US1314743A - groat - Google Patents

Description

B. F. GROAT. ONTROLLING THE SURFACE TRANSPO APPucmon min uic. 12'. mr.

RTIVHY 0F STREAMS, 6m.

METHOD or Mm MEANS ron c 1,314,743.

Patented sept. 2,1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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u?? o rn eys B. F. GRAT. METHOD 0F AND MEANS FOR CONTROLLING THE SURFACE TRANSPORTIVITY 0F STREAMS, c.

APPLICATION FILED 0EC12, 1911. Patented Sept. 2,1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

5.6mm. l H CONTROLLING THE SURFACE TBANSPORTIVITY 0F STREAMS, Gle.

PPLTCTTON FILED DEC- T2, lgl. 1,314,743. PatentedSept. 2, 1919. 4 v 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 METHOD 0F AND MEANS F0 Invervov UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

nnNJmnI rELmn oscar, or PI-rrsntr'non, PENNSYLVANIA. Y

Immun or .um mams ron. comizonnnm THE scannen 'mmsronrrvm ois'- i Smm, M.

To all 'whom it may concern Bev it known that I, BENJAMIN FELAND GRoAT, a citizen of the United States, resid` ing at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennstylvania, have invented certain new. and use ul Improvements in Methods of'and Means for Controlling the Surface Transportivity of Streams, 8vo.; and I hereby declare that the followingl is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings which form part of this specifica. tion.

This invention includes both a novel method of and novel means for controlling the surface How of water or Huid in rivers, streams, sounds and canals so as to prevent the same becoming clogged, i jammed or disadvantageously aifected'by ice, wood, or other materials which Heat upon or are suspended in face of the water or lfluid. i

The principal objects of the invention are first, to insure the desired surface velocity of the water at any point orpoints,.so as to carry away andprevent clogging or jamming of the loatage. Second, to revent the oatage being carried into any ateral duct, such as a` canal or race leading romrthe stream or river by so controlling the surface current of the water at themouth or intake of the canal that the iloatage will be directed away from the canal and past the 4mouth thereof and not be permitted to. enter into yals the same; and third, to provide a novel method and means whereby sub-surface water may be diverted intov the canal beneath the surface or part of themain stream carrying the iloatage, so-that no floatage will becarried into such steam. Y s

For sake of brevity in thevfollowing explanation, I will refer to all materials such as ice, wood and the like usually carried on or Anear the surface Aof the water as floatage. I will refer to the main body ofthe water, the flow of which is to'be directed, as a stream, and to the lateral flow of such water or conduit as a canal; and the word fluid may be substituted for the word water,

as my invention may be applied to any channels conveying a fluid containing floatage under circumstances anywise analogousto those hereinafter referred to. The terms v Specication of Letters Patent. i

Application mea December 1a. 1917. semi m.

loatage, such asor near the sur# the places in Patented sept. 2, 1919. 200.793.

iloatage, stream, water are to be understood as being general and not definitive terms.

I will explain certain specific utilizations y of the invention hereafter to enable others skilled in' the art to adapt and use the same, and to facilitate an understandin thereof will refer toxthe accompanying rawin which conventionall illustrate some ,app ilcations thereof, van the essential features of the invention for which protection is deslred are summarized in the claims.

In said drawings: i

illustrates how the Figure 1 conventionall invention may be appliedv to astream to prevent accumulation or jamming of oatage at a portion thereof where such` jamming is apt to occur.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on the` line 2 2, Fig. 1.

Fig. is a sectional elevation on the line lFig. 5 cfinventionally illustrates another Fig. 3 conventionally illustrates a stream arrangement according to my invention for preventing oatage entering a canal.

Fig. 5. 4 y

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation on the line 6 6, Fig. 5.

Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10 and I1 are detail views illustrating the various methods of forming the ridges or channels inthe stream for maintaining or accelerating the surface flow thereof at points desired. e

The method consists essentially in direct-` ing and acceleratlng the motion' of the water at and near the surface thereof so that the floatage will be carriedaway from which jams, or congestions thereof are likely to occur, tllus producing transporting surface currents capable of carrying the Hoatage away from places where it is not wanted. l

Jams of floatage, such ,as ice, wood, lumber queiit y occur in reaches, or pools of streams where the 'loatage enters the pool in greater quantity than can be transported away by F g. `5 is a detail section on line 12-12 i ass, dead bodies, or other dbris fre- 1 the outilowing surfacev curia-mts,r and my` i11- deep pool from above and discharging through a nar-` vention can -be advantageously usedin such case as follows:

Referrin to Fig. l, 1 .desi ates a large ed by `a widebut s 'allow stream 'row and deep outlet 2 of relatively -large sectional area. Underthese circumstances, during winter, ice may be fed into the pool at a very rapid rate while the outlet 2 being insuliicient to discharge it, an ice results. e

The capacity of thestream to discharge matter at or near its surface depends primarily, though not entirely, upon the in' tensity and extent of the surface currents at the particular placeinvolved. The product of the width and mean surface 've ocity of the steam at the place will be a. more or Yless exact measure ofv said capacity, which,

for brevity, I will herein call surface transportivity of the stream.

