US1309213A - Planoouai - Google Patents

Description

R. W'. MENK.

KILN FURNACE.

APPucAnoN HLED Amma. 191s.

Patented July 8, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

'ma coLuMlA PLANoGn/mn co., WASHINGTON. D. c.

R. W. MENK.

KILU FURNACE.

APPucAUoM FILED Aue.2s. 191B.

l ,309,2 1 3, Patented July 8, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

)UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLPH. W. MENK, GF JOLIET, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE EXCELSIOR STEEL FURNACE COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

KEN-FURNACE.

Application filed August 28, 1918,

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, RUDOLPH W. MENK, a citizen of the United States, and a resident ofthe city of Joliet, in the county of Will and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kiln-Furnaces, of which the following is a specication.

My invention relates to brick kilns and more particularly to the construction of the furnace or burner employed in connection therewith.

In structures of this type, it is usually the practice to produce and maintain in the kiln a sufficient temperature in order to thoroughly bake the bricks. In the ordinary type of furnace', it has been the practice to provide grate bars onto which fuel is fed which burns lin the manner of the ordinary updraft furnace. It will he appreciated that a considerable loss of heat units is occasioned by such a structure as there is a considerable quantity of volatile combustible matter which is liberated upon the heating of the fuel before the volatile matter reaches a temperature at which combustion takes place and which therefore passes away without combustion and without producing any heat. This requires the consumption of considerably more fuel than is necessary in a furnace of the type I have designed. It might be here stated that I employ the principles of a down draft furnace or heater, thereby causing the given olf gases to be carried through the burning fueland consumed therein so that a greater portion, if not all of the heat units are developed. In attempting to operate structures of this kind upon the down draft principle, serious obstacles have been met which have been difficult to overcome, the chief of which is the burning out of the grates and other portions of the structure, owing to the intense heat. It is therefore an object of my invention to provide a brick kiln furnace that is operated upon the down draft principle and which is so constructed that the burning out of the parts is ohviated to a more or less extent, and at the same time provide in such a structure an arch or bridge that may be readily replaced in the vent such contingency arises. It has also been found in furnaces that, after the temperature of the fuel is raised, thereA is a material expansion in the body of the fuel Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July S, 1919.

serial No. 251,751.

which causes the fuel to become jammed and clogged between the vertical walls of the furnace which interferes with the feeding of the fuel by gravity, the passage of a suitable amount of air therethrough to provide the requisite draft therethrough, and frequently causes the formation of a solid bridge or wall above the hot mass of fuel which is ditlicult to break down and unless it receives attention at the proper time, interferes with the economical functioning of the furnace. In the designing of my present furnace, IV have taken care of this contingency by the provision of a removable iire-boX or furnace liner the interior surfaces whereof are inclined outwardly and downwardly which affords room for the eXpa-iision of the fuel as it becomes heated, so that the jamming thereof and the formation of the fuel bridge above referred to are prevented. This liner is also vertically corrugated which materially assists in maintaining a suitable draft. I also provide a structure that is novel in construction, simple in operation and extremely inexpensive and economical to manufacture and operate, and which at the same time is easily repaired or parts replaced, without having to shut down the entire kiln or disturb the other furnaces.

I prefer to accomplish the divers objects of my invention by substantially t-he means and in the manner hereinafter described and ag pointed out in the claims, reference 'being had now to the accompanying drawings that form a part of this specification, in which,-

Figure l is a longitudinal, vertical section of a furnace for a brick kiln, showing the wallsV of the kiln in fragmentary section and my improvements installed therein.

Fig. 2 is a vertical elevation taken on line Q of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an arch that I prefer to employ.

Referring to the drawings wherein the same reference characters designate like parte throughout the views, it will be observed that A designates the exterior kiln wall that is usually circular in outline and of a height in proportion to the size and shape of the kiln for which it is designed. This kiln wall ik, at the place for the loca-V tion of the furnace, is pierced te provide an opening E of a suitable height for the installation of the grates and arch hereafter to be described.

Back of the opening E in the kiln wall is an interior or baffle wall B that extends to approximately the same height or a little lower than the exterior wall,` for the purpose of directing the heat to and adjacent the dome C of the kiln.

The furnace comprises horizontal grate bars 5 that are supported at their inner ends on cross bar 6 secured to the vertical inner wall B and said grate bars extend to and slightly in front of t-he inside surface of the exterior wall A and are supported on a suitable transverse member F mounted in the kiln wall transversely of the opening E. These grates are preferably of the rocker type and are provided with a shaker bar 5a that extends forwardly from the outer end of one of the grate bars to or through the casing of the furnace, so that these inner grates may be shaken to remove the ashes from the same into the ash-pit. An ash-pit D is provided below the grate bars 5 and extends through the kiln wall A into the lower portion of the furnace and access is had to this ash-pit through the usual ash-pit opening in the front wall 8 of the furnace that is closed by a suitable door 7.

The furnace comprises a vertical wall or shell S, in which the ash-pit opening and door 7 are provided, and is also provided with a suitable top 9 of a dome-shape or inclined as shown, in which is a fuel or draft door 10. A counter balance chain 11 and weight 11ZL are connected with this door 10 so that the latter may be adjusted to divers positions in order to provide suitable draft. Inclined grate bars 12 extend upwardly and outwardly from the outer ends of the grate bars 5 to and are secured to the exterior wall 8 of the furnace, as shown, and the top of the opening E, heretofore mentioned, in the kiln wall A, is bridged by an arch of peculiar and special construction.

