US1326456A - Telegraph-transmitter. - Google Patents

Description

C. L. Efiiifafi.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION'FILED JUNE 18' 1912 RENEWED MAR. 13,1919.

1,326,456. Patented Dec. 30,1919

3 SHEETS-SHEET lwry w v CZ M C. L. AND H. L. KRUM.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 18. 1912. RENEWED MAR. 13.1919. 1,326,456.

Patented Dec. 30, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

"E i H Ili. .llllllllllllllllll C. L. AND H. L. KRUM.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 18. 1912. RENEWED MAR. 13.1919.

1,326,456. Patented Dec. 30,1919.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

CHARLES L. KRUM AND HOWARD L. KRUM, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS TO MORKRUM COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

TELEGRAPH-TRANSMITTER.

Patented DecI-30, 1919.

Application filed June 18. 1912, erial No. 704,317. Renewed March 13, 1919. Serial No. 282,495.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, (HAnLEs L..KRU.\I and HowARn L. KRUM, citizens of the United States, and residents of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraph l ransihitters, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to telegraph transmitters and more particularly to transmitr ters adapted for use in a selective or printingtelcgraph system, and in which a moving tape having perforations or embosses thereon is employed for controlling or effecting the transmission of the impulses to the line.

Generally speakin tape transmitters heretofore employed have been either of the Wheatstone or of the Baudot type. In the Viheatstone transmitter, the pole changing switch which impresses the successive. impulses to the line, is directly controlled by a. continuously moving tape having perforations or embosses thereon. The perforations or embosses are variably arranged on the tape and represent the diflerent characters. But the row or series of perforations or embosses representing a single character extend longitudinally of the tape, so that the latter must be operated at a "cry high speed in order that the messages may be rapidly transmitted. Furthermore, the direct control of the pole changer which imparts the impulses to the line by the tape, renders the instrument delicate in operation, diflicult to adjust and liable to get out of order.

In the Baudot type of tape transmitter, the successive impulses are usually imparted by a transmitting switch mechanism of the sunflower type and the character of the impulses transmitted is determined by a set of switches controlled by the tape. The rows of perforations representing the separate characters, extend transversely of the tape and the latter is advanced by an intermittent or step bystep feed. the selecting switches being moved to and from the tape 'as the latter is intermittently advanced.

This intermittent operation necessarily in terferes with or reduces the speed of transmission.

The present invention seeks to provide improved means of tape transmission and em-, ploys a continuously moving tape which coiitrols the selection of the impulses or determincs the character thereof, and separate transmitting means or switch mechanism for imparting the impulses to the line, the tape being continuously advanced in definite, timed relation with the, speed of operation to the transmitter switch mecha nis'm. In the present improvement, the series of perforations or embosses of the tape representing the different characters extend transversely thereof or a. direction transversely of its feeding movement, so that the speed. of operation of the tape need not be high. The tape is continuously advanced at a uniform speed and in definite, timed relation to the speed of operation of the transmitter means or switch mechanism by which the impulses are successively imparted to the line. The selecting switches which deter mine the character of the imparted impulses, or'the operating devices for said selecting switches are arranged ina series extending across the path of movement of the tape and are directly controlled 'by the perforations or embosses thereof. The series of perforations or embosses of the tape which represent the different characters and the series of selecting switches or operating devices for such switches are preferably inclined relatively to each other. In the construction shown, the row of switches or switch operators is at rightangles to the movement of the tape, while the rows of perforations or embosses are at a slight angle thereto. By this arrangement, the selecting switches are properly and accurately operated in definite timed relation to the operation of the transmitter switch mechanism by which the selected impulses are imparted to the line.

The present invention also seeks to provide a selecting switch mechanism comprising a set of current supply branches which are successively connected to the line by a transmitter switch mechanism and which are controlled, not directly by the tape, but electromagnetically by a set of the tape.

0 eration of the transmitter switch mechanism and the continuous advance'of the tape in definite timed relation.

With these and other objects in View, the invention consists in the features of improvement hereinafter set forth, illustrated in the preferred form and arrangement in the accompanying drawings and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, which illustrate the preferred embodiment of the invention, Figure l is a plan view of the operating mechanism of the improved transmitter. Fig. 2 is a detail section on the line 2-2 .of Fig, 1. Fig. 3 is a detail section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the tapeeding mechanism. Fig. 5 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of a portion of Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the mechanism and circuits of the transmitter. Fig. 7 is a partial diagrammatic view of a modified arrangement.