One very simple application of my method consists in -reducing the effective depth of such narrow and deep outlet 2 in order to increase the. surface transportivity or flow suiciently to carry olf the fioatage and prevent the formation of a jam at such outlet. When said transportivity is greater above than below the pool a jam may occur at or near the outlet when there-isa sutliciently rapid supply of oating materials; The desired increase of surface transportivity may be attained by raising the average elevation of the bed ofthe stream in and ad'acent the outlet 2, as b forming the sub-sur ace ridge or submer darn 8, or several such ridges, or dams 8, extending transversel1 across, or partially across, the channe of the stream, or at any suitable angle, or angles relative to the general direction of flow.

Said ridges 8 `may extend partially or wholly across said channel, as circumstances may require, and they may or may not be parallel one with anotherand may or may not rise to the same elevation. The surface transportivity may also be augmented by widening the outlet. atthe same time reducing its eiiective depth, as aforesaid, by ridges or dams below-th`e surface of the water therein. ,i

These sub-surface ridgesV or dams may be constructed of ,excavated material, or of sheet metal, sheeting, metal sheet piling, sheet piling, concrete piling, and or nary timber piling. In other cases earth, timber, stone, masonry 'or concrete may be employed.` Some forms of such rid or dams are indicated in Figs. 7 to 11, erein'after referred to.

A very important application of my invention is in connection with the diversion ofy water from the stream into a canal or race leadin from the stream to a plant or eli point of utilization of a water supply, where the intake of the canal lmust be protected V,from iloatage, and my invention enables the 'surface trans ortivity of the main stream, or canal, or oth, to be so controlled as to 4impel all yor at least the greater portion 'of the surface' water in the. stream, past the down the main channel, but it is intended Y that all or at least the greater portion of the Water surface in the stream must move down stream in the main channel without being diverted into `he canal. Such utilizations of the invention are illustrated in Figs. B to 6.

As shown in Fig. 3 the intake of the canal 5 is located at a bendY either natural or artificially formed for the purpose in the `stream 6 so that the surface How of the current is slightly away from the mouth of the canal. In such case I form in the bed of the stream adjacent the mouth of the canal and extending toward ythe intake thereof, a series of' dams or channels and ridges, which are so formed as to maintain or increase the surface transport'ivit or iow of the water in the stream past t e intake of the canal and suficiently away from the intake to insure that the oatage will not enter the 'intake of the canal, but will pass the same.

The channels and ridges 8 may be formed in lvarious ways: dredged into or built upon the original bed, or upon a lower level after excavating the bed of the main stream in a Vtransverse or The channels may be oblique direction at an lsuitable angle with reference to the ,direction of the main current, and leading toward or into the entranceto the divergent canal and if the channels are made by dredging the original river bed the ri the portions left tween the channels as indicated in.Fig. 7; and if desiredltheexcavated soil from the channels may be piled upon the ridges 8 as indicated at 8B 1n Fig. 8, thus,` increasing the height of ridges and also the depth of the channels. Where dred ing is not convenient or de- .sirable the rldges might be formed b suitable piles driven or sunk close toget er, as indicated at 8 in Fig. 9; and the spaces 7" between the rows of piles form the channels. The body of water in the channelsW between the rows of piling 8h has no bodily v movement down stream, but can-flow. lates 8 can. be formed by' 1Q. "lf it is not desirable to .excavate the bottom the ridges might be formedby cribs 8 of any suitable kind, see Fig. 11, which cribs may be lilled with rock and the s aces 7 between the cribs correspond to t e channels. K l 'i In all cases the" channels andA ridges should be suflciently'below the surface of the Water not to interfere with the oat and sufficiently extensive to insure that, t e

' surface transportivity shall be increased or the desired control of thesurface currents and ridges are employed in making a: subaccelerated to such anextent as will insure and therefore of the iloatage. I

When several of the transverse channels canal through the transverseor oblique- `channels as the main" current flows over them. In some cases itma desirable to build different ridges to iferent elevations to control the' How of water and floatage even though no subsurface diversion is made.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 5, it is evident that water must flow vfrom the main stream 'to the canal if water is being withdrawn through the canal. This will cause a tendency, greater or less in amount, of all parts of the water in the main channel and the.

transverse, or diversion, channelsto flow toward the canal, since the water taken from the canal would naturally cause a. fall of the water surface within the canal, at the canal intake, and this would cause a dive'rsion of water from the main stream into and through the diversion channels toward and into the intake of the canal.

