US1389731A - Chuck - Google Patents

Description

Patented Sept. 6,1921.

CHUCK.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 5,1919.

W. A. BARKER.

W g. A 2/ 7 4 7 W W. A. BARKER.

CHUCK.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 5,1919. 1,389,731. PatentedSept. 6, 1921.

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'to be used u UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WENDELL A. BARKER, 0F EI 'JKHAIRT, INDIANA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 6, 1921.

Application flled July 5, 1919. Serial No. 308,888.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WENDELL A. BARKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Elkhart, in the county of Elkhart, State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chucks, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to chucks adapted on lathes and the like, and has reference chiefly to an improved mechanism for closing the work engaging jaws and holding them in gripping relation to the work.

. My present invention constitutes an improvement u on the subject matter of Letters Patent December 11, 1917, and is based upon the same broad principle of operation as the device of said Letters Patent. The device of this patent is characterized by the provision of means whereby the chuck jaws may be readily forced into gripping engagement with the work by the simple manipulation of a hand lever while the chuck is revolving at full speed as well as while it is standing still. In the said patent, however, the jaw operating mechanism is adapted to effect a gripping movement of the jaws upon the work in the inward direction only, being thus adapted for external gripping of the work alone. One object of the present invention is to provide a mechanism designed and operating upon the principle of my former patent, wherein the chuck jaws shall be adapted for and capable of both external and internal gripping of the work; in other words, whereby the jaws may be positively actuated either inwardly or outwardly into gripping engagement with the work. Another object is to improve upon the mechanism of my former patent in the direction of reducing the effect of centrifugal force upon the jaw operating levers. Still another object is to improve the lever arrangement between the jaws and the lever operating cam, whereby a more powerful leverage action upon the jaws is obtained.

My present invention, its mode of opera-' 0. 1,249,300, granted to me.

workable embodiment of the invention, and wherein,-

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a chuck embodying my invention, taken on the line 11 of Fig. 2, looking to the left of the latter figure;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view on the line 22 of Fig. 1, looking to the right;

Fig. 3 1s a transverse sectional view taken pigtthe line 33 of Fig. 1, looking to the Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken ifli t the line 44 of Fig. 1, looking to the Fig. 5 is a sectional detail on the line 55 of F g. 1, looking downwardly;

Fig. 6 18 a sectional detail on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1, looking downwardly.

Fig. 7 is a sectional detail on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5.

Referring to the drawings reference character 5 designates the hollow hub of a chuck body which is designed to be mounted .upon the spindle (not shown) of a lathe or like machine in a manner well understood. In a series of radially arranged grooves 6 formed in the front face of the chuck body are mounted a plurality of gripping or work-holding jaws, each comprising inner andouter jaw base members 7 and 8 adjustable lengthwise relatively to each other by means of a jaw screw 9, and a jaw proper 10 of the reversible step jaw type secured to the outer jaw base member 8 by screws 11 and 12. This construction of chuck jaw is old and well known in the art, except as to a friction device for preventing. accidental turning of the 'aw screw 9 hereinafter described, and urther detailed description thereof is unnecessary to an understanding of the present invention.

