US1391930A - Carbureter - Google Patents

Description

F. H. BALL.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I0, I9I9.

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FRANK H. BALL, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO BALL & BALL CARBURETOB COMPANY, OF DETROIT, .MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

CABBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 27, 1921.

Application led June 10, 1919. Serial No. 303,206.

To allee/1,0m t may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK H. BALL a citizen of the United States, residin at etroit, in the county of Wayne and tate of Michigan, have invented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

In the operation of a carbureter itis de sirable to completely atomize the fuel. -With a wide open throttle and a rapid speed of the engine there is a suilicient velocity Vof the air through the contracted portion of the suction passage, usually in the form of a. Venturi tube to accomplish this purpose.

When there is a partially'closed throttle and sufficient speed of the engine there is a sufcient velocity of air past the throttle to a'ccomplish the purpose. In one instance the restriction is at the Venturi tube and in the other instance the-lrestriction is made by the throttle. .Where however, there is a. comparatively wide open throttle and a slow movementof the motor as is apt to be the condition on a hill with an automobile there is not suiiicient velocity of air through the carburetemr` to properly atomize the fuel. v In addition to this the mixture is not `usually suiiiciently rich to give the maximum power so that under these conditions there is a lack of suiiciently rich mixture to -give the maximum power even though the atomization were complete which condition is aggravated by a lack of atomization so that the ultimate result is for -all practical purposes a leaner mixture is provided than the mixturedelivered under other conditions. It is desirable, therefore, to supplement the normal fuel supply where there is a slow movementI of air through the suction passage so as to give the most ciiicient mixture under these conditions and to continue this supplemental supply so long as the slow movement of air continues. The mechanism for accomplishing this I term a step up device. If

is desirable and this has been corrected by what has been commonly called pick-up devices. With such devices an added amount of fuel is momentarily supplied as the throttlc is opened to bridge over the disturbing condition while the engine is picking up due to the opening of the throttle. Such a momentary addition of fuel lis desirable even with a step-up device for a continued supplementing of the fuel under the conditions above described. With the present invention this is accomplished.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein a carbureter is shown in vertical section.

1 marks the suction passage, 2 the throttle, 3 the Venturi tube, 4 fuel nozzles which as shown project from the walls of the Venturi tube, 5 an annular chamber around the Venturi tube and from which the fuel nozzles lead, 6 apassage connecting the annular chamber 5 with an intermediatechamber 7 formed between the walls of a socket '8 formed in the body of the carbureter and the walls of a metering plug 9. The metering plu-g has a metered` fuel,V opening 10 which leads to a passage 11 in the plug and the assage 11 communicates with the chamber'` by means of a radial passage 12. A fuel passage 13 leads from a float, chamber 14 to the metered opening 10. The ioat chamber has the usual supply connection 15 controlled by a valve 16 and thelvalve is controlled by a oat 17 in the usual manner.

The fuel'i's regulated by the reduction of pressure or suction at the metered o ening 10. vThe reduced pressure at the enturi tube is communicated to the passage 11 bv way of the nozzles 4, passage 6, chamber 77 and passa e 12. The suction may be modified by a I:mitting a certain amount of air preferably from the atmosphere and further 1t is possibleby this method to yavoid the negative head necessary where the fuel is delivered in the form of raw fuel to the nozzle. Air is admitted through the passage 19 to a passage 18 in the plug 9. A restricted open'- ing 20 communicates with the passages 18 andli. A passage 21 also leads from the passage 18 to the chamber 7. With the passages admitting air to the chambers between` tion of the air. The fuel level is indicated at A-A. The fuel level is approximately at thepassage 12 and by reason of the fact that the nozzles 4 extend above the fuel level the leakage of fuel when the carburete is at rest is obviated.' On the other hand the air breaking up the fuel at the level 'of the chamber 6 maintains the level to which the fuel is delivered approximately at or below the fuel level and the fuel is atomized more or less as it is delivered through the nozzles.

The step up device for varying the quality of the mixture under the conditions heretofore set forth are as follows :w-Th'e chamber 7 is connected with a passage or chamber 22 by a passage 23. The chamber'22 opens to the atmosphere vand* is controlled by a valve 24. The valve 24 has a stem 25 which terminates in a piston 26. The piston operates in a cylinder 27. The cylinder is connected by' a passage 28 with the suction passage at a point above the throttle. A spring 29 is arranged on the stem 25 and operates against a shoulder 30 on the stem 25 and rests against a shoulder 31 at the end ofthe cylinder 27.

