US1311264A - Oscillation-generatqr - Google Patents

Description

L. DEFOREST.' OSCILLATON GENERATOR. l APPLICATION'FILED SEPTA. |915. 1,3 1 1,264, n Patented July 29, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

LDB FOREST; OSCILLATION GENERATOR.

. l Patented July 29, 1919.

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L. DE FOREST. OSCILLATION GENERATOR. APPLICATION FILED SEPTA. I9I5.

Patented July 29, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEE ma FOREST, F SPUYTEN DUYVIL, NEW YORK, ASSIONOR TO DE FOREST RADIO TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

OSCILLATION-GENERA'TOR.

Patented July 29, 1919.

Application led September 4, 1915. Serial No. 48,948.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, LEE mi FOREST, a citi- Y i zen '.ofl the United States, residing at Spuyten Duyvil, in the county ofBronX, State of `New York, have made a certain new and useful Inventionl in Oscillation-Generators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to oscillation en- I erators of the normally oscillating au ion y methods, which are simple and eiicient andtype whichl will designate oscillions.

The object of the invention is to pro` vide apparatus, circuit arrangements and wherein the oscillation energy generated in the devices of the type referred to is greatly increased, altered or varied.

Other objects of the invention will be more fully hereinafter set forth.

The invention consists substantially in the construction, combination, arrangement and mode of operation, all as will be morel fully hereinafter set forth, as shown in the accoml panying drawings, and finally pointed out in the appended claims. v

`Referring to the drawings Figures l to l0 are circuit diagrams showa hot electrode and two cold electrodesyone interposed between the hot electrode and the other, or, in other words, placed at relatively different distances from the hot electrode.

Ihave found that in radio telephone and telegraph transmitter generators ofthe oscillation type, that is, of the oscillating audion type in which electrode elements are sealed within a closed vessel, the amount of oscillating energy generated may be greatly increased altered, or varied by impressing, in accordance with the signals to be transmitted, relatively small, slowly changing differences fof potential upon electrode ele-V ments sealed within the closed vessel. These electrodes' upon which the relatively small and slowly changing potentials are impressed may be the same as thoseemployed or concerned in the high` frequency generatf ing system, or they may be independent of 4hausted of air, orpartiall manner.

generated high frequency oscillation.

the oscillating circuit electrodes, or somemay be independent Vand othersthe same electrodes employed inthe high frequency generation.

t In the circuit diagram of Fig. l 'I havel shown an oscillion employing a closed vessel 1, which, preferably, is evacuated or eX- so, with the wing or cold plate electro e2, 2, the filament or hot electrode 5, and the grid electrode 3, 3, sealed therein in thel customary In practice the grid electrode is interposed between the plate and filament, though I do not wish to limit myself in this respect.

Where two wing or plate and two grid electrodes are employed, as in the example shown for illustrative purposes, the best, but not the only permissible arrangement, is to locate a grid element between each plate and the filament. r

The plate and grid elementsor electrode are connected to the oscillating circuit 21, l 11, 10, in the usual way, 21 being the stopping condenser, l1, an inductance-in this case the primary winding of an oscillation transformer through which said oscillating circuit is associated with a working circuit, and 10 a condenser, preferably adjustable, in parallel with the inductance. It is to be understood that the oscillating circuit may be associated in any usual and well known manner with the working circuit, the inductive or two-coil transformer coupling being selected as merely illustrative of the principles involved. The working circuit ymay be of any desired character for utilization of Ithe 4or illustrative purposes I have shown this cir-f c'uit-as a radiating antenna earth circuit containing the aerial 13, the secondary 12 of the transformer or othercoupllng to the oscillating` circuit, and the earth connectiom'or other counterpoise indicated at 14.

