US1315237A - Equalizer fob dynamo-electric machines - Google Patents

Description

JOHN W. PEARSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

EQUALIzEn non DYNAMO-ELEGTRIC MACHINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 9, 1919.

Application filed August 25, 1917. Serial No. 188,110.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN IV. PEAnsoN, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Chicago, county of -Cook, and State of Illinois, have lllVGIlJllBCl certain new and useful Improvements in Equalizers for Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rotor construction for dynamo-electric machines and especially to the forming and disposition of the equalizing conductors which connect the commutator bars of like potential on the armatures of parallel wound machines having a plurality of pairs of poles, and to means for securing such conductors in place.

The main objects of this invention are to arrange the cross-connections for the commutator in mutually balanced and symmetrical position mechanically and to secure the same positively in such position concentric with the rotor axis so as to effectually resist the centrifugal force developed at high speed and which tends to throw the parts out of mechanical balance; to form and arrange the said connections or equalizers in such manner as to prevent and neutralize any magnetic or inductive effects of the currents flowing therein; to provide a support or guide member adapted to facilitate forming and placing the equalizing conductors and securing same in position; to provide for a high degree of compactness and security both electrically and mechanically; and to provide such means in combination with the commutator and substantially as a part thereof, structurally considered, and interchangeable therewith with respect to the armature core and shaft.

An illustrative embodiment of this invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of the armature side of the equalizer device as a whole, the armature shaft being in section on the line 11 of Fig. 6, and part of the covering being broken away to show the spiral winding of the equalizer. r

Fig. 2 is an axial section through the equalizer and adjacent pants on one side of the armature axis.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged side view of one edge of the equalizer.

Fig. 4 is a view of one of the split or compound equalizer conductors apart by itself.

Fig. 5 is a View of one of the commutator segments and its tang as viewed from the armature end thereof.

Fig. 6 is a cross section through one edge of the equalizer and shows the protector plates and binding wires.

F 7 is a conventional diagram of connectlons.

In the illustrative embodiment shown in the drawings, the armature 1 is adapted for use in a machine having a plurality of pairs of poles, the windings and equalizer being designed for a. t-pole machine. Referring particularly to Fig. 2, the armature compr ses a core 2 laminated transversely of the axis as usual in such machines, a commutator, one of the bars .8'of which is shown mounted on the same shaft 4 with said core, and the equalizer 5 comprising a suitable supporting ring 6 and cross connections 7 mounted thereon for joiningthe commutator bars of like potential.

The said equalizer is capable of design for any desired number of poles. It is here shown in a form adapted for two pairs of poles. The equalizing conductors 7, one of which is shown in Fig. 4, inorder that they may each be disposed symmetrically and perfectly balanced mechanically, are compound in character or split, each in fact comprising a pair of branches 7 and 7 disposed on opposite sides of the axis and having their corresponding ends connected with the same segments respectively. Said branches are complementary in character and are preferably made exactly alike in every respect so that they may be inter changeable. In order that the equalizer conductors may be securely and rigidly held in their proper definite position the support 6 is provided therefor in the form of a fiber ring of fiat annulus shape. Said ring is provided with a series of inwardly facing bearing shoulders 8 adapted to embrace the inwardly projecting or armature end of the sleeve 9 on which the commutator segments are mounted, said sleeve being secured ri idly to the armature shaft, as by a tignt Wedging fit. By this construction the equalizer and the commutator constitute substantially a unit, mechanically considered, which is interchangeable with respect to thearmature core and shaft when the armature winding's are disconnected from the commutator, as will be understood by reference to Fig. 2.

Each branch 7' and 7 of the equalizer conductors extends through an aperture preferably in the form of a perforation 10 adjacent to the inner edge of said ring, and onehalf of each branch is disposed spirally on the armature side of said ring and the other half on the commutator side. The curvature of the spiral and the thickness of the conductors is so adjusted that the several successive branches nest together in closefitting relation to one another on both sides of the ring 6. The conductors, when once placed in position are securely held by means of insulating plates 12 corresponding substantially in form to the said ring 6 and are held in place by suitable binding means as shown in Figs. 1 and G.

