US1302950A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

T. W. MUCKLE.

BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30.1910.

Patented May 6, 1919.

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BURNER. APPUCATION FILED JULY 30. l9l8.

Patented m 1919.

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THEODORE W. MUCKLE, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

BURNER.

Speciflcation of Letters Patent. Patented M 6 1919.

Application filed July 30, 1918. Serial No. 247,454.

719 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Tnnooonn MUoKLn, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city and county of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Imprp'vements in Burners; and I do hereby. declare the. following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

burners, and more particularly to that type of burner utilizing a, hydrocarbon oil, which is caused toflow and be entrained by a pressure stream of atomizing 'air,.the resultant blast of combustible mixture being further supplied by an auxiliary source of air, to provide additional oxygen for enhancing. combustion, where it is desiredto feed a; greater quantity of fuel .oil than would normally be intimately taken up by'the initial atomizingv air.

A practical form of this type of burner is illustrated by the W. W. Case, Sn, Patent #1,003,873 of September 19, 1911, over which the present invention is designed as a substantially distinct improvement, but it will be apparent, from the following disclosure, that my improvements may generally be employed efl'ectively with other analogous forms of burners, and whether or not the fuel be actually a hydrocarbon oil in its restricted sense. It will be understood, therefore, that, in the employment of the term oil, fuel, or the like, the invention is not necessarily limited to the specific use of oils, where a gas, or even other suitable highly volatile hydrocarbon substances may be found practical as .an expedient fuel,

when reduced to fluidity.

In the structure of the Case patent, however, and such others in the art embodying the principle involved, the auxiliary supply of air, while regulable in volume perha s, is not regulable in point of pressure re atively to the pressure of the atomizing air, for while the auxiliary air is diverted, it is still supplied from the same source and under the same pressure as the said entrainin or initial atomizing air.

en such a burner is associated with a metallurgical furnace, for instance, or in analogous employment, the resultant blast This invention relates to improvements in flame, upon ignition of the combustible mixture, is, projected with great force toward that side of the combustion chamber oppos1te to the burner opening, so that heating is naturally more intense at positions distant from the entrance into the furnace body or combustion chamber..

The primary object' of the present im-' provements, therefore, in advancing the ef- 'fectiveness .of this type of burner, is to provide means, whereby this auxiliary or secondary source of air is made iegulable both as to volume and pressure, independently of,

the entraining atomizing' air, and is so in- -troduced, into intimate association with the carbureted and burning mixture, as to partly control the projection of the blast flame, and

aid combustion at the entrance of the combustion chamber to more evenly or uniformly distribute the heat therein.-

Further initial reference to other objects and advantages would only be unnecessarily prolix, being more clearly apparent as incidental to the following description, and reference will now be had to the accompanying drawings, illustrating a practical embodiment of the improvements, in which drawings-- I Figure 1, 1s a vertical sectlonal view, taken along the line 11 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2, is a front elevational view ofthe burner, the lower casing being broken away and parts being shown in section to illustrate the mounting of a valve control for the air. inlet, Fig. 3, is a fragmentary vertical sectional view, taken along the plane of the line 33 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4., is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing a modified construction.

1 designates the burner casing, providing an upper box-like housing for an air chamher 2 and an internally cast hollow support 3, forming a vertical oil inlet 4, terminating at its lower end in a horizontally dispose-d chamber 5, the upper end of the oil inlet downwardly as a cylindrical (or a conical) nipple or hollow extension, to provide an enlarged air inlet 7, threaded to connect up with a conduit pipe supplied with air under of the low pressure type, not shown.

pressure, preferably from a rotary blower preferably The upper front wall of the casing is provided with an enlarged central aperture or opening 8, circumscribed by a series of apertures9, illustrated in Fig. 3-as being of segmental shape and three in number, al-

though obviously they may be of any suit-.

The internal support 3.is apertured, in;

line with the chamber 5, to receive a' longtudinally bored lug member 11, the outer end of which is threaded and projects through the rear of the casing to receive a lock nut 12 and stufiing box 13, while the inner end extends forwardly through and substantially beyond the central opening 8,

as an elongated reduced oil discharge pipe nozzle 14:, terminating in subdividing means for theoutflowing oil, illustrated by flaring spaced fingers 15, although obviously other well known equivalent means might be employed, such as a freely perforated cap member.

The bore of the pipe 14. may be less in diameter than the bore of the rear portion of the plug member 11, which latter receives the threaded spindle of a needle valve 16, controlling the admission of oil through the inlet port 17, and operated by a milled wheel 18. Thus far the arrangement is practically similar to that of the Case patent heretofore mentioned.