In the arrangement shown wherein a plurality of plate and grid electrodes 2, 3, are employed, the plate .electrodes are arranged in parallel in a circuit which includes the positive terminal of a suitable current source 8, preferably, though notnecessarily, a -direct current generator of from 509 to 1500' volts.v Thiscircuiticonnection also includes the impedance or resistance 9, through which the source 8 delivers its current to the' plate electrodes. Thev negative terminal of the current source is connected to one side of the lilament circuit which circuit also contains a current source 6 for heating the lilament and a regulating or controlling resistance 7 for controlling the heating current supply to the filament.

In accordance with my invention 'I propose to control the intensity of the high frequency oscillation energy generated in the apparatus and circuit arrangement above described, by and in accordance with the signals to be transmitted. This result ,may be accomplished in a variety of ways. In one embodiment of the idea I employ an auxiliary or independent electrode 4, which is also sealed in the vessel 1 and suitably associated with the signal producing element in a circuit the current supply in which is varied according to the signals to be` sent. The auxiliary or control electrode may have any suitable or desired location within the vessel 1 and if independent of the oscillion electrodes may bear any desired relation with reference thereto. In the form shown in Fig. 1, where two plate and twogrid electrodes are used, I also employ two auxiliary or independent, or what'I shall call control electrodes', one located between the plate and grid electrodes on one side of the filament and one between the plate and grid electrodes on the other`side of the -lament. As'above stated, however, my invention is not to be limited or restricted to this relation and arrangement. Where the two control electrodes are employed, as shown in Fig. 1, they are connected in parallel to each other in a circuit which includes in series therein the filament 5. This circuit is associated with the signal producing means,

shown in this instance, and for illustrative y purposes, as a microphone 18. The circuit Y of the microphone contains the usual battery or other current source 17, and may be associated with the circuit of the control electrode or electrodes in any desired or well known manner. A simple arrangement is shown wherein an inductive couplin is secured Athrough the coils 15 and 16 1n said respective circuits. If desired a condenser 19 of relatively large capaci-ty is includedin the circuit of the control electrodes.

lIt will be seen .that by the arrangement described changes of potential varying in accordance with the signals to 4be transmitted are impressed upon the auxiliary or control electrodes and the filament, and

Iso'

where the microphone is employed asthe signal producing device, the potential variations impressed upon they control electrodes and filament, respectively are voice controlled.

I haveI discovered that when potential variations are thus impressed upon the elements in the vessel, corresponding but greatly ampliedalteration in the ampliiineea In Fig. 2, I have shown a slightly modi-y fied arrangement wherein a single plate 2, and a Single grld Bare used, and wherem the control electrode 1s 1n the form of two members 4ta, having intermeshing fingers vand respectively connected to the terminals of the coil 15. In other respects the vcircuit connections of the various elements remain the same as abovedescribed with reference to Fig. 1.

Another .arrangement embodying the prin- 7" ciples of my invention is shown in Fig. 3, 1n which the worlrlng circuit '1s omitted. In this arrangement, however, the control electrodes 4, 4, are located between the grid elec- A trodes 3 and the filament 5. The two control electrodes are respectively connected to the terminals of the coil 15, as in Fig. 2, but the central orneutral point of this coil is connected to one s ide oi the filament circuit. In this manner a positive potential is impressed upon one of the control electrodes 4 at the same time a negative potential is impressed upon the other of said control electrodes, by

the operation of the signal producing device, while normally a constant potential is equally impressed upon both of said electrodes, which may be that of one of the terminals of the filament, preferably the negative terminal, or the constant potential normally supplied to both control electrodes may be derived from a battery or other current source indicated at 30. By thus varying the normal potential of the control electrodes in correspondence with the signals to be transmitted, and in conformity with conditions obtaining in 'the vessel 1, the eli'ectiyeness of the ampllfication of the generated increased. Thus, where the oscillation is a large one operatlng energetically Linder high impressed potentials between the electrodes ,-2, 2, and 5, it is advantageous-to increase the constant potential impressed upon the con- )trol electrodes, and this can/.be accomplished by employing the additional source of po` tential 30.

