US1383732A - Method and apparatus for house construction - Google Patents

Description

M. L. LISOWSKI.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- 8, 1919- 1,383,732. Patented July' 5, 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET I.

M. L. LISOWSKI.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8, l9l9-- 97329 ATTORNEY M-. L. LISOWSKI.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- a, 1919.

1,383,732. Patented July 5, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

MARYAN L. LISOWSKI, OF CRANFORD, NEW ASSIGNOR TO M. L. PATENTS CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 8, 1919. Serial No. 322,452.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARYAN L. Lrsowsnr, a citizen of the United States, residing in Cranford, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Methods and Apparatus for House Construction, of which the following is a description.

This invention has reference to the art of building structures of limpid cement, that is, cement so composed as to be susceptible of pouring, as distinguished from being shoveled or plastered, and which will rapidly harden or set during the process of construction or shortly after a given operation is completed. Particularly, the inven-- tion relates to apparatus for use in the construction of buildings for dwellings, stores, storage or other purposes.

Among the objects of my invention may be noted the following: to provide a system of means, devices or apparatus by which a cement building can be erected quickly, economically, and with facility; to provide means by which cement buildings, such as houses, apartments, warehouses, garages, etc., can be erected floor-by-floor by pouring, with all the necessary rooms, partitions, win dows, doors, shafts, chimneys, etc., at practically a single operation; and to provide means, devices, and apparatus for carrying out my invention which involve comparatively low cost,'afford great facility, and are capable of being used over and over again in the construction of successive parts of the same building, or in other buildings of the same kind, or of different kinds, or having different structural characteristics.

In order that my invention may be readily understood, I have provided drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a build ing, or part of a building, taken substan tially on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2, showing my method of construction and some of the devices and apparatus employed in carrying out the same; I

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of a building, or part thereof, taken substantially on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a section of some of the devices used in carrying out my invention;

Fig. 4 is a side view of an adjusting device or foot piece used by me Fig. 5 is a front view Fig. 4E;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 66 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a'sectional plan of a mechanism employed in the construction of shafts, chimneys, or other similar hollow struc tures; j

Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7

Fig. ,9 is a plan View of a coupling for adjusting certain members of the framing used in constructing buildings;

Fig. 10 is anlenlarged view showing adjustable members or supports; and

Fig. 11 is a section on the line 111l of Fig. 10.

Primarily, it should be understood that it has heretofore been proposed to make individual parts of various structures by pouring cement into forms or molds of desired shape, such as walls, conduits, casings, columns, ceilings, etc.; but, no practical attempt hasbeen made to lay out and form or build, floor-byfioor, a building such as a dwelling house, apartment house or similar structure, requiring varied shapes of structural features including living-rooms, bed-rooms, bathrooms, shafts for light, heat, ventilation, dumbwaiters, and elevators, It has, however, been proposed to build a whole house at one time by pouring cement; but, this proposition has not been accompanied by a disclosure of any practical way, or devices, or mechanism by which to carry out the method suggested. According to my invention, a whole floor of a predetermined building can be projected or laid out and then formed or-produced by pouring so-called limpid cement, the result beingthat a large building can be erected floor-by-floorin a short time, with great economy of labor, and saving of forms, material andapparatus.

Referring to the drawings, which show an embodiment of my. invention and the method of producing a building, Fig. 2 shows a layout for an entirefloor of a predetermined structure, such as a dwelling, and therein the various rooms are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and the shaft or chimney is indicated by 3. The lay-out for the various rooms, spaces, and

of the device of features of construction thereof, such as Patented July 5, 1921.

