US1393626A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

K. 0. KELLER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN- 6. I921.

Patented Oct. 11, 1921.

34 I as 16 29 K. o; KELLER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

R 1! 1; f J J 1 a; i I

KARL OTTO KELLER, OF SUNDERLAND,

ROBERT PILE DOXFORD, 01 SUN ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO DERLAND, DURHAM, ENGLAND.

INTERN AIL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of L t er P t n Patented Oct. 11, 1921.

Application filed January 6, 1921. Serial No. 435,353.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, KARL Orro KELLER, a citizen of the Swiss Confederation, residing at Sunderland, in the county of Durham, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is for improvements in or relating to internal-combustion engines, and has for its ob'ect to provide an improved construction 0 the same which shall facilitate-and simplify the manufacture of the engines and also render them more convenient in use. It is particularly applicable to large marine oil-engines of the type having vertical cylinders in which there are two oppositely moving pistons, such for example, as described in our patent application Serial N 0. 394,681, dated 8th July, 1920, but it may also advantageously be used with other types of engine.

In large internal-combustion engines, the working-cylinder proper is either made integrally with its surrounding water-jacket, or else a steel j acket' is used with a cast-iron liner, the jacket being designed to take all the pressures due to compression and combustion. In either case it has been customary to arrange that the cylinder and liner support the weight of any other parts of the engine above them, and also take all the working stresses and vibrations which are set up when the engine is running. It will be realized, therefore, that the cylinder casting or the water-jacket casting, as the case might be, became a very complicated structure.

Furthermore, in the construction in which the jacket and the liner are separate castings, it is usual for them both to be secured at one end to the main frame ofthe engine, in order to provide adequately for their support. Under working conditions the liner attains a higher temperature than the jacket. so that the attachment of the valves or any other part which has to communicate with the interior of a cylinder must be made in such a way that 1t can accommodate the difierence of expansion between the liner and the jacket.

The object of the present invention is to provide a construction such that any vibrations or lateral stresses set u on the part of the engine remote from tlie main frame are diverted from the cylinder and its waterjacket casing, and also to provide for easy access to that part of the cylinder which contains the valves, that is, the fuel-injection valve, air-starting and relief-valve, and also to the water glands which are used on the jacket.

According to this invention there is provided in an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder located upon supports so arranged as'to permit it to expand lengthwise, and a water-jacket casing surrounding it, but free from it at places where the cylinder and casing are permitted relative lengthwise movement due to differences of expansion between them, of an en'- tablature that is separate from the said cylinder and the said casing, that carries the weight of the standing upper portion of the engine structure, and that diverts through itself away from the lower parts of the cyllnder and casing to the standing lower portion of the engine structure, the lateral stresses that otherwise would travel down to the said-standing lower portion by way of the said lower parts of the cylinder and casing.

Preferably the said parts are so constructed that the water-jacket casing is in two portions, upper and lower, that there can be relative movement between these two portions, that a packing device constituting a sliding joint between the bottom and the said upper portion and the top of the said lower portion is provided, and that the entablature is of skeleton form to permit access to the said packing device and to any other parts or devices used on the cylinder or jacket.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the application of the present invention to a marine oil-engine having a vertical cylinder with its opposed pistons working in-it,

Figure 1 is a central section through a cylinder showing such parts as are necessary to the understanding of this invention, and

Fig. 2 is an elevatlon of the same.

Referring to these drawings, the main supporting columns of the engine are indicated at 10, 11, only the upper ends of the columns being shown. Upon these columns 12 and columns 14 which terminate at their upper end in a platform 15. Upon the platform 15 there rests, and is secured, the water-jacketed exhaust belt of the engine indicated generally by the reference 16. This exhaust belt 16 supports in turn the crosshead guides and other parts for the upper piston of the engine, which are indicated generally by the reference 17.

The working-cylinder is constituted by a liner l8 surrounded and supported by a water-jacket casing 19. This casing 19 is seated at its lower end 20 upon the bridgepiece 12 aforesaid, and any convenient form of watertight joint is used at this seating.

