US1311487A - benjamin - Google Patents

Description

Patented July 29, I919.

NE R\ 3 3 SHEETSSHEET I.

G. H. BENJAMIN.

TUNNEL KILN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 27,1917.

G. H, BENJAMIN.

TUNNEL KILN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 27. 19x7.

lutm'lted July 29, 19M

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

' a high temperature,

posed to a very high "1% i an TL-KILN.

LSiiiAidi".

Specification of Letters iatent.

Patented July as, rare.

Application filed June 27, 1917. Serial No. 177,212.

To all whom it may concern:

Bev it known that I, Gannon HILLARD BEN- mmirn a citizen of the United States, residmg at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tunnel-Kilns, of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to tunnel kilns of the type especially designed. for the treatment of bath tubs or other apparatus where heat the apparatus to then apply a coating without removing the apparatus from the kiln, and then again heatm to vitriiy the coatin to produce an ename edsurface.

in a l kilns of which i am aware, which have been designed for the purpose the following objections apply.

First: When the apparatus under treatment is moved out-of the chamber where it is preliminarily heated, and into a position where the coating can be applied, the workmen who apply the coating are either extemperature, which is injurious t their health, or the apparatus to so-low a temperature that the coating material which is usually sifted on the apparatus, will not adhere.

Second: When the apparatus under treatment is moved into it is desired to first stated,

the coating position, and no means are provided for closing the preliminary or secondary heating chambers, these chambers are cooled, which not only involves a loss of heat, but frequently produces checking or distortion of the apparatus under treatment in the chambers.

My improved kiln and method of treatment is designed to overcome the objections stated, in that both the preliminary and sec ondary heating chambers are provided with doors which act as closures for the chambers and thus secure the maintenance of fixed temperatures in the chambers and also prevent the heat from the chambers being radiated into the chamber in which the coating operations are carried on. Further, the chamber in which the coating operations are carried on, is ,provided with doors, which prevent the heat from the preliminary and secondary chambers flowing into the coating chamber during the time the apparatus are moved from the prelimina heating chamber into the coating cham r, and out of the coating chamber into the secondary chamber, and also prevent access of external air into the coating chamber from illustrate my improved kiln,

the coating chamber into the preliminary and secondary chambers.

I wish it understood that the doors or closures for the preliminary and secondary chambers and for the coating chamber, may be modified from those shown, both as to construction and method of operation, withopt departing from the intent of my invention.

. The method of operation involved in my improved kiln consists in first heating the apparatus under treatment in the preliminary chamber, to a desired temperature;

then moving the apparatus into the coating chamber and there applying'the coating material without exposing the apparatus to con ditions which would involve a considerable loss of temperature; paratus into the secondary chamber; then heating to a temperature sufficient to melt or fix the coating; 1

The accompanying drawings will serve to in which Figure 1 is a horizontal section.

Fig. 2 is .a vertical section taken on the line 11-11 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section and partial elevation taken substantially on the line III-J11 of Fig. 2

Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on the line VV of Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings. 5 indicates the bod of the kiln. The body of the kiln is divi ed into three chambers. arranged in line-A, the preliminary heating chamber; B, the secondary chamber; C. the coat-- ingi chamber. Located at the front and rear en s of the preliminary and secondary heat ing chambers A and B, are doors D, D. D D These doors are adapted to reciprocate to open and close the chambers by, means of the pistons E, E EQE The coating chamber C is divided into three chambers, the central chamber C and two side chambers C Doors F--F' in pairs, are provided for the purpose of separating the chamber C from the chambers C The doors in the drawing which are shown in full lines, assumes that the chambers C and C are in connection, and in dotted lines assumes that the chambers C and C are separated. The chambe s C are provided with doors G through which access may be had to the chambers .1.

then moving the ap- The truck 8 18 shown as carrying two bath tubs. In the drawings, three trucks, each carrying two bath tubs, are shown as located in the preliminary and in the secondary chambers A and B. a