On the rear side of the inner jaw base member 7 is a square rearwardly projecting tenon 13 that lies within a rectangular slot 14 (Fig. 7) formed in a disk 15 that is rotatably seated in a circular bearing socket 16 formed in one side of a lever arm 17. This lever 17, of which there are three in the instance shown, is fulcrumed at one end on a fulcrum pin 18 (Fig. 5) extending through the chuck body, while its other end carries a cam follower in the form of a roller 19 journale'd on a laterally projecting pin 20. It will thus be seen that the pin or rotatably mounted a cam which, throu h slots or grooves 23 engagement with the cam followers 19 of t e several levers. 17, is adapted to simultaneously actuate all of said levers to force the chuck jaws either outwardly or inwardly into gripping engagement with the work. This cam comprises a sleeve or collar 21 joumaled on the hub 5 and formed withan integral annular flange 22, in the forward face of which are three symmetrical cam cam rollers 19 travel. It will be-observed by reference to Figs. 2 and 4 that each of these cam slots is formed with a relatively abrupt outward bend 24 at one end and a relativel abrupt inward bend 25 at the other en The lever-actuating cam above described is geared to mechanism very similar to that shown in my former patent, above identified, for causing the cam member to rotate with the chuck body and to be partially rotated relativel to the chuck body to close or 0 en the chuck jaws when the chuck is rotate or is standing still. On the cam sleeve 21 is formed a gear 26 (Fig. 3). A gear 27 of the same size and number of teeth is rigidly secured by a key 28 or other suitable means to the outer end of the chuck hub 5 so as to rotate therewith. The gear 27 has a sleeve extension 29, on which and on the cam sleeve 21, just forwardly of thegear 26, is rotatably mounted a gear cage comprising 'a pair of rings 30 and 31 integrally spaced and connected by crossbars 32 (Fig. 3). In this gear cage are mounted on pins 33 four pairs of planet gears, each pair consisting of a gear 34 meshin with the gear 27 and a gear 35 meshing wit the cam gear 26, said gears 34 and 35 being independently j ournaled side by side on the bearing pin 33. 36 designates a stationary annular rear wall, the inner periphery of which fits over a short hub 37 on the cage ring 30. The outer periphery of the stationary wall 36 is formed as a forwardly extending flange 38 on which is formed an internal car 39 meshing with the planet gears 34. ounted with capacity for a turning movement on the flange 38 and on the outer periphery of the cage ring 31 is a ring 40 provided on its upper side with a radiall projecting handle 41 (Fig. 3) by which sai ring can be manually turned in either direction. On the inner periphery of the ring 40 is an internal gear 42 of the same size and number ofteeth as the internal gear 39 and that meshes with the planet gears 35.

Fig. 4) in which the- An annular clamping nut or rin 43 ma be threaded onto the rear end of t e chuc hub 5 to prevent accidental escape of the key 28 and to assist in uniting the parts and steadying the construction. Assumin now that the chuck is rotating, the gear 2 will be rotated with the hub 5 of the chuck and by reason of the intermeshing relation of the p anet gears 34 with the rotating gear 27 and the stationary internal gear 39, the gear cage will be rotated in the same direction as the chuck but at a slower speed. As the gear cage rotates, carrying with it the planet gears 35, each of which meshes with the cam gear 26 and'the internal gear 42 which normally is stationar relativel to the internal gear 39, the cam s eeve will e rotated in the same direction as the chuck and at the same speed. Since the jaw operating levers 17 are carried by the chuck body and the cam sleeve is rotating in the same direction and at the same speed as the chuck body, it will be manifest that no relative movement between the cam ring and the levers takes place, and consequently the jaws will remain stationary relativel to the chuck body. Assuming that the c uck jaws are open and that the chuck is rotating in a clockwise direction, viewing Fig. 2, and a counter-clockwise direction viewing Figs. 3 and 4, with the cam followers 19 lying in the outwardl turned ends 24 of the cam slots 23, should it be desired to close the jaws upon a piece of work, the handle 41 is swung by the operator in a counter-clockwise direction, viewing Fig. 3, carrying with it the movable internal gear 42 which, acting through the planet gears 35, will retard the rotation of the cam gear 26 and cam ring, causing a relative rotation of these latter in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the chuck body. This causes the cam followers 19 to first pass out of the abrupt outwardly turned ends 24 of the cam grooves, causing a rapid approach movement of the jaws onto the work. The cam followers travel through the intermediate gradually inclined portions of the cam grooves, effecting a powerful squeezing or clamping action of the jaws upon the work, the handle 41 being released and the movement of the ring 40 intermitted' as soon as the jaws have firmly clamped the work, at which time .the cam followers will have traveled to approximately the abrupt inwardly turned ends of the cam grooves. The jaws are released by swinging the hamdle lever 41 in the opposite direction, in an obvious manner.

Similarly, if the work is to be internally gripped or clamped, the jaws 10 are reversed from the position shown in Fig. 1, and, with the cam followers lying in the abrupt inwardly turned ends 25 of the cam grooves, the handle lever 41 is swung in a clockwise direction, viewing Fig. 3, carrying with it the movable internal gear 42, and this, acting through the planet gears 35, imparts an additional partial rotation to the cam ring rela tively to the. chuck body and in the same direction that the chuck body is rotating. This causes a rapid outward movement of the chuck jaws as the cam followers pass out of the inwardly turned ends 25 of the cam grooves; and thereafter the jaws are more gradually clamped into the work as the cam levers swing slowly outwardly under the powerful leverage afforded by the long slightly inclined intermediate portions of the cam grooves. It will thus be manifest that the chuck jaws can be closed for either external or internal gripping of the work by simple manipulation of the handle 41 irrespective of the speed at which the chuck may be rotating and also when the ,chuck may be idle.