But the ridge of ridges 8 cause the surface water in the main stream to flow rapidly down the main channel while the water in the submerged transverse, or oblique diversion channels between-the ridges and below their crests can 'low with facility only in the dlirection of or toward the intake of the cana If the widths of the stream and intake o f canal, the elevations of the crests of the ridges, the depths of the transverse channels and the geographical configuration inthe vicinity of the intake have received proper attention and are Yproperly designed and arranged, the surface current in the main stream will not be impelled toward the intake sufficiently to canse any of the water at the surface to move into the intakey and down the canal while it is lat the surface.

My invention also contemplates the uses of jettie's, dkes, wing dams or other structures which can be employed for the purpose of Vdelecting water or reducing the efectiva widths of channels when they are too wide. Such jetties or the like when employed inrcombination with my sub-surface c annels orridges for controlling the iiow of streams for the purposes specified forma part of myinyentlon.

When the coniiguration of the shores and ground in the vicinity of the intake is unfavorable and requires it, a jetty, or like structure, indicated at 10 in Fig. 5 may be built so as to project into the main stream from ,the shoreadjacent the upstream side of the intake, for the purpose of deecting the water in thestreamaway from the intakeand preventing aflowvv of the surface water from the upstream side into the intake, notwithstanding that it is intended to make the sub-surface diversion to avoid said sur.

face flow into the intake. Suchjetties assist the subsurface diversion by, decreasing the width of the main stream .so as to increase the velocity of the main current and by increasing the curvature of the main currents on account of the deiiection produced so as to increase the ressure toward the divergent canal upon t e portions of water at and near the bottom ofthe stream. The wing or jetty 10 may be provided at top with aprojecting flange or overhanging portion 10 on its instream side for holding ture and directing it away frein the eddy that usually formsin water at the down stream extremity of a jetty or wing; this overhang is more clearly shown in Fig. 5.

- In some cases where the s ub-surface channels are used so as to direct the water from beneath the surface of the stream into the canal, asabove described, the mouth of the canal may be narrowed by a wing dam as indicated at 11 in Fig. 5, so that suiicient water may be supplied to the canal through :of the water past the intake of the`canal and concentrates the How over the diversion elements, ,thus reducing the amount and cost of construction.

By my invention the water is so controlled at the intake of the canal and in the main stream in the vicinity of the intake that nov surface water, and therefore no iloatage will enter the canal from the main stream. With sufcient channels and dams the surface iceaway from the central portion of the struc? ins 1o r making whatI call a sub-'surfacediversion the `intake 'into the main stream, the canal 5 receiving a suiicient supply of water from the sub-surface channelsor under part of the main stream to take care ofthe combined requirements of. the canaly and the return currents at the intake. This eiect can produced with more or less intensity by of water to the canal from theA lower portions of the main stream in greater amount than would be necessary simply to supply result i 15 the water required for the canal.. The

-of this is that the excess waterdiverted' subsuperiicially causes a counter, or compensating surface current iiowing outwardly from the intake into the main' stream.

1. The method oficotrollingthe surfaceV transportivity of streams, consisting in altering the depth of the stream-by a subsurface structure adjacent the point where 2 5 change in its surface ytransportivity is desired.

2. The method of controlling the surface' transpoitivity of a stream, consisting in locating -an angularly i disposed structure below the surface of the water adjacent the point rwhere it isdesired to change the suriface transportivity.

. 3. The method of controlling' the surface transportivityof streams, consisting informing below the surface of the streams adj acent ridges disposed at any angles to the line of flow of the stream.

4. The herein described method ofipreventing doatage collecting in streams, cn-f to increase the velocity of the surface water of the stream to insure carrying the loatage past such oint.

