US1456823A - Gas range - Google Patents

Description

May 29, 1923.

H. w. oDowD GAS RANGE l Filed Aug 24 May 29, 1923. 1,456,823

H. W. O'DOWD GAS RANGE I Filed Aug. l,24 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 l f A LY IIIl L 2d Iuizll l o 6 /NVENTOR 4 By flu? wwc, 1E l ATTORNEY i May 29, 1 923.

H. W. ODOWD GAS RANGE Filed Aug. 24. 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 F1 30 line 'l-B of Fig. 1;

Patentes y 29, i923.

HENRY-w. onow1;\,'or JERSEY CITY, NEW mnsEmnssIGNoR 'ro WILLIAM 1a. CRANE comm, A coBronA'rIoNoF NEW Yoax.

das RANGE.

To all fwom t mayconcem:

Be it known that I, HENRY W. ODown, a citizen of the United States, residing at Jersey City, ,in the county of Hudson and 5 kState of New Jersey, have inventedv certain new' and useful Improvements in Gas Ranges, of'which the following is a specification, reference being lhad therein to the accompanying drawings.

Thisinvention, while applicable to heating apparatus in general, relates more particularly to 'gas 0r like ranges of the kind having a closed top adaptedto be heated by.

\ the burner lof an underlying combustion chamber.

The primary object of the. present invention is to improve the eliciency of gas ranges of this kind, and the invention is directed to certain improvements in the various parts having that general object in view. These improvements will best lbe understood from the detailed description to follow: In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a top planview, partly broken away, of'a gas range equipped with the improvements;

Fig. 2' is a` vertical section. taken on the line A-A of Fig. 1;

` 3 is a vertical section takenA on th Fi 4 is a vertical section taken on'the line CofFigzl;

' Fig. 5 is a plan view, partly broken away, ofl the burner arrangement;

1 Fig. 6 is a perspective view ofthe manifold and its supporting bracket, showing the parts in unassembled condition;

Fig. 7 is a top plan view, partly broken away, of the range as equipped with a modi- A 40 ed form of burner; and

Fig.) 8 is a vertical section taken on the line D of Fig.A 7. j l

The bodyof the range, denoted as a whole by the reference numeral 1, may be of any7 i l1=l5-suitable shape or design, but it is preferably .made square .o rectangulan as shown.

, The upper part o'Af-the range is devoted to a' combustion chamber 2 having a closed'cooking top-3, a bottom plate 4, and surrounding .walls or partitions 5, these parts thus enclosing the combustion chamber on all sides. The top 3 is made in sections and is vpro- 'served, are spaced inwardly from the outer vided with the customary removable lids,as shown. The chamber walls 5, it will be obwalls 6 of the range, the two Walls thus providmg, in yconjunction with the top and bottom plates 3 and 4, a flue 7 entirely surrounding or circumscribing the combustion cham.- i

ber. Near the top, the walls 5 `are each 60 formed with a. series of holes or apertures 8 which establish communication between the combustion chamber 2 and the flue 7 at various points around the chamber. At the rear, the range wall 6 is formed with an exit 9 leading into a pocket 'l0 of an outlet or chimney 11. By means of this arrangement, there will be produced in the range a natural draft which tends to pull` the heated products of combustion from the combustion chamber 2 through the holes 8 into the surrounding flue 7 and thence around. the ue to the exit 9, where they escape through'the chimney 11 at the rear. As the openings 8y are formed in all four walls of the combustion chamber, the heat currents are necessarily distributed in all directions and hence are caused to heat the lclosed top 3 throughout its entire surface.- As the products of @combustion pass through the flue, more heat is Y naturally imparted 'to the 4closed top, which is thus heated to its outermost margin. f The area of the holes 8 is so regulated that the products of combustion, although Sulliciently delayed in their escape to aiford enough time for the absorption of the heat units, will vbe allowed to expand in lthe desired manner without creating any objec- 'i'tionable back' pressure.