It will be further observed that since each of the levers is held at one end by its fulcrum pin and at its other end between the walls of the cam groove against outward movement under centrifugal force, the latter does not and cannot have any appreciable influence or effect upon the mechanism. It will further be observed that in the present construction I have substituted a lever of the second class for the lever of the first class disclosed in my former patent, above referred to, thereby, for a given total length of lever, obtaining a more powerful leverage upon the chuck jaws. It will further be observed that in the present arrangement, the long arm of the lever follows its pivotal or fulcrum points with respect to the direction of rotation, rather than preceding it, as in the arrangement of my former patent, above referred to. This I have also found to be an advantage in respect to steadiness of operation and lessening of the effect of centrifugal force upon the lever arms.

Referring next to a feature of improvement which resides in a device for preventing an accidental turning of the jaw screw, this is best shown in Figs. 1 and 6, wherein the circular head 50 of the screw is formed with a circumferential V-sha ed groove 51, in which is fitted a friction s p it ring 52 having radially projecting end portions 53 lying side by side and held within a socket 54 formed in the jaw base member 8 just opposite the groove 51 of the jaw screw. The frictional grip of this ring on the jaw screw does not interfere with the adjustment or setting of the latter by a square tool entered in a correspondingly shaped socket 55 in the upper end of the screw, as is usual; but it effectively holds the screw against accidental turning when the chuck is in operation. This screw locking feature is not claimed herein, but forms the subject matter of a divisional application, Serial No. 440,318, filed January 27, 1921.

It is believed that my invention, its mode of operation and advantages will be readily understood from the foregoing without further description; and I also reserve all such variations and modifications in the details of construction and arrangement herein illustrated anddescribed as fairly fall within the purview of the invention as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a chuck, the combination of a rotatable chuck body, jaws movable radially therein, levers pivoted at one end on said chuck body and articulated intermediate their ends to said jaws, cam means concentrio with said body and normally rotating at the same speed and in the same direction with the latter and operating on said levers at their other ends to swing said levers in both directions, and means for rotating said cam means relatively to said chuck body while the latter is rotating, to effect actuation of said levers.

2. In a chuck, the combination of a rotatable chuck body, jaws movable radially therein, levers pivoted at one end on said chuck body and articulated intermediate their ends to said jaws, cam means sleeved upon the hub of said chuck body and operatively engaging said levers at their other ends to swing said levers in both directions, means normally effecting rotation of said cam means at the same speed and in the same direction as said chuck body, and manually operable means for increasing or decreasing the speed of rotation of said cam means relatively to the speed of rotation of said chuck body, whereby to actuate said levers.

3. In a chuck, the combination of a rotatable chuck body, jaws movable radially therein, levers pivoted at one end on said chuck body and articulated intermediate their ends to said jaws, a cam ring rotatable on said chuck body and formed with cam grooves each having abrupt outwardly and inwardly turned portions at its ends respectively and a relatively long gradually inclined intermediate portion, cam followers on the other ends of said levers riding in said cam grooves, means normally effecting rotation of said cam ring at the same speed and in the same direction as said chuck body, and manually operable means for increasing or decreasing the speed of rotation of said cam ring relatively to the speed of rotation of said chuck body, whereby to actuate said levers.

4. In a chuck, the combination of a rotatable chuck body, jaws movable radially therein and each formed with a rearwardly extending tenon on its base, levers pivoted at one end on said chuck body and each formed intermediate its ends with a circular bearing socket, a disk rotatably fitted in each of said sockets and itself formed with an aperture to receive said tenon and of greater width than the latter to permit arcuate movement of said tenon therein, a cam ring sleeved on said chuck body and formed in one face thereof with cam grooves each having abrupt outwardly and inwardly inturned end portions and a relatively long gradually inclined intermediate portion, cam followers on the other ends of said levers riding in said cam grooves, means normally efiecting 10 rotation of said cam r' at the same speed and in the same directlon as said chuck body, and manually operable means for increasing or decreaslng the speed of rotation of said cam ring relatively to the speed of 15 rotation of said chuck body, whereby to actuate said 1 vers.

WENDELL A. BARKER.

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