- An important distinction, however, is that the fingers 15, at the end of the nozzle, 'project substantiallybeyond the central openmg 8, instead of terminating in line therewith. Also the bore of the plug member 11, between the port 17 and thebore of the pipe nozzle 14, is of a novel formation, including an intermediate restricted inlet port 19 opening from the conical end of the needle valve seat into the pipe nozzle proper, so that-when oilis forced therethrough, by

vitation or otherwise, the pressure is reeved as it falls into the bore of the pipe nozzle, an important advantage which will be hereinafter more fully emphasized.

Means are provided at the delivery end of the burner for directing the projected course of the atomizing and auxiliary air blasts before referred to.

Although not necessarily limited to the exact structure, as illustrated this means consists in detail of a rotatably mounted unitary controlling cap or hollow head, comprising an annular wall portion 20, having an interiorly projecting funnel-shaped shell, formed by reversely oined truncated conical sections 21 and 22. The outer section 21 is comparatively shallow and flares outwardly, while the inner section 2-2 is more elongated and terminates in registered alinement with the central opening 8 of the foraminated front wall of the burner casing, the position of merger 23, between. the cone sections, being of slightly less diameter than the opening 8, thus providing a restricted annular space encompassing the discharge'end of the pipe nozzle after the fashion of an aspirator.

The construction of this unitary controlling cap provides not only the conically consection 22, which disk is rotatably mounted therewith flatwise against the foraminated front wall of the burner casing, the apertures 27 thereof corresponding in number and shape to the apertures 9 of the casing wall, and adapted to be brought into and out of register therewith.

The outwardly flaring wall 21 of the shell is apertured with one or more circular series of small delivery orifices 28 for the auxiliary air, and owing to the conical shape of this frontal wall, the aum'liary air is delivered forwardly, as conical sheets of jets, enveloping the carbureted mixture, issuing through the opening 23, with an entrained glanclng. action.

The rotatable mountiu of the unitary controlling cap may be eif ected through the medium of a circular offset flange portion 29, encompassing the boss 10 of the burner casing, and is maintained in place by a plurality of guide screws riding m a peripheral groove 30 of the boss 10.* Limiting stops are also employed, which cotiperate with a fixed ointer 31 for indicating the open and close positions of the burner, and these hmltmg stops may obviously be separate elements, or simply two of the guidescrews as indicated at 32 and 33.

As previously stated the lower end of the burner casing is connected up by a conduit pipe, preferably with a rotary blower of the low pressure type, delivering air to the chamber 2 at an approximate pressure of eight ounces. To control the volume of air and the lock nut 37 in the reverse direction with the right hand, a nicety of adjustment is afi'orded for regulating the air supply at the inlet end of the burner casing. 38 simply designates an internally projecting seatmg ledge for the butterfly valve 34.

n Fig. 2, the burner is illustrated in its full open position, and in Fig. 3, it is shown as being only partly open, while the slight modification of Fig. 4 is substantially the same as in Fig. 3, excepting that,a greater number of retarding openings 9 and 27" are employed, while the openings 27 of the retarding disk 26- are out clean out to the edge instead of leaving a slight marginal rim as in F ig. 3:

As the action and general efliciency of the type of burner illustrated is Well understood 111 the art, especially as disclosed in the Case nozzle 14, so that it is caused to patent heretofore mentioned, it will only be necessary to refer more particularl in the following statement of operation, to those features, which are'deemed substantial improvements over prior constructions. The flow of thefuel oil is controlled primarily by the needle valve 16 codperating with the inlet ort 17, but by employing the intermediate in et port 19, of restricted opening, the pressure behind this flow of oil is relieved asthe oil enters the bore of the pipe flow and be drawn more evenly into the zone of its atom- 1z1ng air, owing to the equable aspirating force of the latter (projected through the annular space 23 encompassing the oil subdividing tendency of being spurted therein,as subdivided jets, from the pressure behind. j

In the instant case, theoil nozzle tip pro- Jects substantially forward of the constant central openin 8, and the atomizing air blast, passing t rough the passageway 24,.is converged toward the spreading fingers 15, or analogous means, into] more intimately compressed assimilation with the molecular particles of the subdivided oil, tending to adhere thereon in film-like fashion, thus insuring' the most eflective carburetion.

From this position (the annular space 23) the carbureted mixture beginsto spread out Into a. divergent cone, the degree of divergence being ependent upon theforce of the atomizing air mine the length of the cone or the position,

substantially distant from the burner, where the mixture will begin to burn, tion. Y

The force of the atomizing air blast may be effectively controlled by the butterfly valve 34:, between the limits of zero and eight ounces, where the rotary blower is designed to create an eight ounce pressure. For instance if the valve 34 is only partially open, the volume of pressure air, through the inlet 7, is decreased accordingly, and will expand after igninozzle tip) rather than having the blast, which -will also deter- I conjointly as sure chamber 2, to any desired extent. In

that case, the length of the cone of combustible mixture would be shortened, while the degree of divergence would be increased.