While other forms of transmitting switch mechanism may be used, a sunflower transmitter or distributer is employed in the pre-' ferred embodiment of the invention. This sunflower transmitting switch mechanism comprises a rotating shaft 0. which carries an arm or brush 1) arranged to move over a circular series of contacts. The number, of contacts may be varied in accordance with the number of impulses representing each signal or character. In the form shown, there are seven contacts '0, 0, 0 c 0, 0, and 0". The shaft a is journaled at one end in a standard 10 which projects upwardly from a base plate 11. At its opposite end, the

shaft is journaled in a U -sha ed bracket 12, fixed to one side of an uprig t standard 13. The brush arm b is insulated from the shaft a ,whereon it is mounted and is provided with a cylindrical hub portion or commutator b which is arranged to be engaged by a springbrush (1 which is fixed at its lower end to a bracket 14 on the base plate, the brush being insulated from the bracket, as

- shown.

A U-shaped contact spring'or brush b is fixed to the upper end of the arm band is arranged to move over the contacts. a, c, 0 etc. These contacts are in the form of circular disks which are recessed in the face of'a 15 of ins'ulatin material which is mounte on one side of t e standard 13 and extends about the shaft a. The contacts are held in place by bolts 16, fixed thereto and extending throu h the insulating rin 15. Nuts 17 on the 'olts also serve to ho d in place clips 18, to which a seriesof branch conductors for sl ilipl ing current to the line areconnected. e rush d is connected'to a, line conductor which extends directly to' a distant station or, preferably,to a line relay which in turn is connected to the distant station. I

The shaft a and brush arm b are rotated continuously'in any suitable manner. In the construction shown, a small electric motor 7' is mounted on the base plate 11. At one end, the shaft of the motor is provided with 'a fly-wheel 19 and a small pinion 20 which meshes'with the gear 21 on one end of the shaft a, of the sunflower or transmitter switch mechanism. The opposite end of the motor shaft is connected by a pair of beveled gears 22 ,to a governor shaft 23. The latter is journaled. in a U-shaped bracket 24 attached to the motor frame and carries a sliding sleeve 25 which is connected to a fixed sleeve 26 thereon by a series of weighted spring arms 27. A contact screw 28, mounted on the sliding sleeve 25, is arranged to cooperate with a contact screw 29 which is adjustably mounted on one end of the bracket 24. A coiled spring 30 tends to hold these contacts in engagement. The motor circuit leads through the contacts 28 and 29 and the governor maintains the speed of the motor uniform. By adjusting the contact screw 29, the speed of the motor and of the transmitting sunflower can be changed.

The selecting switch mechanism of the transmitter, which determines the character of the impulses imparted to the line, is controlled by a tape T having transverse rows or series of perforations or embosses thereon, each row or series representing one signal or character. Preferably, the tape is perforated. In operation, the tape is fed over Ithe upper ends of a guide arm g' which is fixed .to and projects horizontally from the face of the standard. 10. The upper face of this'arm is recessed to. form a guide-way 31 for the ta e. The upper wall of the guide-way is ormed by a sheet metal strip 32 which is fixed at its ends to the ends of the guide arm 9. On one side of the guide arm is arranged a feed wheel h for the tape.

'This wheel is provided with a series of radial pins 33 which are arranged to engage a small pinion 37on the end of the shaft a of the transmitter switch mechanism. This gearing is such that the tape is advanced through a distance equal to one of the spaces between the ins 33 or the holes 34 at each revolution of the brush arm I) of the transmitter switch mechanism.

The tape is held in engagement with the feed wheel h by a wheel 38 which is grooved to fit over the ends of the pins 33 of the feed Wheel and which is carried upon the inner end of an arm 39. This'arm is connected by apivot pin 40 to a bracket 41 on the standard 10 and its outer end is connected byan upwardly extending spring 42 to a the longitudinal row of holes 34 in the tape.

pin 43 on the standard. The wheel 38 is thus yieldingly pressed toward the feed wheel h and serves to hold the tape in engagement with the wheel. A stripper arm or finger 44 extends upwardly from the lower portion of the upright standard 10 and is provided with a horizontal portion ll which extends beneath the tape-on the delivery side of the feed wheel and scrvesto strip the tape fromthe arms or eccentrics and are held in adjusted position by a series of set screws 47. Springs 48 extend between thefingers and the pin 43 and yieldingly hold the fingers in engagement with the face of the guide g, Orwith the tape as it is fed through the guide.