The outer edge of the ring 6 is provided with a series of notches 13 corresponding with the number of inner perforations 10 and also with the number of commutator segments 3. These notches are provided to accommodate the outer ends of the conductor parts which are disposed on the armature side of the equalizer annulus 6. Said outer ends extend through said slots transversely of the ring and extend from the notch side by side with the end of the opposite branch of the conductor to the tang 14 of the corresponding commutator segment, where both connections are soldered or otherwise held in position.

Referring to Figs. 1, 3 and 1, the disposi tion of any given equalizing conductor 7 is as follows: Starting from one end where it is soldered to the commutator tang the two branches 7 and 7" extend to a point on the commutator side opposite the corresponding notch 13. From this point one branch extends spirally on the commutator side to a corresponding perforation 10 which is 180 electrical decrees from said notch. Said branch extends through said perforation and thence spirally on the armature side of the equalizer ring to a notch 3G0 electrical degrees from the first mentioned notch. Said branch passes through the second mentioned notch from which point it extends to the tang of that commutator bar which is of the same potential and which is 360 electrical degrees from the first mentioned bar. The other branch of said conductor passes through the first mentioned notch and thence spirally in the opposite direction from that taken by the first branch to a perforation on the opposite side of the ring, at which point it extends back to the commutator side, thence spirally to a point opposite the second mentioned notch, from which point it extends side by side with the first mentioned branch to the tang of the second mentioned bar.

The equalizer construction herein described being intended especially for high speed. machines, it is important that the parts be secured together very rigidly so as to resist the effect of centrifugal force tcnding to displace the same. Although the spirally disposed equalizing conductors are arranged compactly and are in a large measure mutually self-supporting, still it is desirable that they be further secured and protected. For this purpose the side plates 12 are provided and secured in place by suitable binding means 21. Furthermo-e, binding means 22 are applied peripherially around the outer edge of the equalizer plate 6 after the conductors are in place and before the side plates 12 and their fastening means are applied, so that the transverse binding means 21 serve to secure all of the parts positively in place.

Although plain round wires suitably insulated may be used, it is preferable to use fiat wires or conductors having a rectangular cross section. Such rectangular or ribbon like conductors fit more compactly together, especially where the spirals are formed, and when once formed and secured in place are more rigid and secure.

By virtue of the connection for each pair of corresponding segments being compound, with one branch disposed on each side of the shaft in mechanical balance and sy1nmetrical relation, the armature is not in any way thrown out of balance by reason of the equalizer. Moreover any magnetic or inductive effect of the current flowing in one branch of a given connection is neutralized or offset by the current flowing in the other or complementary branch.

The application of equalizing conductors to the supporting ring 6 is facilitated by inclining the notches 13 in a direction corresponding with the inclination of the adjacent part of the spiral so that in applying the conductor to the ring, the end may be most conveniently bent into place and fitted in the slot, as will be understood by reference to Figs. 1 and 3. It has been found that turbo-generators of large size, when equipped with equalizers constructed as herein described may be run at very high speeds up to 5000 revolutions per minute without any trouble from centrifugal disturbances arising in the equalizer.

Although but one specific embodiment of this invention has been herein shown and described, it will be understood that numerous details of the construction shown may be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of this invention as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

1. Means for supporting the equalizing conductors on a parallel wound armature, comprising an annulus or disk centrally apertured to receive the armature shaft and provided with an annular series of apertures adjacent to the center for supporting the middle parts of said conductors which are threaded therethrough respectively, and the outer part of said disk having a cor-responding series of apertures to receive and support said conductors.

2. A parallel wound armature for a dynamo-electric machine, having a plurality of pairs 'of poles, said armature having a series of equalizing conductors connecting those commutator segments which are arranged to have like polarity in operation, respectively, and a supporting disk for said conductors mounted upon and concentric with the commutator and provided with apertures adjacent to its inner and outer edges respectively, to receive and support the middle and outer parts of the conductors respectively.

3. Equalizing means for connecting commutator segments of like polarity, comprising a pair of conductors having their ends attached to the same pair of segments respectively which are 360 electrical degrees apart, and means for supporting said conductors both medially and adjacent to their ends, said means being of disk-like charac ter and suitably apertured to receive said conductors.