Thus within the atomizing pressure limits of zero to eight ounces, the dimensions of the cone of combustible mixture, the concentration of its'ignition position, and the amount of heat generated may be controlled for obvious reasons, without opening up the auxiliary air passage at all, by simply adjusting the butterfly valve 34 and regulating the oil feed relatively to the atomizing blast.

But if an intensified heat is desired, with the atomizing air pressure maintained at any predetermined degree, then it being necessary to feed more oil to the-burner, it also becomes necessary to open up the auxiliary air passagew. y in commensurate proportion to the additional oil supplied, for furnishing the necessary oxygen to enhance combustion. This latter is accomplished by simply turnin the controllin cap the desired distance, tween the limiting stops 33-32, to bring the apertures 27, of the disk flange regulator 26, into partial or complete registration with the apertures 9 in the forami nated front wall of the burner casing.

When so regulated, the pressure air from the chamber 2, passing into the annular chamber 25, will expand and be discharged, at a reduced pressure or almost as still air, through the orifices 28, into a glancing entrained admixture with the oil and atomizing air, inv the manner previously set forth. Thus not only Will-complete combustion be attained but also the position of ignition of the combustible cone will be advanced close in toward the burner opening of the furmace, and the interior of the latter .thereby heated more uniformly throughout or from one end to the other.

From the foregoing complete disclosure, it will therefore be observed that, in the adoption of the present invention, all arising conditions, of varying'desired control over the flame generated, heretofore requiring several sizes of burners, are adequately and fully provided for, in a singleburner, by the simple combined expedients of the butterfly valve arrangementv and unitary controlling cap, operated independently or while provision has only been suggested for arotary blower developing eight ounce pressure as the maximum, which has been found occasion may require; and

to be the approximate standard for general I uses, still it is to be understood that the invention is equally applicable for use with higher pressures developed, thereby increas ing its range of employment accordingly.

Finally, the inv ntion is not limited to the exact details as specifically disclosed, excepting as they fall within thepurview of the *oi,l; a suitably walled expansion chamber for recelving a supply of auxiliary air from said primary chamber; regulable communicating means therebetween for controlling the volume of said auxiliary supply; and outlet means for said expansion chamber, suitably formed and disposed to deliver said auxiliary air into entrained impregnation with the aforesaid carbureted blast-stream and at asubstantially reduced pressure relatively thereto, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a burner casing, providing a primary pressure air chamber, a pressure air inlet therefor, and an oil inlet; of a nozzle leading from said oil inlet; outlet means for said primary chamber so formed and disposed, relatively to the discharge end of said nozzle, as to direct an entraining blast-stream of atomizing air int carbureted admixture with the discharging oil; a suitably walled expansion chamber for receiving a supply of auxiliary air from said primary chamber; regulable communicating means therebetween for controlling the volume of said auxiliary supply; and

outlet means for said expansion chamber,

suitably formed and disposed to deliver said auxiliary air, as aconverging encompassing cone of substantially reduced pressure, into entrained impregnation with the aforesaid carbureted blast-stream, substantially as described.

3. The combination with a burner casing, providing a primary pressure air chamber, a pressure air inlet therefor, and an oil inlet; of a nozzle leading from said oil inlet; outlet means for delivering atomizing pressure air from said primary chamberto the discharging oil; a hollow capping member disposed forwardly of said nozzle, and providing a suitably walled. expansion cliamber cooperating with said primary chamber;

'regulable communicating means, between said primary and expansion chambers, embodying apertured wall parts adapted for controlled registration; and auxiliary air outlet means for said expansion chamber, the several elements being operatively associated and disposed, to function in combined relation, substantially as described.

4. The combination with a burner casing,

providing a primary pressure air chamber, a pressure airinlet therefor, and an oil inlet; of a nozzle leading from said oil inlet; outlet means for delivering atomizing pressure air from said primary chamber to the discharging oil; a rotatably mounted capping member, providing a suitably walled revoluble expansion chamber coiiperating with said primary chamber; regulable comimmicating means, between said primary and expansion chambers, controlled by the rotation of said capping member; and auxiliary air outlet means for said expansion chamber, the several elements being operatively associt ted and disposed, to function in combined relation, substantially as described.