In Fig. 4 I have` shown another arrangetion wherein; is employed what may be independent electrodes. 1 In this arrangement a grid .3 is connectedl through the high frequency oscillations is very greatly ment Vembodying the principles of my inven- .termed a double or compound oscillion with oscillating circuit 21,11, 10, to the wing or.

plate 2, but with the grid 3 located within Viating Circuits 21, 11; 10, and 21A, 11A, and 10A,

are ordinarily tuned alike through the condensers 21, and 21A, and said circuits are respectively associated with the working circuit. Thisl association may be accomplished 1 in any suitable or convenient manner, as,

for example, inductively through the Windings 12, 12A, which may be arranged in series in the working circuit, such as `the antenna earth circuit 13, 14. A direct cur# rent of high voltage is supplied to each plate electrode 2, 2A, as, for example, from the sources 8, 8A, through the impedance or choke coils 9, 9A, the positive terminals of the current sources 8, 8A, lbeing connected to the plates 2, 2A; This arrangement of double or compound oscillion I have -found in practice to be highly-.eicient in the generation of high frequency oscillations. While I have shown two independent sources 8, 8A, of di# rect current'supply for the plates 2, 2A, independent sources are not essential though preferable, .In the operation of the compound osc1ll1on arrangement oshown oscillations in one oscillating circuit react fromA its associated pair of electrodes, through the other pair of electrodes'to the oscillatingcircuit containing the latter, with the result that a more energetic oscillation generation ltakes place in each oscillating circuit than would be the Vcase if the other circuit is omitted. 'In other words the presence of one of said oscillating circuits with its associated electrodes in the relation explained increases the generating action of the other oscillatin circuit withv lts association and relation o electrodes, the'combined and increased eliect of the two sets'of oscillations, the circuits being in `.tune with eachother, being obtained in the working. circuit.

, In Fig. 5 I have shown a slightly modified arrangement of the compound oscillion, but having the same mode of operation. In this arrangement each grid 3, 3A, is juxtaposed withreference to the late 2, 2A, of its own oscillating circuit, an withinthe iniuence of its own associatedplate and the filament. In this arrangement I have also shown a common source of high voltage direct current 8 for the two plate electrodes-2, 2A, but with a separate choke coil or impedance in each lead from the common source 8, as indicated iat 9, 9^. The mode of operation of this arrangement is the same as-hereinbefore described. Oscillations in one oscillating eircuit react from one pair of electrodes to the other pair upon the other oscillating circuit, and the combined effect of the two sets of yoscillations is obtained inthe load circuit In Fig. 6, I have shown two oscillation generators similar to the one shown in Fig.

l, each containing the auxiliary `electrodes v Llhe wingelectrodes 2, 2A, 'of these two oscillations are supplied with currentLpreferably of high 'voltage and direct current such as from source 8, andtheir two filaments 5 and 5A in series with the common 'heating battery 6, controlled by the common rheost-at 7. The two control electrodes 4, 4A, are connected to a common secondary coil 15, of a transformer of the signal circuit, so that positive potential is impressed on one system while negative potential is impressed on--the other. The neutral or center point of the coil 15, may be connected to the common filavment lead 36, and a constant potential may be impressed Iupon each control electrode through a battery 30 if desired, but ymy invention is not to be limited in this respect.

In` Fig. 7, I have shown two oscillions l and 1A., the filaments of which are connected in parallel to a common heati'n battery 6. rfhe wing and grid electrodeso 1 arevconnected to the, oscillation circuit 10, 11, 21, in the manner hereinbefore described, while the wing and grid electrodes of l1A are con# nected to the oscillation circuit 10A, 11A,and

21A, the two coils 11 and 11A of the respective above named circuits, being inductively associated with a common radiating' or load system 13, 14. In this arrangement I proy pose to employ a high resistance leak path indicated at 41 and 41A, respectlvely connecting the grids 3, 3, and 3A, 3A, to one of the common'ilament battery terminals.

The grids of each oscillion are connected through choke coils 40 and 40A, and condensers 42 and 42A, respectively, to one terminal ofthe secondary winding of the transformer 15, the primary of which is included in the signal device circuit in the usualmanner.` The wing electrodes of the two oscillions arey supplied through impedance coils 9 and 9A, with electromotive force from a'sou'rce of high voltage, such as a direct currentn generator indicated at 8.