- The water-j acket casing 19 is made of such a size at 21 that it fits closely to the liner 18, at the middle of the length of the liner, and the two parts are there secured together so that the weight of the liner 18 is supported by the casing 19. The fuel-injection valve indicated diagrammatically at 22 and any other valves which are required to communicate with the interior of the cylinder are also located at'this point, since there can be no relative movement between the liner and the jacket due to differences in expansion between them. No other rigid connection between the liner.and the cylinder-jacket is made anywhere so that the ends of the liner are free to expand relatively to the ends of the jacket. i

The parts of the cylinder-jacket, other than part 19, already mentioned, may be constructed in any desired manner. In the construction illustrated, the lower end of the jacket is constituted by an internal wall 23 of the bridge-piece 12, and suitable pipeconnectlons 2 1 are made thereto for the admission of water to the jacket. The lower end of the jacketis rendered watertight by any desired form of packing-gland indicated at 25.

The up r part of the water-jacket is constitute by a cylindrical ortion 26 which is seated on the upper en of the part 19 and engages by a slidin 'connectlon the lower end of an upper cy indrical part 27 suitable packingbelng provided at 28 for these two parts. The part 27 aforesaid, is sha ed at its upper end 29 to provide a pac lngland between the lower end of the exhaust elt 16 and the cylinder-liner 1 8.

. A further gland 30 is rovided at the end of the exhaust watertight joint between it and the cylinder liner 18, and the uppermost endof the liner 18 is also provided with a gland 31 where it enters the part '17 aforesaid.

The water outlet on the jacket is constituted by a suitable pipe-connection or connections 32 which communicate with the .upper end of the jacket space of the exhaust belt 16.

The circulating water enters the jacket u per elt. 20 to provide a by the inlet 2& and passes upward inside the parts 23, 19, as far as the part 21 of the casing. From this point it passes upward through a series of longitudinal grooves which may be formed either'in the liner or in the easing into the interior of the part 26. By using grooves 33 for the passage of the water, the desired close fit of the casing 21 to the liner 18 is not impaired. The water passes upward to the exhaust belt and passes the exhaust ports 35 by means of longitudinal passages 34 formed in the bars 38 of the liner between the ports 35. This construction insures adequate cooling of the exhaust bars 38 which are the parts always liable to trouble through overheating. The water passes from the passages 34 into the jacket of the exhaust belt 16 and thence to the outlet pipe 32.

The invention is illustrated as applied to an engine in which there are two oppositelymoving istons 36, 37 in one cylinder, but if it is app ied to an engine of the type having only one piston in each cylinder, the exhaustbelt 16 would be replaced by the cylinderhead, and the weight of the cylinder-head and associatedparts would be supported by the entablature 13, 14, 15 in the same way. The water-jacket could be of any desired construction, and it will be appreciated that in this type of engine the use of the entablature aforesaid provides the same advantage of relieving the cylinder and jacket of the vibrationsv and lateral stresses which, arising at the upper end, would travel down through them to the lower main structure of the engine.

An important advantage arising from the use of an entablature as above-described, is that the casting for the liner can be made of plain cylindrical or tubular form provided only Wlth flanges and bosses where necessary, and the various parts of the waterjacket also can be made of simple construction; Furthermore, by using an entablature of skeleton form, that is to say, an entablature consisting of top and bottom plates connected by columns, the accessibility of the cfylinder jacket lands and the valves is satis actoril provided for.

What I c aim as m invention and desire to secure by Letters atent is r 1. For an internal-combustion engine the combination with a cylinder located upon supports so arranged as to permit it to expand lengthwise, and a water-'acket casing surrounding it but free from 1t at places where the cylinder and casing are permitted lengthwise movement in relation to one another due to differences of expansion between the casing and the cylinder, of an entablature that is separate from the said cyhnder and the said casing, carries the weight of and the stresses set up in and by the standing upper portion of the engine structure, and diverts through itself away from the lower parts of the cylinder and casing to the standing lower portion of the engine structure the lateral stresses, that otherwise would travel down to said standing lower portion b way of said lower parts of the cylinder an casing.

2.. For an internal-combustion engine comprising two pistons working in opposite directions in one and the same cylinder here, the combination according to eieini Nov 1 so constructed that the water-jacket casing oomprises two portions, upper and lower that there can be relative movement between these two portions, that a packing device constituting a sliding joint between thebottom of the said upper portion and the top of said lower portion is provided and that the entablature is, for the purpose described, of skeleton form.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

KARL OTTO KELLER.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM Ermine-s, WILLIAM Henczmoz: Bottom

Images