US1450562A - Process for the treatment of gases from gas producers - Google Patents

Description

,TAEEEEE Q. METTE TREATMENT 0E @ASEE FREE GAS PRoDUCERs 'PROCESS FOR THE Fied Feb.

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@MEE m00 @attested Aar. 3, entre sir-aras OLIVIER PIETER, OF BRUSSELS, BELGTUM.

. raoonss rca Tian TREATMENT or casus FROM ses PRODUCERS.

application'ied rebrua''y 2s, i921. serial successe.'

- To a-Zllwhom it may concern:`

Be it known that l, OLivIEn Pierre, a

i subject of the Kingof Belgium. and resident of Brussels, Belgium, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for the Treatment of Gases from Gas Producers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as Willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference. being hadV to the vaccompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked therein, whichv forma part of this speccation.

This invention has for its object a process for the treatment of gases .produced bythe,

gasiiication of fuel in gas-produ'cersLvali'ich makes possible owing to a rational utilization of the heat producedin the gasprOduCeT, to

obtain a working of the plant, as advantageous as., ossible from the caloric point. of

- of Water gas in the gas-prodicer. rMoreoven it is advantageous to adjust the circulation and the temperatureofithe wateiffserving for4 *the spraying of the `gases-'in suchafinanner that thesaid Water shall condensefthe am-I moniacal salts only, that is the salts which do not distil in' an 'aqueous solution and shall become richer and richer, in ammonia- I cal salts by its successive passages in the apparatus forspraying the gases. After the eoi'lclens'ationv of the, xedsalts has taken place, the gases are sent,accord-ing to the' present invention, 'into a closedsaturator in which the sulpliatation of the ammonia still ammonium' Asulphate take Place ln order to. supplythe saturator With the heat which isxineeessarygfor avoidnggthe dilution of the bathl and'zalways ensuring the crystallization of :the sulphate, the saturator vmay be pijovided a heating device fed contained inthe ases and the crystallization of "the producwg *with steam. "llhe steam may be taken from the jacket of the gas-producer or from the discharge of the engines but in any case a characteristic feature of the invention consists in sending afterwards the* steam into the circuit of the air which is to be sent under the 0`rate of the gas-producer.

Moreover, vaccording to the present invention, the waterl of condensation containing the fixed ammoniacal salts, concentrated 'by l their successive passage through the gases, are' used for diluting the sulphur-ic acids, in a receptacle placed before the saturator and in which a first formation of arn- 'nioiiium sulphate takes place with elimination of harmful acids which escape'directly from the saidreceptacle Without entering againinto the circuit of the gases.`

Other detailsof the invention are given hereinafter during the detailed description jof .a form vof construction given by Way of "example kand in the drawingvvhieh illustrates diagrammaticallythe Whole plant.

(Thelgas-producer l provided with awater jacket 2 produces gases by gasification of the fuel, which gases escape through 3" in order to' traverse a heat-exchanger 4 Whichnis trav# versed intheljopposite direction bythe air `admitted:through the pipe 5 and brought u'ndern'eaf'tlithe` grate througha conduit 6.

Thegasesare freed from-their dust and from part 'of their tar in the said heat eX- changer, and at` the same time they` are cooled. They pass-.afterwards through .7 into one or'several'condensers 8 with Water spraying, Where the temperature and the trave-1 of the spraying Water are chosen in `such-a manner as to condense` the fixed am moniacal-salts. From there, the gases pass through 9 into a centrifugal extractor -10 for eliminating theaqueous or tarry vesicles in suspension, ithen into the .saturator 11 .con-- taining a solution lof sulphuric acid; the

lairnmoniaeal compounds contained in the gases are converted into ammonium sulphate vWhich crystallizes andis evacuated through .an ejector 12 Working by compressed air. Finally the gases pass intoa scrubber 13 before reaching their place of utilization through the conduit 14. y

- The spraying water of the condenseror condensers travels in a closed circuit. After it has been injected -like rain through the nozzles 15, it cools the gases, it charges itself with fixed salts and tarry compounds and falls irto the receptacle 16. rThe tar is sepaice lll?

rated in the latter tank and is evacuated through 17 whilst the less dense portion of the water flows through 18 into the lower part of the apparatus 19. In the latter 'apparatus the water is subjected to bubbling from the air which is compressed by a fan 2() and is injected by means of a suitable device 21. The airis thus charged with moisture and gets heated while cooling the liquid; it enters then into the pipe which takes it to the heat-exchanger 4 above described; the water which has been cooled is taken by a pump 22 inserted in the piping 23 which sends water to the nozzles 15.

When the water has been used several times for spraying and is sufficiently concentrated in fixed salts, is sent by means of a liquid-raising apparatus 25 into a'receptacle 24 where it is m-iXed with the sulphuric acid serving for the feeding of the saturator 11; there is formation of ammonium sulphate in the said acid 'whilst the harmful acids, more especially hydrochloric acid, escape through 26 where they could be drawn off and sent in'to the atmosphere. It is 'thus seen that by this method, the harmful acids do'not remain in the gases of the gas-producer and do not attack the piping and the ap aratus in which they are used.