When this arrangement is to be used for l radio telegraphy, I prefer to insert a signal-v ing key or switch 49 in the common grid. lead, and, in this case, to omit the stopping condensers 42 and 42A, so that the grid electrodes may be given the potential of one leg of 'the filament, or insulated therefrom in accordance with the telegraphic operation of the key or switch, that is, in accordf ancel with the signals to besent. I may also introduce asource of electromotive force in the common grid leads referred to, 1n series with key 49, so as to impress a larger negative potential upon the grid electrodes. F or," telegraphing purposes the high voltage source 8 may be an alternating current supply, preferably one of 1000 or 2000 c cles frequency, in which case I obtain or every completecycle one sustained train of radiated waves during the halll .cycles in which the potential of the wing or plate velectrodes areunade positive. Y

In Fig. 8 is shown 'an arrangement wherein the high frequency energy output of a large oscillion 100, associated inductively or otherwise, as through transformer coils 11,12, with a radiating antenna system- 13, 12, 14, is controlled by sound waves which are utilized to generate corresponding undulatory currents which currents are amplified and finally delivered to the'oscillion 100. In this Varrangement a device operated 'by and in accordance with'sound waves, for

4 instance a microphone 18 is'included in a circuit Acontaining a current source 17,l and associated "in suitable manner, as, for eX- ample, through the transformers 1'6, 15, 15A, with the grid electrodes 3, 3A, of the audion ampliliersr1, 1^. Theioutput circuits of the amplifiers which contain the plate and fila- o ment electrodes 2, 5, 2A, 5A, are in turn, connected to the primary. or transformer coils 50, 53, respectively. Each of these coils is associated with two independent secondary coils,

the secondary coils 51, 52, being associated 'c plied. with heating current `from any con venient source. A current source 6 is shown for the purpose. By this arrangement I am enabled to control very large' telephon-'ib currents with anl ordinary microphone Without danger-of burning out orfinjuring the microphone throu vwith no lag or distortion. The combined eect of these powerful telephonie currents, all of which are in perfectphase relation with each other provided the impedance characteristics of the various audions and circuits connected thereto4 are made alike, is

Adelivered through secondary couplings 61', 63, 65, 67, connected u in parallel relation, to the common terminals 69, 79, one of which, say terminal 69, is connected to the control electrodes 4 of an oscillion 100. If desired, though not necessarily, a choke coil 5 4Q may be included in this connection. The

h excessive current, and

Larnaca other terminal 79 may be connectedto the filament system of 4the oscillion 100, as indicated'in dotted lines at 57, or it may be connected to earth or other large capacity, as indicated at 58. The oscillion 100 is provided with -the usual plate and grid electrodes 92, 93,'and filament 95, the circuit of the 'latter being supplied from current source 96, controlled by rheostat 97, while a'source 8 of direct current of high voltage is connected at one terminal through imstem, and at the. other terminal'to one si e of the filament pedance 9 to the plate circuit. The grid and plate electrodes 93, 92, are connected to the oscillating circuit 21, 10, 11, which is associated in the manner before -described with the working cir- @ uit 13,12,14.

By this arrangement I have found 'it possible to deliver and control vvery vlarge' amounts of energy, or radiated energy if the working circuit is an aerlal-earth system,

and in -perfect consonance with the most [j delicate variations of the small microphone currents in the original sound-wave; controlled circuit.

Instead of combining the magnified telephonic currents from the out-put circuits of lthe audion amplifiers-1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, as just' so combined, to control one described,into one common circuit and using such currents, oscillion, it is to -be understood that the method employedin Fig. 7, may be used.