4The spring is of sufficient strength to retain the valve 24 in closed position until there is such a preponderance of pressure below'the piston 26 as to overcomethe spring and open the valve.

When thereis a wide open throttle and a slow running motor there is of course, very little reduction of pressure in the suction passage and consequently `a very small reduction of pressure in the cylinder 27: Consequently the preponderance of atmospheric pressure over suction passage pressure` is not suicient to overcome the spring 29 so as -to open the valve 24. The valve 24 remains in aclosed position and the reduction in pressure in the passage l1 inducing =a flow through the metered opening l() is-a pressure between that of the Venturi tube and the atmospheredepending on the size of the openings admitting air into the passage 11 and the size of the nozzles forming a means of communication between the passage 11 and the Venturi tube. These are so proportioned as to give a comparatively1 rich mixture so that the mixture is better adapted to the higher\power desired under such conditions but more particularly, it supplements the fuel so as to make up for thelack of atomizati'on. When, however, the motor speeds up or a speed is maintained wifh a partially' -closedthrottle so that there is a higher `velocity at the restrictions of the suction .passage there a corresponding reduction of pressure at the discharge side o-f 4the throttle which is communicatedI through the passage 28 to the 'cylinder 27 and a consequent" reduction of pressure above the piston 26 creates a preponderance of pressure below the piston which OVcrGOmes the spring 29 and lifts the valve 24, the amount of theopening being dependent on the degree of reduction of pressure.

As the valve 24 is opened air is admitted to the passage orrchamber 7 and communicated to the passage 11 so that the reduction of pressure in the passage l1 is less' and in consequence the suction effort on the fuel at the' restricted opening 10 is reduced, with a consequent reduction in the quantity of fuel delivered. In addition there is a slightly greaterA amount of airi delivered through the nozzles 4 which also tends to make a leaner mixture.

The device so far as described gives a continuing supplemental supply of fuel during certaixi conditions. Asbefore stated it is desirable to momentarily supply addi ional amountslof fuel by way is `commonly ca led a pick-up device. yhis is accomplished in the present invention;Y as follows 4A well 32 is arranged below the chamber 22 and separated therefrom byY a partition plate or plug 33. A depending tube 34 extends from the plug 33 to near the bottom of the well 32 and is provided with a re'- lstricted opening 35 at its lower end. The well 32 is connected with the fuel passage 13 by a small passage 36. A passage/37 eX tends from the well 32 to a passage 3d which is open at its top to the atmosphere. Fuel accumulates in the well 32 and in the passage 38 to the level shown in the! drawings. The fuel remains at this ,level kso long as the valve,` 24 is opened, the opening of the valve allowing the movement of air to the chamber' 32 so nearly approximating atmospheric pressure as to preclude the transfer of fuel from the well 32 to the chamber 22. When, however, the valve 24 is closed the pressure in the lchamber 22 is reduced to the pressure of the chamber 7 and this reduction of pressure results in a preponderance of pressure on the lcolumn of fuel in the passage 38. Fuel is, therefore, forced from the pas sage 38, well 32, through the opening 35 through thechamber 22, passage 23 to the chamber 7. The delivery of the accumulated liquid from the well momentarily adds very materially to theI fuel supplied and affords what is commonly known as a pick-.up delivery of fuel. As soonas the accumulated fuel in the passage 38 and well 32 is eX- hausted the delivery is very largely cut off. There isla slight amount of liquid picked up by the air moving through the well 32 .and .passage 35 and carried into the suction` passage with` the other fuel supply and this is consideredin the added fuel supply which is delivered through the metered opening'lO as an incident to the increased suction on the fuel due to the closing of the valve 24. The ad ission of air, however, through the channe starting `with the passage 38 reduces slightly the suction effort that would otherof fuel carried through the opening 35 there the direct action of is also a smaller amount off fuel carried through the metered opening I0 than would becarried through said opening l0 if there were a 'complete closure as to the passage of air through the passage 23.