4. A support for armature equalizing conductors, comprising a fiazt annulus adapted for mounting concentrically with the commutator and provided with apertures adja cent to its inner and outer edges respectively, in combination with a pair of conductors disposed diametrically opposite from each other on said annulus and having their ends secured to the same segments respectively.

5. A support for armature equalizing conductors, comprising a fiat annulus adapted for mounting concentrically with the commutator and provided with apertures adj acent to its inner and outer edges respectively, in combination with a pair of conductors disposed diametrically opposite from each other on said annulus and having their ends secured to the same segments respectively, said conductors each being threaded through said disk at a corresponding inner aperture and having the parts adjacent to said aperture disposed on opposite sides of the disk.

6. A commutator having an inner peripheral shoulder projecting at one end, in combination with an annulus or ring mounted thereon, and equalizing connection for commutator segments of like polarity, said connections each comprising two parts or branches disposed on opposite sides of the' shaft respectively and supported rigidly in place on said ring.

7 A commutator having a disk mounted on the inner end thereof, and equalizing conductors mounted on said disk, each of said conductors extending through said disk adjacent to its middle part and the opposite branches of said conductor extending from the point of passage through the disk being formed spirally in opposite directions and extending to points on the outer periphery opposite the respective segments to which said branches are connected.

8. In a dynamo-electric machine having a plurality of pairs of poles, a commutator having a series of equalizing conductors arranged to connect segments of like polarity, a ring mounted on the inner end of said commutator for supporting the said conductors,

said ring having a series of perforations adjacent to its inner edge and corresponding to the several segments respectively, and a series of peripheral apertures also correspond ing to each of said segments respectively, each of said conductors comprising two parts connected in parallel and disclosed on opposite sides of the commutator axis, each of said parts extending from the commutator to the inner side of the disk adjacent to its outer edge and thence spirally to the corresponding inner aperture, thence outward through the aperture, thence spirally on the opposite side to a point opposite the corresponding segment of like polarity, thence inward through a corresponding aperture to the said corresponding segment, said conductors all being formed and arranged symmetrically and compactl against said ring.

9. In an armature, a support for equalizing conductors comprising a non-magnetie insulating disk adapted for attachment to the inner end of the commutator, said disk having inner and outer apertures each ar ranged in an annular series, the inner apertures being in the form of perforations and the outer apertures being in the form of notches. I

10. In an armature, a support for equalizing conductors comprising a non-magnetic insulating disk adapted for attachment to the inner end of the commutator, said disk having inner and outer apertures each arranged in an annular series, the inner apertures, being in the form of perforations and the outer apertures being in the form of notches, said notches being inclined to the corresponding radius line and extending substantially in line with the adjacent spiral part of the corresponding conductor which extends therethrough.

11. A commutator having equalizing conductors and a support therefor, said support being in the form of a flat ring provided with inwardly facing bearing shoulders and a pair of corresponding plates overlying said conductors which are disposed on both sides of said ring, and binding means for securing said plates in place, said means being disposed between said shoulders.

12. A commutator having a series of equalizing conductors and a support therefor, said support being in the form of a flat annulus apertured transversely at or adjacent to its outer and inner edge to receive said conductors, which are disposed in compact spiral form against opposite sides of said annulus, and means for protecting and holding said conductor in place comprising a pair of corresponding annulus plates mounted on opposite sides, binding means disposed peripherally about the outer edge, and transverse binding means Wound over said disk and plates.

13. An equalizer device comprising a flat annulus adapted to mount rigidly on the armature in combination with a series of branched or compound connectors, each branch of which is insulated and lies half on one side of the annulus and half on the other side, each of said halves being arranged spirally and adjacent members being nested compactly.

14. An equalizer device comprising a flat annulus adapted to mount rigidly on the armature in combination with a series of branched or compound connectors, each branch of Which is insulated and lies half on one side of the annulus and half on the other side, each of said halves being arranged spirally and adjacent members being nested compactly, each of said branches being flat and ribbonlike and wound one upon another with their broad sides together.

Signed at Chicago this 23 day of August 30 JOHN WV. PEARSON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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