5. The combination with a burner casing, providing an oil inlet chamber, a primary pressure ail-chamber, and a pressure air inlet for the latter; of-a nozzle leading from said oil inlet chamber to the exterior of said casing; outlet means for said primary chamber 50 formed and disposed, relatively to the discharge end of said nozzle, as to direct an entraining stream of atomizing air into carbureted admixture with the discharging oil; a butterfly valve disposed in said pressure air inlet for controlling the volume of air delivered to said primary chamber; and regulable coacting means for deliveringa predetermined supply of auxiliary air from said primary chamber, in the form of a converging encompassing cone of substantially reduced pressure, into entrained association with the resultant carbureted mixture, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a burner casing, having an oil inlet chamber, a primary pressure air chamber, and a pressure air inlet therefor; of a nozzle leadin from said oil inlet chamber and terminating in a discharge tip providing oil subdividin means; an inlet port for said oil inlet 0 amber with a controlling needle valvetherefor; a reduction port interposed between the chamber of said needle valve and the bore of said nozzle, for relieving the pressure behind the flowing oil; outlet means for said primary chamber so formed and disposed, relativel to the discharge end of said nozzle, as to irect an entraining stream of atomizing air into carbureted admixture with the dischar oil; and regulable coacting means for supp ying auxiliary air as desired, from said pressure air source to the resultant carbureted mixture, substantially as described.

sure air mlet, the front'wall of said casing.

having an atomizing air outlet, circumscribed by a plurality of auxiliary air'outlets; of a nozzle leading from said oil inlet chamber into-proximity with said atomizing air outlet; means for controlling the flow of oil therethrough; a unitary cappingmember 45 having an atomiz' encompassing ,the discharge tip of said nozzle,in open communication with said atomizing air outlet, and providing for an exterior annular expansion chamber; a flange plate carried by the inner end of said tubular element, forming the rear wall of said expansion chamber, and foraminated with a series of auxiliary air inlets'for the latter; means permitting of the correlative adjustment of said auxiliary air outlets and inlets to bring,

them into and out of registration; and means for delivering auxiliary air from said expansion chamber, as desired, into entrained association with the combustible blast charge resulting from the admixture ofthe fuel oil and its atomizing air, substantially as described. e I

8; The combination with a burner casing,

providing an oil inlet chamber and. a pressure air inlet, the front wall of said casin- 0 having an atomizing air outlet encompamed by aum liary air outlets; of a nozzle leading from said oil inlet chamber into proximity with said. atomizing air outlet; means for controlling the flow of oil therethrough and a unitary hollow controlling cap member, rotatably mounted to coact with the forami-' hated front wall of said burner casing, comprising an annular wall, a frontal wall hairin an enlarged central discharge opening, a tu ular extension projecting inwardly there from, in spaced relation to said annular wall,

and a disk flange carried at the inner end of said tubular extension, said disk flange being foraminated for registration with said auxiliary air outlets, and-the frontal wall of said cap member providing auxiliary air dis: charge orifices surrounding said central disin charge opening, the whole combined and functioning, substantially as described. 9. The combination with a burner casing,

providin an oil inlet chamber and a pres-- sure air mlet, the front wall-of said casing controlling the flow of oil therethrough; and a hollow controlling cap member,

air outlet encompassed wall of said burner casing, comprising an annular wall, a centrally spaced funnelshaped shell projecting inwardly therefrom, and a disk flange carried by the inner end of the latter, said disk flange being foraminated for registration with said auxiliary air outlets, and the frontal outwardly flaring Wall of said funnel-shaped shell providing auxil iary air discharge orifices, the whole being operatively combined and functioning, substantially as described.

10. The combination with a burner casing, providing anoil inlet chamber and a pressure air inlet, the frontwallof said casin having an atomizing air outlet, shrrounded by auxiliary airoutlets, encompassed in turn by a hollow forwardly projecting circular boss; of a unitary hollow controlling cap member, comprising an annular wall rotatably mounted upon said hollow circular boss, a centrally spaced funnel-shaped shell projecting inwardly therefrom, formed by reversely joined truncated cone sections, the frontal cone section flaring outwardly: and the inner cone section diverging inwardly to register with said .atomizing air outlet, and a disk flange carried by the mner-end of said inner cone section, said disk flange being,

foraminated for registration with saidauxiliary air outlets and forming the rear wall ing stops on, said cap mem er for engaging said index pointer; a nozzle leading from said oil inlet chamber into said inner conical section and terminating 1n an oil subdividing tip proximate to, the joinder of said cone sections; means for controlling the 'flow of oil through said nozzle; and means for controlling the volume of pressure air delivered through said pressure air inlet, substantially as described. w

- In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

THEODORE w. MUCKLE.

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