That is to say the out-put circuit of each'` amplifier 13,10, 1D, 1E, or any-'group thereof, may be connected to a separate oscillion and then these separate oscillions coupled up to one common radiating system or circuit. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 9 where only the coupling connections 60, 62, 64:, of the amplifier circuitsas described in connection with the arrangement of Fig. 8, or other sources of tele honic currents, are

shown. Associated wit the couplings 60, 62, 64,' are the coupling connections 61, 63, 65, one terminal of each of which is led through a telephone condenser'42, 42A, 42B,

. and choke coil 40, 40A, 40B, to the grid electrode 3, 3A, 3B, of the oscillions 1, 1A, 1B,"respectively.

The'other terminals of thel connections 61, 63, 65, are connected to the common circuit of the filaments 5, 5A, 5F, of the oscillators, which common circuit, includes the usual source 6, of heating current and the control resistance 7. I have here shown the wing electrodes 2, 2^, 2B, ofthe oscilla. o

tors as supplied from a common source 8 of direct current of high voltage, through separate impedances 9, 9^, 9B, althoughit is to be" vunderstood that other of the above described arrangements may be employed in this connection.

The -output orA oscillating circuits 21, 10,

11,21A,10A, 11132113, 10B, i12, of the oscillators are associated, inductively or otherwise,

with a common load, working, or radiating I circuit.' Inductivelassociation is shown as an illustrativearrangement, through the coils 11, 12,11% 12A; 11B, 12R.

Itwill be understood thatl many otherl specie arrangements, associations, and connections for accomplishing the objects and purposes above setlforth, and for carrying my invention into'practical operation, might readily suggest themselves to persons skilled in theart without departure from the spirit and, scope of `my invention. In its broad scope, therefore, as defined in the claims, I

do not wish to be limited or restrictedto any particular arrangement shown or described.

But having now setforth the objects and naturel of my invention, and various arrangements' andrmethods `of .carrying the same into practical operationfwhatl claim as new and useful, andI of myown invention,

V and desireto secure; by Letters Patent, is

1. A source of electrical oscillating energy including an exhausted vessel'containing one e hot and lthree cold electrodes, each of said cold `electrodes being located at a relatively different distance from said hot electrode, a work circuit, and means to transmit the generated oscillations to said work circuit comprising circuits associated with `said 'elec-` -trodes tively dilerent Adistance `fromsaid hot eleccold electrodes `"being located. at a relatively 5.` Asource 'off electrical oscillating energy including an exhausted vessel containing onedifferent, distancearrom said hot electrode, the hot electrodel andfone coldeleetrode being electrically 'connectedand the other two co d electrodes beingv electrically connected to ther, aworkcircuit, and meansto trans` miithe igeneratedoscillations to said work circuit', comprising circuits` associated with said electrodes;

4; A source of electrical :oscillating energy including an exhausted vessel containing hot and cold electrodesfand a control electrode therefor,l each of saidzcold electrodes beingv located at a. relatively differenti distance from said hot electrode, the hotelectrode and one -cold electrode being connected together and the other -9 cold l' electrode wand` said l control electrode being connected together, a work circuit, and means to transmit the generated oscillations 'to said workgcircuit.'

urce;ofelectrical'oscillating energy 'including an lei'zhausted vessel containing one hot andthree cold electrodes, each of `said l i including anexhausted vessel containing cold electrodes being located at a relatively different distance from said hot electrode,

and an oscillating circuit connecting two of said electrodes, circuits for the reinainigelectrodes, a work circuit, and means to transmit the generatedoscillations to said work circuit com risingcircuits associated with all of. said electrodes. j

6. A source of electrical oscillating energy including an exhausted vessel containing one hot and three lcold electrodes, each of said cold. electrodes being locatedat a relatively different distance from said hot electrode,

and a' signal controlled circuit connecting two of said electrodes, a work circuit, and

means for transmitting thegenerated oscillationsto said work circuit comprising circuits associated with Aall of said electrodes.