The means for heating the chambers may be of any construction which is found suitable. That disclosed in the drawings has been made the subject of a prior application and therefore will only be generally described. The heating apparatus, as shown, consists of hot blast stoves 10, 10, 11, 11 arranged'in pairs on opposite sides of the 1 preliminary and second heating chambers.

p of the comply pipe 17 (see Fig, 1)" provided with athe two hot blast These hot, blast stoves are of the usual construction given to such apparatus, and each consists of a combustion chamber, 12, a heating chamber 13, a gas pipe 1 1, an air pipe 15,amixin pipe ustion chamber, a dry air supvalve 1'? also leading into the bottom of the combustion chamber, an exit pipe 18 having two branches, one branch 19 connected to the chimney flue 20, and one branch 21 connected to flues 22 and 31 in the side walls of the chamber 6. A butterfly valve 23, situated in the pipe 18, has for direct the body passing through the hot blast stoves, either through pipe 19 to chimney flue 20 (products of combustion) or where the posljtiomof the valve is shifted, through pipe 21 to flues 22 and 31 in the walls of the kiln (hot air currents).

It will be seen by reference to the drawings '(Fi 1) that when the butterfly valve is in t e position shown, the two hot blast stoves 10 and 11- at the left hand end of the chambers A and B are delivering products of combustion to the chimney flues 20, while stoves 10 and 11 at the right hand end of chambers A and B aredelivering heated air to the flues 22 and 31.

e operation of the hot blast stoves will be readily understood. Gas and air is intro duced through The products of combustion from the chamber 12 pass upward and then downward through the heat' ing chamber 13, and then out through pipes '18 and 19 to chimney flue 20, heating the structure of the heating chamber 13 during their passage. When the heating chamber has been brought to the required temperature, the butterfly valve 23 is shifted, the

gas and air shut ofi through pipes 14, 15 and 16 and yalve 17 in pipe 17 opened, which allows air to enter through the pipe 17. The

16 leading into the bottom through its purpose tov pipes 14, 15 and 16' into the I chamber 12, then burned.

air entering, passes up the combustion chamber 12, down the heating chamber to pipe 18, through pipe 21 to flues 22-31 in the body of the kiln. In order to aid in heating the heating chamber 13, the to of all the hot blast stoves are connected b which are valves 2526. The pipe 24-is also connected through pipes 2728 with combustion chambers 29, 29 30, 30*, located within the body of the kiln. -With the butterfly valve in the position shown in Fig. 1, the valve 25 in pi e 24 will be opened and the valve 26 closed Hence the products of combustion from within the combustion chambers 29, 29 30, .30, will flow through pipe 27 to pipe 2 1-, thence through the heating chamber 13 to chimney flue 20,'the products of combustion aiding to heat the chambers 13.

It is not essential, however, to connect the tops of the hot blast stoves with the chambers 29, 29, 30, 30*, although it is advisable, as advantage is taken of the heat of the products 0 combustion leaving the chambers 29, 29, 30, 30.

The hot dry airdelivered from the hot blast stoves 10, 10*, 11, 11 is introduced into the treating chamber 6. o the kiln, through the flues 22, which deliver the heated air behind the combustion chambers 29, 29 30, 30, and lines 31 located along both sides of the treating chamber, adapted to deliver air into the upper part of the treating chamber ports 32, the construction of which best shown in Fig. 2.