, from the respective burner. rings are mixing tubes 14 provided with the customary primary air chambers 15 .disposed in a row'at `the of the range. Inv order to 'make room for the burner tubes 14, the vfront f walls 5'and 6 ofthe flue 7 are recessed as 101v at 16, it being noted that 'the flue is closed around the recess. It may also be noted that the ilue is provided at this point with a peep hole 17 containing a screen of wire gauze or the like. A plate 18 fitted over the burner tubes serves as a closure for the recess 16.

The burner rings 12 are completely enclosed within a box or housing comprising an upper part 19 and a lower part 20. the two parts as shown being tightly fitted together about the burner rings and their mixing tubes 14 and separable at will to give access to the burner for cleaning or ielnoval. The lower part of the housing is formed with air inlet openings 21 which may be of any desired form or arrangement. so long as they are capable of furnishing the necessary supply of secondary air to the burner. The upper part, of the housing is formed with air discharge nozzles 2Q arranged in vertical alignment with the burner orifices and consequently disposed in concentric rows or series to correspond. As best shown in Fig. l. the gas nibs 13 of the burner rings 12 project into and are centered within tapered bores or openings of the discharge nozzles 2:2. the idea being to provide for the entrainment. of secondary air at the flame ports. as will be more fully explained at a later point. The burner rings are supported within the housing upon lugs or projections standing up from the bottom of the part 20 and which maintain said rings at the proper elevation within the housing. The housing itself is located in a recess formed in the bottom plate l of the combustion chamber and is supported upon an underlying plate Q-i, from which -the housing is spaced by legs 25. The slight depression formed in the plate 24 is merely intended to locate the housing at the proper distance from the closed top 3. The plate S24 extends from one side of the range to the other and has its front and rear edges turned upwardly to meet the. plate i, the two plates thus providing between them a secondaryv air passage Q6 leading to the burner and communicating with the atmosphere through holes or openings 2T forlned in the side walls G of the range. It may be noted that the housing is provided on its lower part with a peripheral iange Q8 resting upon the bottom plate l of the combustion chamber and shutting off communication between said chamber and the secondary air passage 26 around the housing. The secondary air, in entering the combustion chamber. is thus obliged to follow the path generally indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4. It will be. seen that no secondary air is allowed to ente-r the combustion chamber without passing the burner., which is an import-ant factor in obtaining the proper ame propagation. This particular effect would be secured by the use of the lower part 20' of the housing alone, but by employing the upper part 19 as well. the air is prevented from entering the. combustion chamber except through the discharge nozzles 22, which thereby enable the flame jets to entrain the exact quantity of secondary air required for perfect combustion. The housing therefore provides in effect a secondary air chamber Which is completely separated from the combustion chamber except at the points where the gas is ignited. Although desirable. it isnot essential that the burner be completely enclosed within such secondary'air chamber, as the more important thing is to cause the secondary air to enter the combustion chamber 'solely b v way of the discharge nozzles.

Many advantages characterize the foregoing construction: For instance, the. secondary air is supplied to the burner in its pure atmospheric condition, being prevented from mixing with the products of combustion before it reaches the flame ports. Again, the burner, being protected against the heat of the products of combustion, has less tendency to cause an excessive expansion of t-lie contained gas such as would reduce the entrainment of the primary air. On the other hand, the air pocketed within the housing becomes heated -by the products of combustion and may therefore be more effectively entrained at the flame ports. In this connection, it may be stated that the tapered bores of the discharge nozzles 22 `not only facilitate the proper entrainment of secondary air, but also serve to effect a thorough admixture of the gas and air in promoting combustion. It is also pointed out that, due t-o the restricted openings of the discharge nozzles, the pressure of the products of combustion at the burner oriices is reduced to a minimum, thereby lessening the tendency to back pressure and hence more nearly preserving the initial entrainment of primary air. Actual practice has shown that, inthe use of a burner arrangement as above described. the initial combustion may be maintained almost iiidefinitely.