7 A source of electrical oscillating energy including an exhausted .vessel containing one hot and three cold electrodes, each of said coldelectrodes 'being located ata relatively i different distance from said hot electrode, an oscillating circuit connecting two of said electrodes and a' signal controlled circuit connecting the other two of said electrodes, a work circu1t,.and means for transmitting the generated oscillations to said work circuit. `8. source of electrical oscillating energy including an exhausted vessel containing hot -and cold electrodes and a control electrode therefor, each of said cold electrodes and ,f

said control electrode .being located at a relatively dilferent distance from said hot electrodes, and a signal controlled circuit connecting said control electrode with said hot electrode, a work circuit, and means for transmitting the generated oscillations to said work circuit comprising circuits associated with all of. said electrodes.

9. A source of electrical oscillating energy hot and` cold'electrodes, .and a control electrode therefor, each of said coldn electrodes andsaid control electrode being located at -j a relatively different distance froml said hot l electrode', and an oscillating circuit connecta orgy iIlCllldn an exhausted vessel contain- Vnig a hot an two cold electrodes, a control electrode interposed between said cold electrodes-,each of said cold electrodes and said f control electrode being located at a relativelydifferent distance from said hot electrode,`a

work circuit, and means for transmitting `the `generated oscillations to said work circuit comprising circuits associated with all ofysaidelectrodes. 11.- A source of electrical oscillating en- @gy `including en exhausted vessel contain4 ing hot and cold electrodes, each of said .cold electrodes being located at a relatively different distance from said hot electrode, and a control electrode therefor, a signal controlled circuit connecting said control electrode and said hot electrode, and an oscillating circuit connecting said cold electrode, a work circuit, and means for transmitting the generated oscillations to saidv work circuit.

12. An oscillator comprising an exhausted vessel containing a hot electrode and three cold electrodes, each of said cold electrodes Abeing located at a relatively different dis-- tance from said hot electrode, an oscillating circuit connecting two of said cold electrodes, and a signal controlled circuit associated with the other of said electrodes, a

work circuit, and means to transmit the oscillations generated to said work circuit.

13. An oscillator comprising aV hot electrode, two coldv electrodes, and a control electrode, each of said cold electrodes and said control electrode being located at a relatively different distance from said hot electrode, an oscillating circuit connecting one of said cold electrodes and said control electrode, and a signal controlled circuit associated with the other of said cold electrodes, a work circuit, and means to transmit the oscillations generated to said work circuit.

14. An oscillator comprising a hot electrode, two cold electrodes, and a control electrode, each of said cold electrodes and said control electrode lbeing locatedat a relatively diii'erent distance from said hot electrode, a series oscillating circuit connecting one'of said cold electrodes and said control electrode, and a signal controlled circuit associated ,with the other of said cold cle'ctrodes through a transformer.

15. A plurality of oscillions each including two cold electrodes sealed therein and connected to oscillating circuits, a third cold electrode alsosealed 'Within each of said f oscillions and connected to a common signaling circuit.

16. A plurality of oscillions each including two cold electrodes sealed therein and connected to oscillating circuits, a third cold electrode also sealed 'within each of said oscillions and connected to a voice controlled.

circuit.

17. Ai plurality of oscillions each includving a hot electrode and three separate cold electrodes' sealed therein, and a common source lof current supply for said hot electrodes, a work circuit, and means for transmitting the generated oscillations to said work circuit comprising circuits associated with said electrodes.

18. -A plurality of oscillions each includ` ing a hot electrode and three separate cold electrodes sealed therein, und a common trodes, each of .said cold electrodes being connected to an oscillating circuit, a work source of current supply for saidhot elec- Y circuit, and means for transmitting the 20. A plurality of oscillions,\- each including a hot electrode and a-plurality of cold electrodes sealed therein, and 'a common source of current supply for said hot electrede, each of said cold electrodes. bein connected to a series oscillating circuit, an a control electrode separate from the other electrodes of. said oscillion also included in each of said oscillions, said control electrodes being connected to a. signaling circuit.

21. A-plurality of oscillions each including a hot electrode and a plurality of cold electrodes sealed therein, and a common source of current suppl for said liot electrodes, each of said co d electrodes bein connected to a series oscillating circuit, an an independent control electrode separate from the other electrodes of said oscillion also included in each of said oscillions, said control electrodes being connected to a common signaling circuit.