6, forming the outer members of the casing, are bolted to timbers or beams 7, forming the inner members of the casing, the bolts being indicated by 8. The beams 6 are usually arranged at an angle to the beams 7, or obliquely to the wall to be erected. The bolts 8 are passed through sleevcs or tubes 8 so that the bolts can be readily withdrawn leaving;' the tubes embedded in the cement, see Fig. Certain bolts, however, may be left embedded in the cement, without the tubes, enabling them to be utilized for various purposes in the structure. The beams 7 are arranged as close together as may be found neressary for strength and, in addition to being bolted to beams 6, are supported on brackets 9 vcarried by uprights 10. As will be seen, viewing- Fig. 2, some of the inside beams 7 form the casing; for adjacent rooms. The uprights (see Figs. 1 and 10) are, preferably, made in several sections 10 and adjustably connected by bolts 11, adapted to enter registering holes 12, in the several sections. Thus, the length of the uprights can be regulated to suit varying heights of ceiling on the successive floors. The upright members 10 may be made various shapes in cross-section; but, are, preterably, angles or L-shaped, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11, enabling them to lit snugly together and slide readily relatively. The members 10 may be of different lengths and may be in any number of sections. The up per sections are provided with overturned ends 13 enabling; them to be secured to beams or joists i l wherever such connection may be necessary. To support the beams or joists 14, angle-beams or members 15 are interposed between the joists i l and ends 13 of the uprights l0, Figs. 1 and 10, thus torming; part of the i aiming for the ceiling of the room being built and the floor of the room above. The angle-beams 1.5 may be adjustably connected by cougflings or junction devices shown in detail in Fig. and in place in Fig. l, the beams having a series of holes lbto with holes l? in the plates 18 or the junction devices. The plates 18 are preferably angles to provide strength, and the plates or members are connected adjustably by the right-and-lett screw 19 working in threaded bosses 2 and manipulated by nut 21. The bosses 20 may be integral with plates 18 or may be formed on members 22 bolted at to the plates. Thus the con nection between beams or members 15 may be adjusted to suit conditions. The joists i l support loose planking Certain inside beams 25 may be rendered adjustable by sleeves or tul'nilar members 26 connectiim sections of said beams, thus enabling short brains to be utilized economically and to be fitted into various siz s of rooms. The adjustment may be made by inserting pins in registering apertures 26 in the members 26 i 1. The adjustable beams or members 25 are supported upon bravkets 27 carried by the uprights l0.

Platforms may be erected on theuprights 10 for workmen, or other purposes, by brackets 28 on which planks 29 may be laid. The uprights are supported and prevented from slipping by adjustable feet 30 composed of pointed screws, threaded into bosses 31 at the bottom oi one oi: the members 10, see Figs. 1 and 4t to The feet also enable the in and beams 25,-see

L ghts to be raised or lowered, as occasion demands, by manipulat-mg; the screw with a wrench applied to the angular head 32. The uprights 10 are also braced and rigidly held by brace-bars pivoted at 34; to the members l0 and formed with a threaded socket in which works a pointed foot 35 capable of being manipulated by a wrench applied to its angular body. Base boards 36 are employed for the purpose of keeping the framing level and even all around, see Fi l, and the beams 6 and 7 retain the formaembers in place and :trom buckling, bulging or sagging. In order to prevent the beams 7 from falling or being knocked or jarred oil the brackets 9, hooks 38, Fig. 3, are pivoted to the adjacent uprights 10 so that they may swing into position to enter apertures in the beams 7. Temporary 'tastcners, in the form of tacks or short nails 4:0 may secure the beams 7 to the brackets 9; and likewise the joists 14 be secured to the uprights 10, as shown at &1, Fig. 10.

l z hen the framing described has been erected, the torm-plates are set in place, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, wherein outside formplates are shown in overlapping relation and providing a complete outer wall for holding the cement. Then the inner tormpla'les 4:3 are in place and are arranged in overlapping relation. At the corners, or an es, oi the various rooms or structural '7 es thereot, angular form-plates 414 are used both inside and outside; and on the vertical walls inside the framing); certain of the -lcran-plates are interlocked with each other by a joint so which enables "the plates laterally, as desired, to enable door ames, window-frames, etc, to be adjusted or set in place, or for any other purpose desired. The joint 45 enables certain ot the vertical itoi'n plates to be hung; in proper position and retained in place. The door-: rames are shown at 45, Fig. l, and windovr-tramcs at l7, Fig. 2, and, in Fig. l, the outline or" the window-frames is shown in dotted lines.

I have thus described the means by which the framing is erected and the casing for the cement is produced and in so doing have set forth the various devices and apparatus employed in making the walls, partitions,

certain parts of the drawings. That is to sa 1 in Fi 2 ceilin alatin or forms 48 are 7 D 7 b C shown in place in room 1; in room 4t the plating 48 is omitted to show the planking 2st and adjustable joists 14:; in room 3 the uprights l0 and beams 7 are shown, together with the means by which (Fig. 9) the beams may be adjustably held; in room 2 the up rights 10 are shown with the means for holding the same rigidly, and brackets 28 with .1 planks 29 are also partially shown; and in Fig. 1 ceiling corner-plates 19 are shown, angular in form, interlocking with the inner plates 43, the angular form of the ceiling corner-plates operating to support the inner plates 43, as shown.