It will be seen, therefore, that inthe' present construction not only the pick-up device but the step up device for continuing a supplemental supply of fuel is responsive toiand actuated by variations of pressure in the suction passage and that in both devices the fuel is actuated by the direct action of the air upon the fuel.

In the drawings the parts are shown at rest. In operation a closing of the throttle opens the valve 24:. It will be understood that as the valve 24 is closed the accumulated fuel in the well is discharged `and the level of fuel in the chamber 6 is brought to the Hoor of this chamber.

What I claim as new is 2'- l. Ina carbureter, the combination of a suction passage; means for delivering a combustible mixture comprising as itsA elements air and fuel to said passage, the fuel being passed through a conduit delivering at least the major portion of lthe fuel supply for the combustible mixture; pick-up and step up devices, said devices modifying said delivery through said conduit by iniowing .air to vary the relative flow of said elements to the suction passage to form a richer mixture with a lesser degree ofvacuum and to momentarily further increase the richness of the mixture immediately following such variation; and mechanism responsive to variations of pressure in the suction passage actuating said devices.

2.'In a carbureter, the combination of a suctionvpassage; a throttle valve; means for delivering a combustible mixture comprising as its elements air and fuel to said passage; pick-up and continuous fuel auginenting devices. said devices modifying said delivery through said conduit by the direct action of inflowing air to vary-the relative fiow of said elements to the' suction passage to form a richer mixture with a lesser de- 4 gree of vacuum and to momentarily further increase the richness of the mixture immediately following such variation; and mechanism responsive to variations of pressure in the suction passage at thel discharge side of the throttle actuating said devices.

3. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction passage; means for delivering a combustible mixture comprising as its elements air and fuel to said passage, the fuel being passed through a conduit delivering at least the major portion of the fuel supply for the combustible mixture; and devices actuated by variations in the degree of vacuum in the suction passage and continuing during such variation modifying said delivery through said conduit to vary' the relative flow of said elements to4 said suction passage to form a richer'mixture with a lesser degree of vacuum and to momentarily further increase'the .'richness of the mixture immediately following such variation.

4. In a arbureter, the combination of a suction passage; means for delivering airand fuel to the suction passage comprising a chamber communicating with the suction passage, with a fuel supply and air passages'leading to an air supply; and valve mechanism responsive to variations of pressure in the suction passage andacting on said air passages to vary the air flow therethrough to control the relative flow of air and fuel to the suction passage to momentarily supplement lthe fuel supply by the direct action of air on the fuel immediately following a variation of pressure in the suction passage and for continuously adding to the fuel low'to enrich the mixture during a continuation of the change of pressure in the suction passage.

5. In a carbureter, the combination of a suction passage; an intermediate chamber communicating with the suction passage, a 95 Source of fuel supply and with the atmosphere; a well in which fuel accumulates communicating with the atmosphere; a passage leading from the lower part of the well to said chamber; a valve varying the com- 100 munication between the chamber and the atmosphere; and means responsive to variations of pressure in the suction passage for actuating the valve.

6. In a carbureter, the combination of a 105 suction passage; an intermediate chamber having communication with a fuel supply, With said suction passage and with the atmosphere; a secondary chamber communileating with the intermediate chamber; a 110 well in which fuel accumulates; a passage leading from the lowerpart of the well to said secondary chamber; a passage leading from the well to the atmosphere; a valve controlling the communication between said secondary chamber and the atmosphere; and4 means responsive to variations in pressure in the suction passage controlling said valve.

7. In a carbureter, the combination of a suction passage; a well in which fuel accumulates and having an opening to the atmosphere; a connection leading from below the fuel level in the well to the suction passage; an air passage leading from the 'connection to the atmosphere; a valve con- 125 trolling said ail` passage; and means responsive to variations of pressure in the suction passage controlling the valve.

S. In a carbureter, the combination of a suction passagega well in which fuel accumulates and having an opening to `the atsee controlling the valve; and means oonmospliere; e connection leading Jfrom below tro ed by said valve effecting a continued the fuel level in the well to the suction passupplemental delivery of fuel to the suction 10 sage; an air passage leading from the conpassage following a closin of said valve. neotion to, the atmosphere; a valve con- In testimony whereof I l:we hereunto set trolling seid air passage; meens responsive my hand.

to variations of pressure in the suction pas- FRANK H. BALL.

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