. The chambers 29, 29, 30, 36*, are adapted to be heated by gas and air in combustion, d through branch pipes 3839 connected to pi es lit-15. The products of combustron rom the combustion chambers 29, 29, 3t), 30, are carried oil through pipe 27 to pipe 24, and thence through the path heretofore describe to chimney fiue 20. The hot a1r from the hot blast stoves, passes over the combustion chambers 29, 29, 30, 30, which materially increases the heat of the air in the kiln. Manifestly, chambers such as 29 and 29, may be located anywhere along the length of the chamber B, so as to impart heat to the incoming hot air and determine the temperature of any desired zone in such chambers. I

40 represents a flue leading from the bottom of the treating chamber to the induction orifice of a pump 41. The eduction orifice of the pump 41 is connected to a pipe 42 which discharges into the atmosphere, or may be connected to an apparatus (not shown) suitable. for drying air and to deliver such air to the pipe 17. Apparatus for drying air is now commonly used in hot blast stoves, and lhave not thought it necessaryto illustrate such an apparatus in the present ap lication.

c it is sometimes desirable to introduce have not thought it necessary moisture or a gas into the air currents entering the kiln, I provide the pipe 43 con nected to the flues 21. The moisture or gas introduced into the flues 21, is distributed to the interior oi, the kiln in connection with the heated air, through the flues 22 and 32. By slightl modifying the construction of the kiln, t at is, the position of the fines, controlling valves, etc., they may be arranged to deliver in connection with the air, moisture or gases at one section of the length of the chambers A or B, as for instance the first section, and heated air without additional moisture or gases in the second section, and so on to the end of a chamber. As this is an obvious change in construction,

to illustrate it. The operation of my improved kiln will bereadily understood. Assuming the preliminary chamber A to be empty, and the doors D withdrawn so as to open the left end of the chamber, or entrance, three trucks (any number of trucks may be used, depending upon the length of the chamber) carrying apparatus to be treated, are introduced into the chamber, and the doors-D closed, and heated therein to the desired temperature, the heatin being efi'ected by the hot air from the hotgflast stoves passing through the chamber. It will be understood that the temperature of the air may be that derived from the hot air stoves, or that derived from the hot air stoves supplemented by the additional temperature derived from the combustion chambers 29, 29, 30, 30 within the chambers'A andB.

After the apparatus has been heated to the required temperature, the doors F--F' between chambers and C are closed (position shown in dotted lines) and the doors D opened, and the first truck with the apparatus, advanced into the chamber C, after which the doors D are closed. The doors F-F' are then 0 ened (position shown in full lines) and t e doors G closed. The workmen then enter the chamber C and apthe coating material to the apparatus under treatment by sprinkling or siftin owder thereon, or otherwise, as desire The doors FF are then again closed and the doors D'-D opened, the apparatus which has been treated in the chamber C advanced into the secondary chamber B, at the same time the second truck in chamber A is advanced into the chamber C. The doors D'D are then closed and the general steps as heretofore referred to, repeated.

The apparatus, when introduced into the chamber B is subjected to highly heated air currents, as in chamb of the air currents, however, being sufiicient to melt and set the coating appliedto the apparatus. When the treated apparatus reaches the right hand end of the chamber B, the doors D are opened which allows r cessive zones,

er A, the temperature moval of the treated apparatus from the chamber B. It will be understood that the movements of the trucks and apparatus are successive and progressive longitudinally of the kiln as a whole.

It will be observed that in the preliminary and secondary heating chambers, there are two sets of combustion chambers, 29-29 and 3030 There may be more, depending u on the length of the chambers, or the cham r A may have more combustion chambers than the chamber B, or vice versa. It will be understood that the temperature at zones longitudinal of the chambers, may be increased or decreased over that of sucby operating or not operating certain of the combustion chambers. For instance, assuming it is desired that thetemperature at the right hand end of the preliminary chamber A shall be greater than that at the left hand end. the two combustion chambers 29-29 at the right hand end would be operated while those at the left hand end (30-30 would not be operated. In practice, it is desirable, in kilns of the type indicated, to have the temperature of the preliminary chamber gradually increased from the inlet to the outlet, and the temperature of the secondary chamber gradually decreased from the inlet to the outlet, the purpose being, in the preliminary chamber, to gradually heat the apparatus under treatment, and in the secondary chamber to gradually decrease the heat of the apparatus.