The fingers a, 8 etc., act as switches or switch operators. If desired, they may be insulated from one another and make 0011- tact through the perforations in the paper. Preferably, however, the fingers are provided at their upper ends with contact points 49' which are arranged to engage a series of insulated contact screws 50, which are adjustably mounted in a bracket 51 that projects from the standard 10. During the operation of the transmitter, the ,brush of the sunflower and the feed wheel 72. for the tape are continuously rotated. The fingers or switches s, 8 etc., are operated by the transverse rows of perforations or embosses on the tape to select ordetermine the characterof the impulses, and the brush of the sunflower serves to successively impart the selective impulses to the line.

As shown in the diagram Fig. 6, the contacts 0, c a c and 0" of thetransmitter switch mechanism or sunflower are connect:

ed to a series of current supply branches 1, 2. 3, i and 5. If desired, these current supply branches may be directly controlled by the selecting switches a, 8 etc., which are operated by thetape. Preferably, however, the supply branches are controlled by a second set of selecting switches t, 3 t, 16*, and t which are operated by a set of electro magnets 52, the coils of which are connected by a series ofconductors 53 to the contacts of the switches s, 8 etc. The stud 46, whereon the switches are mounted, is insulated irom the frame and is connected to a small local battery 54 by a conductor "55. The opposite ends of the coils of the magnets 5?. are connected to the other side of the battery by a return conductor or through the ground.

The particular telegraph system for which the present transmitter is designed employs the Baudot alphabet. That is to say. the different characters or signals are represented by permutations of a definite munber of impulses of opposite polarity, the character of a signal being determined by the permutation of five of the impulses. This permutation or variation of five of the impulses is effected by the switches f, F, etc., which, for this purpose, are in the form of pole changers and are normally springheld into engagement with a series of back contacts which are connected by a branched conductor 56 to the negative pole of a divided battery 57. The positive pole of the battery 57 is connected by a branched conductor 58 to the front or normally disengaged contacts of the selectingswitches or pole changers 1", t etc. In the particular form illustrated. the transmitting sunflower is provided with seven contacts, five of which, as described, are connected to the pole changers. The two additional contacts 0 and c are connected, respectively. to the positive and negative sides of the battery 57 by conductors 59 and 59 With this arrangement, the first impulse of each signal or character, imparted to the line when the transmitter brush is in engagement with the contact 0 will always be positive, while the last impulse. imparted to the line when the transmitter brush is in engagement with the contact 0" will always be negative. The intermediate impulses will be varied. in accordance with the varied operation of the selecting switches which are controlled by the tape. I

The transverse row of selecting switches a, 8 etc. and the transverse rows of perforations or embosses of the tape are preferablv relatively inclined, so that these switches are accurately operated in definite timed relation to the operation of the trans mitter switch mechanism. In accordance with the preferred plan, the row of switches are arranged at right angles to the direction of movement of the tape, while the transverse rows of perforations a are inclined thereto. In the enlarged diagrammatic view shownin Fig. 5, the tape is shown as divided by a series of parallel, longitudinal and transverse lines. It is of course under stood that these lines are only shown on the drawings, in order to clearly indicate the arrangement of the perforations of the tape. The perforations in each space between the heavy parallel, transverse lines 0 represent a single character. or signal. These lines are spaced apart equal to the distance between the-perforations 34 which engage the pins 33 of the feed wheel h and, or" course, each of-these spaces is provided,

' at the point of intersection of one of the tudinal lines 63, 6t and 65.

with one of these perforations upon a longitudinal line 60 which corresponds with the position of the pins of the feed wheel. Two of the arnisl5,which carry the switches, are spaced apart by a sleeve 46' on the stud 4:6, as shown in the drawings, and the longitudinal lines 61. 62, 63, (it and '65 correspond to the position of the lower ends of the switches which are spaced apart on opposite sides of the teeth of the feed wheel 72..

Each of the spaces between the heavy lines 4,) is divided by fainter llnes l, 2, 3, 4, 5

and (3, which are equally spaced apart from one another and from the heavy lines 0.