22. In a radio telephone system, an oscillion comprisino' an evacuated vessel containing a hot andD three or more sets of cold electrodes, a plurality of audion amplifiers associated therewith tocontrol the oscillat' ing energy generated thereby and voice c0111- v Y trolled means for controlling said plurality of audion amplifiers.

23.V lila radio telephone system, a plurality of audionampliers connected in parallel, voice controlled means for controlling said audion amplifiers, and an oscillion comprisin an evacuated vessel containing a hot and t iree or more sets of cold electrodes controlled by' each f said audion amplifiers.

24. In a radio telephone ystem, an oscillion comprising an evacua vessel containing a hot and three or more sets of cold electrodes, a plurality of audions associated therewith, the output ciu'rents of said audions controlling the energyv generated .by said oscillion, and sound controlled means for controlling said plurality of audions.

25. In a radio telephone system, a plural` ity of audions connected in arallel, sound controlled means ,for contro the intake circuits of said audions, and an oscillion comprising an evacuated vessel containing a hot and three or more Vsets of cold electrodes controlled by the output circuits of said audions.

26. In a radio telephone system, a plurality of audions connected in parallel, sound controlled means for controlling the intake circuits of said; audions, and an oscillion comprising an evacuated vessel containing a hot and three or lmore sets of cold electrodes controlled by the output circuit of each of said audions.

27. a radio telephone system, an oscillion comprising an evacuated vessel containing a hot and three or more sets of cold elec- `trodes, an audion associated therewith to control the oscillating energy generated thereby, and voice controlled means for condion, sound controlled means for controlling the intake circuit of saidaudion, and an oscillion comprising an evacuated vessel containing a hot and three or more -sets of cold electrodes controlled by the output circuit of said audion. c Y

30. In a radio signaling system, an oscillion comprising an evacuated vessel containing ahot and three or more sets of cold electrodes, a plurality of -audion amplifiers,

' associated therewith to control the oscillatcontrolle means for controlling said plural-V ing ener generated thereby,and signal ity of audion amplifiers.

31. In a radio signaling system, a pluralityof audion am iers connected in paralv prisin lel, signal contro led means fJor controlling said audion amplifiers, and an oscillion comcan evacuated vessel containing a hot an three or more setsl of cold electrodes controlled by each of said audion amplifiers. 5o 132,.In a radio signaling system, an oscillion comprising an evacuated vessel containing a hot and three or more sets of cold electrodes, a plurality of audions associated therewith, the out-put currents of said audions controlling the oscillating energy generated by said oscillion, and signal controlled means for controlling said plurality of audions. Y l

33. In a radio signaling system, a plurality of audions connected inv parallel, signal controlled means for controlling the intake v circuits of said audions, and an oscillion comprising lan evacuated vessel containing a hot and three ,or more sets of cold electr es controlled by the output circuits of sai audions.

34. In a radio signaling system, a plurality of audions connected in'parallel, signal controlled means for controlling .the intake `circuits of said audions, and an oscillion comprising an evacuated vessel containing a hot and three or more sets of cold electrodes controlled by the output circuit of each of saidaudions. v

35. An evacuated vessel containing a filament electrode and a cold electrode, a second cold electrode located between the filament and the first cold electrode, and a third cold u electrode/located between the filament and the second cold electrode.

v 36. A n evacuated vessel containing va filament electrode and a plate electrode a grid electrode interposed etween the lament and the plate electrode, and a second grid electrode interposed between the first grid electrode land the filament.

37. An evacuated vessel containing a fila-Wy ment electrode, a pair of plate electrodes located on opposite sides of said filament electrode, a pair of grid electrodes located on opposite sides of said filament electrode andv interposed between the lament and the plate electrode, a second pair of grld electrodes located on opposite-sides of said filament electrodel and interposed between the first pair of grid electrodes and the filament.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of August, A. D.,

LEE DE' FOREST.

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