I have stated that the chambers A, B and C are arranged in line, and this is the preferable construction, but it is not essential. If, owing to lack of space, the chambers cannot be arranged in line, the chambers can be otherwisedisposed as regards each other, as for instance, the chambers A and B at right angles, with the chamber C interposed. Such construction would necessitate slightv change in'the shape of the chamber C, but not of the chambers A and B, nor would it in any wise change the functional operation of the chambers, considered sepaiately or as regards each other. I have not illustrated such a construction, those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

as it will be obvious to It will be further understoodithat during terior of the under treatment.

.a preliminary heatin treatment below the point at which the coating material will adhere to the apparatus Further, the apparatus under treatment will not be subjected to cross drafts. In practice it is possible by means of pipe 44: and damper 45 to exhaust the heated air in d introduce fresh air for the comfort of e workmen, without materially altering the temperature of the apparatus during the time the coating material is being applied.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a kiln structure, the combination of a preliminary heating chamber, a secondary heating chamber and an interposed closed coating chamber.

2. In a kiln structure, the combination of a preliminary heating chamber, a secondary heating chamber, means for heating said chambers, an interposed closed coating chamber, and means for-separating the incoating chamber from the interior of the preliminary and secondary heating chambers, during the time the coating operations are carried -.on. I

3. Ina kil a. preliminary heating. chamber, a secondary heating chamber, means for opening and-closing the outlets and inlets of said chambers, a coating chamber introduced between said for dividing said coating chamber into three chambers during the time the coating cham her is in communication with the interior of either the preliminary or secondary heating chamber.

4.. In a kiln structure, the combination of g chamber, a secondary heating chamber, means for heating-the interior of said chambers'to a different temperature along seetions of the length of said chambers and a coating chamber interposed betwe 11 said first name-d chambers.

5. I a kiln structure, the combination of a preliminary heating chamber a secondary heating chamber, means for, heating said chambers located exterior to said chambers, means for adding to the heat of said chambars located in the interior. of said chambers, and a coating chamber located intermediate of said preliminary and secondary heating chambers.

6. Ina kiln structure, the combination oi" a preliminary the chambers C and- (3 .let and outlet ary heating chamber,

n structure, the combination. of,

first namedchambers and means may be brought into heating chamber, a secondary heating chamber, doors arranged at the inlet and outlet of said chambers, means for removing said doors, and a closed coating chamber located intermediate of said heating chambers.

7. In a, kiln structure, the combination of a preliminary heating chamber, a secondary heating chamber, doors arranged at the inof said chambers, means for removing said doors, a coating chamber located intermediate of said heating-chambers and said coating chamber divided into three chambers, together with doors interposed getween the divisions of the coating chamer.

8. In a kiln structure, the combination of a preliminary heating chamber, asecond an interposed closed coating chamber, track rails in said chambers, trucks mounted on said trackways and adapted to carry the apparatus to be treated, together with means whereby the various chambers may be brought into communication or separated, as desired.

9. In a kiln structure, the combination of a preliminary heating chamber, a secondary heating chamber, a coating chamber divided into three chambers or sections, one section having its longitudinal axis in line with the longitudinal axis of the heating chambers,- and the other two sections disposed substantogether with means heating chambers,

and coatlng chambers whereby the heating lation.

or out of operative ref 10. A kiln, consisting of a singiestruc- I ture, divided into three normally closed chambers, i. e., a reliminary heating chamher, a coating c amber, and a secondary heating chamber.

lLfA kiln formed as an integral structure and divided longitudinally into three normally closed chambers arranged in line, the first chamber being a preliminary heating chamber, the second a coating chamber, and the third a secondary heating chamber.

In testimonywhereof, I aflix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE 'HILLARD BENJAMIN.

Witnesses:

HELEN E. HoELsoH, LESTER BEARDSLEY.-

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