The perforations which control the switch 8 are all located at the intersections of the transverse lines 1, with the longitudinal lines 61. Sin'iilarly, the perforations which control the switch 8 are located at the intersections of the transverse lines 2 with the longitudinal lines 62. and the perforations which control the switches s, s and s are located, respectively, at the intersections of the transverse lines 3, 4 and 5 with the longi- As stated, the brushof the transmitting sunflower completes a single revolution as the tane travels the distance between the perforations 34 and the distance of the transverse lines 0. This I brush is so positioned that as it engages contact 0', the corresponding switch .9 will be transverse lines 1 with the longitudinal line 61. If this portion of the tape is perforted or embossed, this switch is closed. If the apt is not perforated at this point, the switch will remain open. Similarly, as the brush successively engages the contacts c, 0 o and c, the corresponding switches s 8 s ands will successively register with the lines 2-. 3, 4 and 5 and will be operated or not, in accordance with whether or not the tape is perforated at these points. This relative arrangement of the perforations or embosses of the tape and the switches controlled thereby, obviates the necessity of intermittently feeding the tape. The tape can therefore be continuously ad vanced without interfering with the proper, accurate ogeration of the selecting switches s, 8 etc. Furthermore, inasmuch as the positive and negative impulses to the line at the beginning and at the end of each code signal. By maintaining this angular relation between the transverse series of perforations of the tape which represent the different characters or signals and the series of switches controlled thereby, and feeding the tape in definite timed relation to the speed of operation of the transmitting means, the selecting switches shifted at any one operation, will be actuated successively and with certainty at the same time that the synchronisin with the operation of the transmitter means as the latter successively connects the current supply branches or pole changers to the line. Obviously, the inclined or angular relation of the perforations of the switches could be maintained by arranging the switches in an inclined series or by feeding the tape in a direction slightly inclined thereto.

It is not essential that the series of tape controlled switches and the separate series of perforations of the tape which represent the different characters or signals, be arranged in straight lines or rows, but only that they shall extend transversely of the direction in which the tape is advanced. It is obvious that instead of perforating the tape, the same may be embossed. It is also obvious that, if desired, the tape controlled switches 8'. 5 etc. may be arranged to make contact directly through the ,perforations in the tape. If this is done, battery 54 is con nected to the guide g, the latter being insulated and the switches being insulated and connected directly to the conductors as shown in Fig. 7.

The operation of the tape controlled switehes's. s etc,'controls the current supply branches 1, 2,3, t and 5 preferably through the medium of the magnets 52 which. in turn, control the operation of ti e second set of selecting switches or pole changers t. F, etc., as the transmitter means operates in definite timed relation to the speed of movement of the tape and successively connects the current supply branches or pole changers to the line. VVhiie other transmitting means may be employed, a sunflower or' distributer geared directly to the t-ape'feeding means, as in the preferred embodiment of the invention set forth, is

simple and efl'ective and does not easily get out of order. The impulses are imparted from the sunflower brush through the commutator b and the brush (1 to a line conductor 66. This line conductor may, if desired, lead directly to a distant station.

.Ireferably. it extends through a polarized line relay 67, the tongue 68 of which is connected to a conductor 69 leading to the distant station. The contacts of the polarized line relay are connected to the opposite poles of the divided battery 70 by conductors 71. By this arrangement, the battery 57 which transmits current, and which current flows through the transmitting sunflower, may have a comparatively low voltage, while the high voltage for transmitting the impulses over the line is supplied from the battery 70. Thus, the high voltage current will not pass through any of the parts of the trans mitter except the contacts of the polarized line relay.

It is obvious that the invention may be employed in connection with different'codes and that numerous changes may be made in the construction of arts and in the arrangement of the circuits set forth without departure from the essentials of the invention as defined in the claims.

We claim as our invention:

1. A telegraph transmitter employing a tape having the characters represented thereon by transverse rows of perforations and comprising a guide for the tape, a set of pivoted, impulse selecting switches, a set of contacts cooperating with said switches, said pivoted selecting switches being arranged in a transverse series across the path of the,

tape and adapted to be shifted thereby into and out of engagement with said contacts, a rotary transmitter switch for imparting the selected impulses to the line, a rotary feed wheel having teeth adapted to maintain constant engagement with the tape, a speed re-.

ducing gearing connecting said transmitter switch and sald feed wheel and arranged, when in operation, to continuously rotate said feed wheel and continuously and positively advance the tape in definite timed relation to the operation of said transmitter switch.