wing to the large quantities of vapours carried over by thefgases into the condensers 8 and of the variable percentage of the gases and ammonial it is necessary to provide a heating device for the liquid contained in the saturator 11 with a view to preventing the dilution of the bath and to ensure the crystallization of the ammonium sulphate. A coil 27 is used which receives steam from-a receptacle 28, which steam' is superheated if necessary by its passage through a heating apparatus 29 fed with gas from the gas-producer. LThe steam leaving the coil 27 is sent int the apparatus 19 Where it serves for heating and moistening the air' sent under the grate of the gas produced. The receptacle 28 receives for instance the exhaust steam coming through 30 and 31 from the engine driving the blower 20 and the eX-' tracting apparatus 10; it' is also possible to bring steam coming from the jacket of the gas producer through the pipe 32. V The water which is brought through 33 at the upper part. of the scrubber v13 and which has been heated by contact with the gases Hows out into a receptacle 34; a por` tion of this Water passes into the apparatus "'19 in order to compensate thequ'antities which have been periodically. taken by the liquid-raising apparatus 25 in the Water circuit of the condensers 8 and the losses by evaporation; the remaining portion of the kwater is sent into the jacket 2 of the gas pipducer through a pipe which is not shown.

In. is seen that the process according to thepresent invention eiiec-ts an important saving of the steam relatively to known processes in which the total condensation of ammoniacal bodies is effected by means of Water with subsequent distillation or the condensation of the said compounds is obtained by spraying with a sulphuric solution. In the first case besidesthe lime Ian important quantity of steam is consumed in the distilling column and large quantities of residual waters are produced; in the second case it is necessary to consume steam in order to concentrate the solutions of sulphate of ammonia.

Moreover, in contradistinction to what happens in the known processes there is no less of ammoniacal bodies to be feared.

lVhat I claim is:

l. A process for the treatment of gases* .from gas producers, comprising passing the gases into condensers with spraying Water, adjusting the temperature by the circulation of the water in such a manner as to condense only Hxed ammoniacal salts and tarry compounds, passing said gases into a closed saturator in which the remaining ammoniacal compounds are converted into ammonium sulphateV and the said ammonium sulphate is crystallized, placing the outlet water from the condensers in contact with air blown under the grate of the gas producer, heating the solution of the saturator by a steam circulation, and sending said steam into the circuit of the air passing under the grate of the gas producer.

3. A process for the treatment of gases from gas producers, comprising passing the gases into condensers with spraying water, adjusting the temperature by the circ-ulation of the Water insuch a manner as to condense only fixedvammoniacal salts and tarry compounds, passing said gases into a closed saturate-r in which the remaining ammoniacal compounds are converted into sulphate ammonium and the said ammonium sulphate is crystallized, placing the outlet water from the solution of the saturator by a steamgeir culation, sending said'steam into the circuit of the air passing under the grate of the gas producer, and heating saturator with the eX- haust steam.

4. A process for the treatment o f gases from gas producers, comprising pamg. the gases into condensers Withspraying Water,

adjusting the tempera-ture by the circulation of the Water in such a manner as to condense onl fixed ammoniacal saltsvand 'ta-rry compoun s, passing said gases into a closed saturator in 'which theremaining ammonia`r` cal .compounds are converted into ammo nium sulphate and the said ammonium sulphate is crystallized, placing the out-A let Water `from the?` condensers in contact with air blown under the grate ofythe gas producer, heatingthe solution of the satuder the]grate of' the *gas produ l the, solution; of the satuator 1oya1-steam circu-f lation,"`sending said steam into the'circuit of 'theaiif passing under the grate 'off the gas'-`f .y producer, andi` super-heating changer thesteam carrier With'this air. f

rator by a steam' circulationfrom the Water` jacket ofthe gas producer, and sending said l y y passmg un-V der the grate of the gas producer.

steam into the-circuit of ,the air 5. Al'process for the treatment of gases from gas-producers, `comprising passing the gases into conde'nsers with spraying Water, adjusting the' temporature by thefcirculation yof the Water' in lsucha mannerpasuto' Cong;v .I denseonl fixed ammoniacal saltsA and tarryy vcompoun s, passing 'saidA gases into. aclOse'y v saturator in which' the remaining amxnoniaf cal compounds are converted into ammoniifixiisulphate and fthe; said Varrimonfiu'm ,sulphate -a iS crystallized; Placing the @nietwaar fam the condensers-incontact with. ai fblownp eating in a' heat-ei;-

6. A' process -iorvthe treatment of gases from gas-producers,` comprising passing the gases into condensers with' spraying Water,

'adjusting the temperature by the circulation of the water in such a manner as Ato condense only fixed ammoniacal salts and tarry compounds, passing said gases into tion of ammonium sulphate and elimination ofthe harmful volatile acids.` I

7. A process for the treatment of gases from gas-producers, comprising passing the gases into co'ndensers with spraying. water,

adjusting ,the temperature'by the circulatinof Athewater in suchlna mannefas to 'condense onl Afixedyammoiuacal salts and tarry Compoun s,ipass1 ng said gases into a closed saitzjurator invwhich the remaining ammonia- 'phsfsfisdr'yseanized, placing the Guust jvvgilter'fromgthe condensers in Contact with blown :"iindr'the grate of the gas-prosatlirator by spraying with Water and feedinglieated Water 'partly to the vwater jacketfoffthe gas producer and partly to the air hydrators.

. testimony vvhereof I ailfiir my signa- `,L ture in presence of two Witnesses.

y A 'OLIVIER Pi'ETTE. Witnesses.: 'i Y i' v G.' NOEL, LEONARD LEVER.

ca'jljcompcunds are `converted' into -ammonknina sulphate andthe said ammonium sul- 'tiuoerg "cooling, the gases which leave the

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