The sides of the opening E are provided with shelves 13, upon which the arch is mounted and said arch preferably comprises a block of fire brick or the like, 14. Suitable supporting legs 15 are provided at each end of the brick 14, and the space intermediate said legs is arched, as shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings. Ihe front of the arch brick is provided with an upstanding portion 16, that extends longitudinally thereof in order to protect the outer surface of the kiln wall A, as shown in Fig. 1, and the main body portion 17 affords a. platform that extends beneath the wall A of the kiln above the opening E and affords protection thereto. The transverse sectional form of the brick forming the arch is of the particular shape shown in Figs. 1 and 3 and is provided with transverse vertical ribs 1S that afford suitable draft passages when the fuel is banked against them in the usual manner. rlhe front corrugated surface of the arch brick is inclined downwardly and rearwardly as shown.

Similar bricks 142l and 14b are positioned within the furnace as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 so as to extend forwardly from the ends of the arch brick 14 to the front wall of the furnace casing and thereby provide above the fuel holding grates a chamber of downwardly increasing capacity whereby thejexpansion of the fuel is provided for and the formation of fuel bridges is prevented.

In Fig. 1 I have shown the manner of firing the kiln above described, wherein it will be observed that after the fire has been started, the burning fuel is pushed back upon the grates 5 and the new fuel is added through the draft door 10 and the fuel door 19 in the front of the furnace, until the fuel has been piled up and covers the arch. The doors 19 and 7 are kept closed'and the draft door 10 is opened in order to permit of a down draft through the fuel. As the fuel in the furnace chamber in front of the kiln wall A becomes heated and then ignited, the smoke and volatile gases from the fuel will pass through the burning fuel on the grate bars 5 and be consumed and develop heat units, passing up into the kiln in the usual manner. As fast as the fuel in the outside chamber of the furnace is consum-ed, the ashes from the burned fuel on grates 5 are shaken down into the ash-pit, the hot coals on the grates 12 are pushed back to take their places on the grate 5, and fresh fuel is added, in the manner above described. In the event the arch should burn out from any one of the series of furnaces about a single kiln, the particular furnace thus disabled may be cooled by dropping the coals into the ash-pit and then the arch bar 14 may be removed and a new one replaced and that furnace started again.V This will enable the remaining furnaces to be continued in use without materially affecting the operation ofthe kiln.

I have herein illustrated a specic manner of carrying out my invention, but I desire it understood that the drawings are merely diagrammatic for the purpose of illustrating the principles involved, and it is quite obvious that changes and modifications thereof may be made without materially departing therefrom. For example, the strueture herein disclosed in connection with a kiln furnace may be easily applied to furnaces of other types. I therefore desire itV understood that I do not limit myself to the precise construction and disposition of the parts shown and described.

What I claim as new is 1. A furnace comprising a casing, a wall dividing said casing into opposite compartments and having an aperture therein af- ISQ fording communication between said compartments, a burning grate in one of said compartments, a fuel supporting grate in the opposite compartment, the adjacent ends of said grates meeting in and at a point below the top of said aperture, a lintel in the top of said aperture consisting of a fire brick the surface whereof disposed in said fuel compartment is inclined downwardly and outwardly toward the fuel supporting grate, similar fire brick extending forwardly of said lintel in the walls of said compartment above said fuel supporting grate, and means for admitting draft above said fuel supporting grate. Y

2. A furnace comprising a casing, a wall dividing said casing into opposite compartments and having an aperture therein affording communication between said compartments, a burning grate in one of said compartments, a fuel supporting grate in the opposite compartment, the adjacent ends of said grates meeting in and at a point below the top of said aperture, a removable lintel in the top of said aperture consisting of a fire brick the surface whereof disposed in said fuel compartment is provided 'with vertical corrugations and inclined down wardly and outwardly toward the fuel supporting` grate, similar fire brick extending forwardly of said lintel in the walls of said compartment above said fuel supporting grate, and means for admitting draft above said fuel supporting grate.

3. A furnace comprising communicating compartments, a burning grate located in one of said compartments adjacent the place of communication, a fuel supporting grate located in the other of said compartments inclined to the place of communication between said compartments and to said burning grate, a removable lintel above the place of communication between said compartments said lintel having decreasing crosssectional dimensions from the top to the bottom, members similar in form to said lint el extending forwardly therefrom in the wall of the compartment in which said fuel supporting grate is installed, and means for admitting a draft above said fuel supporting grate.

l. ln firing means for kilns comprising fuel retaining walls, a. wall provided with an opening through which communication is had to the interior of the kiln, a lintel for said opening consisting of a fire brick the surface whereof is inclined downwardly and outwardly and provided with transverse corrugations.

5. in firing means for kilns comprising fuel retaining walls, a wall provided with an opening through which communication is had to the interior of the kiln, a lintel for said opening consisting of a iire brick having decreasing cross-sectional dimensions from the top to the bottom and provided with vertical corrugations upon its inclined surface.

6. In firing means for kilns comprising fuel retaining walls, a wall provided with an opening through which communication is had to the interior of the kiln, a lintel for said opening of decreasing cross-sectional dimensions from the top to the bottom and having transverse corrugations, and members similar in form to said lintel extending forwardly therefrom in said fuel retaining walls.

Signed at Chicago, county of Cook and State of Illinois, this 21st day of August,

RUDOLPH W. MENK. Witnesses:

E. K. LUNDY, Jr., H. SLACK.

Qopies of this patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressing; the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, B. G.

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