5. The crei venting floatage collecting in. streams,v consisting in placing submerged structures` m the streams at the points where it ais desired of the stream sufficiently to insure carrying the .ioatage past such tgoin 6. The herein descri' venting accumulationof fioatage streams, consisting in forming in the streams a series of submerged ridges or dams and successively increasin in height down stream.

n7. In the art o diverting water from a main stream into the intake of a divergent water way tolsecure water free fromloatage, the'method which consists in causing a layer of water next the surface' of the main stream to flow in a curved path concave in a horizontal direction toward the place where the 66 diversion" is to be made, simultaneouslyalative so that at the.

the desired point 'a plurality of adjacent described nchod of pre'.

to increase the'velocity of the surface watert ed method'of pnelowing the potential therebyI produced to g force water out of the lower portions of the main stream into the intake of the divergent water way, substantially as and for the pur herein described. 70

8. ,The method 4of diverting water from a stream into a canal, consisting in providing a channel at anl angle to the line of iiow of the stream and below the surface of the stream, whereby water is directed from the 7'5 lower portion of the stream into the intake of the canal.

consistingin 'forming a transverse or ob- -85 lique channel in the bed of. the river extend` ing toward th'e intake of the canal.

10. The 4herein described method of preventing oata entering the intake of Va canal connec -with a stream; consist` in providing a plurality of submerged ri ges 1n the stream adjacent the intake to increase the velocity4v of the surface water of the stream and `carry Y the ioatage past -swch intake. .1 i

'11. The method of makinga sub-surface diversion of water from a stream into a canal leading therefrom, whereby water is direct ed into the canal below the water level while I the surface water in the stream andinlet to the canal is diverted away from the inlet and on down the main stream; consisting in forming al plurality of transverse alternating channels and ridges in the of the river extending toward the intake of the `venting floatage entering the intake of a Y canaly connected with asti-cani; consisting in providing a plurality of submerged alternate ridges and channels in the stream adjacent the intake to increase the velocity of the surface water of the stream suiiiciently;- to carry the ioa to divert suilicient water from the' stream, below its surface, into thecanalto supply `the latter. y 13. Means for Vcontrollin 'subaqueously the surface transportivity o a stream, con- 12e'.

sisting of an appro riate number of subaqueous ridges forxmn suitable elevations of parts of the bed of t e stream, each lying in a direction at an angle with the current.

14. Swbaqueous means. for controlling simultaneously the transportivitie's of a main stream and diverting channel in the vicinity ofjthe intake of the diverting stream, consisting of a suitable number of channels bordered by marginal banks of e past such intake, and 116l suitable elevations formed in the bed of the main stream and constituting a subwqueous waterway below the ow of the current in the main stream and leading toward the divertin stream, whereby water is-madc to iiow sosuperficially into the diverting channel while surface water in the main stream, with any floatageV therein, is diverted away from the entrance to the diverting stream and on down the main stream.

15. Means for making my subsurface diversion of fwater from a main stream into a channel leading therefrom, whereby water is made to ilow into the divergent channel considera-bly below the Water surface, while the surface water .in the vicinity of the entrance to the diverting channel, with any lioatage therein, is diverted on down the mainstream; consisting of a subaqueous waterway formed Iby an yappropriate number of subaqueous ridges of suitable elevations upon the bed of the main stream and leading toward the diverting channel.

16. Means for diverting water from a stream to a canal leadingrtherefrom, comprising a plurality of channels of suitable depths disposed at an angle to the line of flow of the stream adjacent the intake of the canal and below the surface of the stream, whereby water 'is taken from the lower portions of the stream into the intake of the canal.

1-7. Means for diverting water from a stream to a canal leading therefrom, comprising a lurality of alternate rid es and channels djisposed at angles to the ines of flow of the stream adjacent the intake of the canal and below the surface of the stream, whereby water is taken from the lower portions of the stream into the intake of the canal, and entry of oatageinto the intake of the canal is prevented.

1 8. Means for making a sub-surface diversion of water ifrom a stream into a canal leading therefrom, whereby water is directed into the canal below the water level while the surface water in the stream and intake to the canal is diverted away from the intake to the canal and on down the main stream; comprising a. plurality of alternatin submerged channels and ridges arra transversely to the stream and exten in toward the intake of the canal; and suita le wing dams adjacent the intake.

19. Means for preventing the entrance of 55 oatage into canals connected with streams, ,consisting in forming in the stream a series of submerged alternating ridges and channels disposed at angles to the How of the main lstream to increase the surface flow of the water at such point past the mouth of the canal and to direct water beneath the surface of the stream into the intake of the canal.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I aix my signature.

BENJAMIN FELAND GROAT.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,314,743, granted September 2,

1919, upon the application of Benjamin Feland Great, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,

for an improvement in Methods of and Means for Controlling the Surface Transportivity o Streams, &c., an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 2, line 114, for the word soilb read spoil; and that the said Let-ters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the cese in the Patent Office.A

Signed and sealed this 7th day of October, A. D., 1919.

{SEAL} M. H. COULSTON,

Acting Commissioner of Patents. Cl. 61-2.

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