2. In a telegraph transmitter, the combination with a tape having the characters represented thereon by transverse rows of perforations and having a longitudinal row of perforations for engaging a feed wheel, a set of pivoted, spring held, impulse selecting switches, a set of cooperating contacts, said switches being arranged in a transverse series across the ath of the tape and adapted to be shifted. t erebyinto and out of engagement withsaid contacts, a retary transmitter switch imparting the se lected impulses to the line, a feed wheel having teeth adapted to be maintained. in

constant engagementwith the longitudinal row of perforations- 0f said tape, means for nation with a line, of a set of impulse selecting .magnets, circuits adapted to be con-- trolled by a tape for actuating said magnets, means for continuously advancing the tape and transmitting means for successively imparting the selected impulses to the line.

4. In a telegraph transmitter, the combination with a line, of a set of impulse selecting magnets, a set of switches adapted to be actuated by and in accordance with the formation of a moving tape and controlling the circuits of said magnets, a continuously operating transmitting means for successively imparting the selected impulses to the line, and means for continuously advancing the tape in definite timed relation to the operation of said transmitter means.

5. In a telegraph transmitter, the combination with a line, of a set of pole changers arranged to be controlled by a tape and each adapted to select either a positive or a negative impulse, means for continuously advancing the tape, and transmitter means for successively connecting said pole changers to the line.

62 In a telegraph in which the character signals are represented by permutations of impulses of opposite polarity, a transmitter employing a tape having the charactersrepresented thereon by transverse rows of perforations or embosses and comprising means for guiding the tape, means for continuously and positivelyadvancin the same, aset of impulse selecting pole changers adapted to be controlled by the tape and each arranged to select a positive or a negative impulse, and a rotatingtransmitter switch for successively imparting the selected impulses to the line.

7. In a telegraph transmitter, the combination of a line, a set of current supply branches, a set of magnets controlling said current supply branches, a set of selecting switches adapted to be controlled by a moving tape, means for continuously advancing the tape and actuating said magnets, and trans nutter switch mechanism for successively connecting said supply branches tothe line.

8. In a telegraph transmitter, the combn nation of a set or impulse selecting pole pulse, transmitter switch mechanism for imparting the selected impulses to the line, and means acting, when in operation to continuously and positively advance the tape in definite timed relation with the speed of operation of said transmitter switch mechanism.

9. In telegraphs in which the character signals are represented by permutations of a definite number of impulses of' opposite polarity, a transmitter comprising a set of pole changers each adapted to select either a positive or a negative impulse, a tape for controlling said pole changers, a sunflower transmitter for successively connecting said pole changers to the line, and means for con- 1 tinuously advancmg the tape in definite timed relation to the speed of operation of said sunflower transmitter.

10. In a telegraph transmitter, the combination of a set of pole changers, a set of magnets for operating said pole changers, a continuously operating transmitter switch mechanism for successively connecting said pole changers to the line, a set of switches adapted to be controlled by a moving tape for actuating said magnets, and means for continuously advancing the tape in definite timed relation to the speed of operation of said transn'iitter switch mechanism.

11. In a telegraph in which the character signals are represented by permutations of a definite number of impulses of opposite polarity, a transmitter therefor comprising,

in combination, a tape having the characters represented thereon by transverse rows of perforations and having a corresponding longitudinal row of perforations for engaging a fcedwheel, a set of impulse selecting pole changers each adapted to select either a positive or a negative impulse, a set of magnets for operating said pole changers, a rotary transmitter switch successively connecting said pole changers to the line, a set of switches arranged in a transverse seriesacross the path of the tape for controlling said magnets, a feed wheel having teeth arranged to engage the longitudinal row of perforations of said tape, and means arranged, when in operation to continuously rotate said feed wheel and advance said tape in definite timed relation to the speed of operation of said rotary transmitter switch.

12. In a telegraph transmitter, the combination of a set of impulse selecting switches, electro-magnets for operating said selecting switches, a set of switches for actuating said magnets, a tape for controlling the latter set of switches, a sunflower transmitter for successively imparting the selected impulses to the line, a feedin wheel for the tape, and drive mechanism or continuously operating said sunflower and said pulses to the line.

tape feeding wheel in definite timed relation.

13. In a telegraph transn'iitter employing a tape having the characters represented thereon by transverse rows of perforations or embosses, the combination of means for guiding and advancing the tape, a set of independent, pivoted, impulse selecting switches, a set of separate, insulated cooperating contacts therefor, springs for pressing said switches into engagement with said contacts, said pivoted switches being arranged in a transverse series across the path of the tape and adapted to be shifted thereby into and out of engagement with said contacts and transmitter switch mechanism for in'iparting the selected impulses to the line.