In Figs. 7 and 8, I have shown means for forming shafting, chimneys, dumb-waiter shafts, and similar hollow structures, and have also shown the same in a desired posi tion in Fig. 2. In the figures, indicates overlapping, angular formplates arranged so as to produce the required shaft, the plates being held in position by planks 51 acting as a backing for the circular heads 52 on socketbars 53 in which work the smooth ends 54 of rack-bars 55, in mesh with a gear 56, carried by a shaft 57 having an angular terminal 58 at one end for engagement of a crank or wrench, as may be convenient. Socketbars 53 are guided in and supported by a rectangular frame 59,. and rack-bars are guided in and supported by a rectangular frame 60. The shaft 57 will be suitably held at its lower end so as to hold. the gear 56, which; in turn, will maintain the racks and sockets up to their work. Thus a shaft or chimney form may be set up for construction in any portion of the building, said form coeperating with form-plates of adjacent walls to produce the mold or casing into which the cement is poured.

Having thus described the details of the mechanism, devices, and members employed in carrying out my invention, the latter will be readily understood from the following: Regardless of the form. of the building or its many permanent structural characteristics or features, the inside framing of the various rooms is first set up, including the uprights, angle-beams and joists, the workmen operating, when necessary, from the platforms; then the outside framing is set up. The form-plates are then applied and are bolted together and to the framing members. The door and window-frames are set in place where required, and the entire structure is ready to have the cement C poured between the form-plates which is readily accomplished by suitable mechanism, the cement readily flowing to all parts of the structure because of the absence of obstructing angles. This feature is important. Moreover, since but one floor at a time is molded and hardened, the hydraulic pressure on the molds is inconsequential, this being an important factor since no bulging or distorting of the molds can occur, and the cement will harden as rapidly asa floor is completed and will become a foundation for the next suc ceeding floor to be constructed. Succeeding floors may be constructed in the manner above described and use may be made of the same framing and forms over and over again.

It will be understood that structural iron, iron beams, wire, wire-mesh, rods,-etc., may be used anywhere in the structure as may be desired, to form reinforcements or make connections if found necessary. The framing and form-plates can readily be removed after the cement is set, the knocking down operation being begun by removing all bolts and mechanical devices. 7

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I

1. Apparatus for use in building framework for cement structures comprising a plurality of form plates for ceiling and side walls; beams for supporting the ceiling and side wall plates; angle beams and junction devices for supporting the ceiling beams; uprights for supporting the angle beams and side wall beams; and telescoping beams mounted upon the uprights and bracing the side wall beams.

2. Apparatus for use in building the frame-work for cement structures comprising a plurality of interlocking form plates for the side wall structure; a plurality of overlapping form plates for the ceiling; ceiling and side wall beams coeperating with the overlapping and interlocking plates respectively; uprights and means for coeperating therewith for supporting the overlapping and interlocking plates; and means carried by the uprights for bracing the latter.

8. Apparatus for use in building the frame-work for cement structures comprising a plurality of interlocking form plates for the side wall structure; a plurality of overlapping form plates for the ceiling; ceiling and side wall beams cotiperating with the overlapping and interlocking plates respectively; uprights and means cooperating therewith for supporting the overlapping and interlocking plates; means pivmembers for supporting a plurality of beams; an adjustable toot carried by one of the members of the upright; a brace-bar pivotally mounted upon the member carrying the foot, said brace-bar having a pointed member; and means for adjusting the same on the brace-bar.

5. Apparatus for use in building the frame-Work for cement structures comprising a plurality of vertically adjustable uprights; a plurality of horizontally adjustable angle-beams connecting the several uprights at their upper ends; a plurality of telescoping, horizontally adjustable brace beams also connecting said uprights; and means for removably mounting the brace beams upon the uprights.

6. Apparatus for use in building the frame-Work for cement structures comprising a plurality of uprights; angle-beams connecting said uprights at their upper ends; brace beams connecting said uprights between their ends; means for adjusting the uprights vertically; means for adjusting the angle-beams longitudinally; and means for adjusting the side beams longitudinally.

7. Apparatus for use in building the frame-work for cement structures comprising a plurality of uprights; supporting brackets secured to said uprights; beams connecting the uprights adapted to be supported by the brackets; and hooks pivotally mounted on the uprights adapted to enter apertures in the beams for retaining the latter on the brackets.

MARYAN L. LISOl/VSKI.

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