Located within the combustion chamber 2 is a bed or layer of refractory material 29, such as fire bricl capable of absorbing heat and transmitting it by radiation. In the present instance, the material is supported upon the bottom plate 4 of the combustion chamber and substantially fills the entire space between the two- part housing 19, 20, andthe flue 7. The material thus presents an extensive surface to the heated products of combustion, and hence is capable of abstracting a considerable amount of additional heat therefrom before they finally escape from t-he range. Such abstraction of heat, of course, is greatly facilitated by the flue arrangement, previously described. which it will be remembered acts to delay the escape of the products from the range. It is apparent, therefore, that this fire brick material by its heat radiation, aids appreciably in heating the closed top and in imiso ing, like the other,

rious parts are generally made with greataccuracy to meet this requirement, nevertheless it frequently happens that the manifold is disarranged in shipment or in fitting it to the maln pipe connections. To obviate this defect, locking means are herein provided to locate and hold the manifold in a definite and fixed position so as to mainvtain the gas nozzles in proper centeredrelavtion to the primary air chambers at all times. In the` present instance, the desired result is accomplished by providing the manifold 30 at its opposite ends with hexagonal or non-cylindrical bosses 33 fitted into correspondingly shaped sockets4 34 of supporting brackets 35, the latter having front detachable sections 36 to permit the ready removal or a plication of the manifold. The manifol 1s also provided at its opposite ends with laterally projecting studs 37 narranged to engage the inner faces of the supporting brackets 35. By this simple arrangement, the manifold is positively locked against displacement in any direction, and in particular against turning or axial shifting, thereby renderng it impossible in fitting or shipment to disturb the proper relation of the parts. This particular arrangement is merely intended as an example of a suitable locking means, and it will now be obvious that the manifold and its' supporting brackets could be relatively formed in some other ,way to locate and maintain the manifold in the required position.

The range illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 is substantially the same as that above described except as to the burner equipment. In this instance, Athe burner simply comprises a single ltube 38 extending entirely across the combustion chamber from front to rear and provided at the front with a single air chamber 38a. The manifold 30 is consequently provided with but one gas nozzle 32. The burner tube 38, likethe burner rings 12, is provided with arseries of gas nibs,- 39` glrojecting. into the tapered bores of air disc arge nozzles 40 formed in the upper wall of anoblong housing 41, which latter is formed in its lower wall with inlet openings 42 to it-secondary air to the housing from the passage 26. This housgas orifices arranged tov project the v 1s supportednpon thefplate 24, having legs 43 to ,maintain it at. the properhmght. 'The function of 'the' 'housing is precisely the same asbefore described, so that no further explanation seems necessary. In view of the long and narrow form of the housing 41, the fire brick material 29 laid between it and the flue 7 will necessarily present more surface toA the heated products of combustion.

In both embodiments above discussed, the range is provided beneath the combustion chamber 2 with an oven 44, whose upper wal-l 45 is formed with holes or openingss46 leading into ahorizontal flue 47 having an exit 48 discharging into the. chimney pocket 10 'before referred to. rlhe plate 24 of course shuts o any communication between the flue 47 and the secondary air passage 26.

The invention is not of course confined to the precise constructions shown and described, nor to any other particular construction by which the same may be carried into effect, as many changes may be made in the details without departing from the main principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages. It should be understood, therefore, that the invention is not limited to any specific form or embodiment except in so far as such limitations are set forth in the appended claims. It should also be understood that, while the several features set forth mutually cooperate in a peculiar way in attaining the eral object stated, they might be used one or in connection with other features as well. For instance, the improved burner arrangement or the improvedy manifold mounting could be applied to various other kinds of ranges or heating apparatus to very good municating therewith, a Bunsen burner, and

a member formed with secondary air discharge openings leading into the combustion chamber and through which the burner flames project, the said member being constructed to exclude secondary air from the combustion chamber except through said discharge openings. s

2. A gas-range including, in combination, a combustion chamber, a closed top therefor, a `flue surrounding said chamber and communicating therewith, a secondary air chamber separated from the combustion chamber and having air discharge openings leading thereinto, and a burner located within` the secondary air chamber and havin its amejets through said airdischarge openings.

3. A gas-range including, in combination,

a due surrounding said chamber and com-y ra eombustionfchamber, a closed top therefor, n

ing completely enclosing the burner and its gas orifices arranged in centered relation formed with inlet and outlet openings for secondary air, the said outlet openings leading into the combustion chamber and arranged in alignment with the burner orifices.

