paths of said jets acting to reverse the direction of said liquid-carrying jets and to cause an eddying thereof in said mixing chamber, and a series of peripheral ports surrounding said abutment for delivering the mixture from said mixing chamber.

6. A vaporizer comprising a casing having a mixing chamber therein, means'for introducing an annular series of jets of gaseous fluid under pressure into said chamber, means for delivering liquid radially outwardly into the paths of said jets, an abutment having an annular concave deflecting surface in the path of said liquid-carrying gaseous Ajets and means for increasing the velocity of the mixture delivered from said mixing chamber.

7; A vaporizer comprising a casing having a mixing chamber therein, means for introducing an annular series of jets of gaseous fluid under pressure into said chamber, means for delivering liquid radially outwardly into the paths of said jets, an abutment having an annular' concave deflecting surface in the path of said liquid-carrying gaseous jets and means for increasing the velocity of the mixture delivered from said mixing chamber comprising a relatively constricted port having an outwardly diverging conoidal wall. v Y

8. A vaporizer comprising a casing having a primary and a secondary mixing chamber therein, means for introducing an annular series of jets of gaseous fluid under pressure into said primary chamber, means for delivering liquid radially outwardly into the into said primary chamber, means fordelivering liquid radially outwardly into the paths of said jets, an abutment having an annular concave deflecting surface in the paths of said liquid-carrying gaseous jets acting to cause an eddying thereof in said primary mixing chamber, a restricted conduit having an outwardly diverging conoidal wall leading to said secondary chamber acting to increase the velocity of said mixture, an abutment in said secondary chamber in the path of said mixture acting to cause the same to eddy insaid secondary chamber and means for delivering the mixture around the periphery of said abutment.

l0. A vaporizer comprising a head having a chamber' for a gaseous fluid under pressure and a liquid-containing chamber providing a settling chamber, an inlet pipe for the liquid extending well into said settling chamber, a conduit leading from ysaid gaseous fluid chamber and a liquid delivery conduit located concentrically thereof leading` from said liquid-containing chamber and means operablel to draw ofi:l sediment froml` said liquid-containing chamber. Y

ll. Avaporizer comprising a head hav-K ing a chamber for a gaseous fluid under pressure and a liquid-containing chamber therebeneath, a. conduitleading from said gaseous fluid chamber and a liquid delivery conduit located concentrically thereoffleading from the liquid-containing chamber, a port leading from said gaseous Huid conduit into said liquid delivery conduit for introducing gaseous fluid under pressure into said liquid conduit.

l2. A vaporizer comprising a head having a chamber for a gaseous fluid under pressure and a liquid-containing chamber therebeneath, a conduit leading from said gaseous fluid chamber and a liquid delivery conduit located concentrically thereof leading from the liquid-containing chamber, a port leading from said gaseous iiuid conduit into said liquid delivery conduit for introducing gaseous fluid under pressure into said liquid conduit and a needle valve in said port operable to control or shut off the amount of gaseous fluid delivered into the liquid delivery conduit.

13. A vaporizer comprising a head having a chamber for a gaseous liuid under pressure and a liquid-containing chamber, a conduit leading from said gaseous fluid Chamber and a conduit located concentrically thereoi' leading from said liquid-containing chamber, a distributor secured to said liquid conduit having radially extending ports and looselyitting Within the conduit for said gaseous Huid under pressure and provided with longitudinally extending grooves providing jet apertures in co-operative relation to said ports whereby the discharge oi said Huid under pressure through said jet apertures will atomize the liquid and the space between said distributor and the Wall oi the conduit will produce an enclosing envelope oi said gaseous fluid.

14C. A vaporizer comprising a head having a chamber for a gaseous fluid under pressure and a liquid-containing chamber, a conduit leading from said gaseous iluid chamber and a conduit located concentrically thereof leading from said liquid-containing chamber, a distributor secured to said liquid conduit having radially extending ports and provided With peripheral jet-producing recesses co-operating With said ports, a casing secured to said gaseous fluid conduit provided with a mixing chamber and an abutment in said mixing chamber located in the paths of the liquid carrying gaseous jets acting to reverse the direction oi said ets and to cause eddying of the mixture in said chamber.

In testimony whereof, We have signed our names to this specification.

FREDERICK V. HADLEY.

STANLEY BARNABY.

JOHN O. CLARKE.

Certificate of Correction..

It is hereby certied that in Letters Patent No. 1,462,504, granted July 24, 1923, upon the application of Frederick V. Hadley, of Needham, Stanley Barnaby, of Auburndale, and John O. Clarke, of Forest Hills, Massachusetts, for an improvement in Vaporizers, errors appear in the printed specication requiring` correction as follows: Page 4, line 19, claim 3, strike out the Words a cylindrical and insert the Word an, and line 2l, strike out the Word an and insert the Words a, cylindrical; and that the said .letters Patent should be read With these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the Case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 9th da)v ot October, A. D.` 1923.

[smh] WM. A. KINNAN,

Acting Commissioner of Patents;

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