14. In a telegraph transmitter, the comranged in a transverse series across the path of the tape and adapted to be shifted thereby into and out of engagement with said contacts, and a rotary transmitter switch opcrating in timed relation with said feed wheel for imparting selected impulses to the line. i

15. In a telegraph trai'ismitter employing a tape having each character signal represented thereon by a transverse series of perforations or embosses, the combination of means for guiding the tape and for continuously advancing the same in longitudinal direction, during the transmission of each signal, a set of impulse selecting switches controlled by the tape arranged in a transverse series extending across the path of movement thereof, said series of switches and the transverse series of perforations or embosses of the tape for operating the same being maintained in angular relation, and transmitter switch mechanism operating in defi nite timed relation to the speed of movement of the tape for imparting the selected im- 16. In a telegraph transmitter employin r a tape having each character represente thereon by a transverse series of perforations or embosses, thecombination of a set of selecting switches controlled by the moving tape, and arranged in a transverse series across the path of movement thereof, said.

series of switches and the transverse series of perforations or embosses of the tape being relatively inclined, a toothed wheel for engaging and positively feeding the tape, a sunflower transmitter for imparting the selected impulses to the line, and a common drive shaft. for operating said tape feeding wheel, and said sunflower transmitter in definite timed relation.

17. In a telegraph transmitter system. a tape having each .character represented thereon by a transverse series of perforations or embosses, means for guiding and continuously feeding the tape in longitudinal direction, a set of selecting switches controlled by the tape and arranged in a transverse series extending across the path of movement of the tape at an angle to the transverse series of perforations or embosses thereof. and transmitter switch mechanism operating in detinite timed relation with said tape feeding means for imparting the selected impulses to the line.

18. In a telegraph transmitter system, a tape having each character represented thereon by an inclined, transverse series of perforations or embosses, means for guiding and continuously feeding the tape in longitudinal direction, a set of selecting switches controlled by thetape and arranged in a transverse series extending across the path of movement of the tape at an angle to the transverse series of perforations or embosses thereof, a set of pole changers controlled by said selecting switches, and transmitter switch mechanism operating in definite timed relation to the movement of said tape for successively connecting said pole changers to the line. i

19. In a telegraph transmitter system, a tape having each character represented thereon by an inclined, transverse row of perforations or embosses, means for guiding and for positively and continuously feeding the tape in longitudinal direction, a set of selecting switches controlled by the tape and arranged in a transverse row extending across the path of movement of the tape at an angle to the transverse rows of perforations or embosses thereof, a sunflower transmitter for successively imparting the selected impulses to the line, and a, common drive shaft and connecting gearing for continuously operating said tape feeding means and sald transmitter in definite timed relation.

20. In a telegraph in which the characters are represented by permutations of a definite number of impulses of opposite polarity, the combination of a tape having each character of a message represented thereon by a transverse series of perforations, means for guiding the tape and for continuously advancing the same in longitudinal direction during the transmission of each signal, a set of tape controlled selecting switches corresponding in number to the number of impulses in each character signal or permutation and arranged in a transverse series across the path of movement of the tape, said set of switches and the perforations of the tape being relatively so disposed that said switches successively engage the perforations of each transverse series, and transmitter switch mechanismoperating in definite timed relation with said tape advancing means for in'iparting the selected impulses to the line.

. 21. In a telegraph in which the characters are represented by, permutations of a definite number of impulses of opposite polarity, the combination of a, rotating sunflower switch for imparting the character signals or permutations to the line and means for variably impressing the different permutations of positive and negative impulses upon the contacts of said sun-flower switch, comprising a tape having characters represented thereon each by a transverse series of perforations, means for positively and continuously advancing the ta e in longitudinal direction, a set of impu se selecting switches corresponding in number to the number of impulses in' each character signal or permutation and arranged in a transverse series across the path of movement of the tape, the different series of perforations of the tape and said set of switches being relatively so inclined that said switches successively engage the perforations of each transverse series, and means for continuously operating said tape advancing means and said sun-.flower switch indefinite timed relation.

CHARLES L. KRUM. HOWARD L. KRUM.

\Vitnesses ELEANOR HAGENOW, KATHARINE GERLACH.

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