4. A gas-range including, in combination,

a combustion chamber, a closed top therefor, a passage for secondary air extending beneath the combustion chamber, a flue surrounding said chamber and communicating therewith, a burner, and a housing complete.- ly enclosing the burner and formed with air inlet and outlet openings, the air inlet openings leading from the secondary air passage, and the air outlet openings leading into the combustion chamber and arranged in alignment with the burner orifices.

l 5. A gas-range including, in combination, a combustion chamber, a closed top therefor, a flue surrounding said chamber and com-y municatingl therewith, a burner, a housing completely enclosing the burner and formed with secondary air inlet and outlet openings, the latter leading into the combustion chamber and arranged in alignment with the burner orifices, and a bed of refractory material located within the combustion chamber and filling the space between the burnerhousing and the flue.

6. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a combustion chamber, a Bunsen burner formed with gas orifices. and a member formed with secondary air discharge openings leading into the combustion chamber and through which the flame jets project, the said dischargeopenings constituting the sole means for admitting secondary air into the combustion chamber.

7. 1n a heating apparatus, the combination of a combustion chamber, a Bunsen burner formed with gas nibs, and a member Jformed with secondary air discharge nozzles having tapered openings leading into the combustion chamber and arranged with the gas nibs projectin into said tapered openings, the said mem er being constructed to exclude secondary air from the combustion chamber except through the discharge nozzles.

8. 1n a heating apparatus, the combination of a combustion chamber, a secondary air chamber separated therefrom and having air discharge openings leading thereinto, and a Bunsen burner located within the secondary air chamber and having its gas orifices arranged to project the ame jets through said secondary air discharge openings. n

9. 1n a heating apparatus, the combination of a combustion chamber, a secondary air chamber separated therefrom and having air discharge nozzles formed with ta pered openings leading into the combustion chamber, and a Bunsen burner located with# in the secondary air chamber and having to said secondary air discharge nozzles.

l0. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a combustion chamber, a secondary air chamber separated therefrom and having air discharge nozzles formed with tapered openings leading into the combustion chamber, and a Bunsen burner located Within the secondary air chamber vand formed with gas nibs projectin into the tapered openings of said secon ary air discharge nozzles.

11. A burner equipment for gas heating apparatus comprising a Bunsen burner formed with gas orifices, and a housing completely enclosing the burner and formed with inlet and outlet openings for secondary air, the said outlet openings being arranged in alignment with the gas orifices, for the purpose described.

12. A burner equipment for gas heating apparatus comprising a Bunsen burner formed with gas orifices, and a housing completely enclosing the burner and formed with inlet and outlet openings for secondary air, the said outlet openings being tapered and arranged in centered relation to the gas orifices.

13. A burner equipment for gas heating apparatus comprising a Bunsen burner formed with as nibs, and a housing completely enclosing the burner and formed with inlet openings and discharge nozzles for secondary air, the said nozzles having tapered openings and arranged with the gas nibs projecting into said openings.

14. A burner equipment for gas heating apparatus `comprising a Bunsen burner formed with gas orifices, and a housing completely enclosing the burner and formed with inlet and outlet openings .for secondary air, the latter arranged in alignment with the gas orifices, and the said housing being formed in separable sections to permit the burner to be inserted in or removed from the housing, as required.

15. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a combustion chamber, a Bunsen burner having a series of gas orifices, and a member formed with secondary air discharge openings surrounding the gas orifices, thev said discharge openings constituting the sole means for admitting secondary air into the combustion chamber and acting to discharge said secondary air in individual streams directly at the respective gas orifices for immediate contact with the fiamejets.

16, A gas range including, in combination, a combustion chamber, a closed top therefor, a Bunsen burner located in said chamber, and a member overlying the burner and formed with secondary air discharge openings throu h which the burner flames project, the sai member being constructed to' exclude secondary air from the combustion chamber except through said discharge openings.

1T. A gas range including, in combination, a. combustion chamber, a closed top 5 therefor, a secondary air chamber separated from the combustion chamber and having air discharge openings'leading thereinto,

and a Bunsen burner located' within the secondary air chamber and having its gas orifices arranged to project the flame jets through said air discharge openings.

In testimony whereof, I have aixed my signature hereto;

mNRY W. ODOWD.

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