US1341788A - Heating device - Google Patents

Description

A. M. DUTTWEILER.

HEATING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.19, 1918.

Patented June 1, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 A. M. DUTTWEILERQ HEATING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED 3AN.19, I918.

Patented June 1 1920-. Q

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

ALBERT M. DUTTWEILER, 0F CAMBRIDGE CITY,- INDIANA.

HEATING DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 1, 1920'.

Application filed January 19, 1918. Serial No. 212,561.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT M. DUTT wnrLnR, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cambridge City, in the county of "Wayne and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Devices, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to heating devices, such as stoves and furnaces, in which a solid fuel is employed, and its object is, broadly stated, to provide an improved construction adapted to effect a more thorough and complete combustion of the fuel ingredients and a more economical burning of the fuel, thereby enabling a cheaper grade of coal to be used.

In the ordinary type of heating device having induced draft only, a large proportion of the heat units in the fuel is wasted. To oxidize completely all the fuel requires a large amount of oxygen to be supplied. The ordinary grate will not supply such an amount, and in addition it will not supply air within the solid fuel. Therefore, the unconsu med or partly consumed fuel gas driven off from the fuel passes out through the smoke pipe and is wasted.

The present invention aims to provide an improved construction which accomplishes a saving of fuel by adding means for introducing highly heated air within and at the sides of the solid fuel and means for supplying air above the fuel. The construction shown is a channeled frame having vertical integral bars and a supporting plate, the bars being spaced apart and extending from the grate upwardly through the fuel. The separation of the bars produces a plurality of air channels up which air may pass and from which the air may passlaterally in 7 both directions into the body of the fuel.

The channeled frame may be used without employing the means for admitting air above the fuel, but when bothare employed in combination, a greatly superior result is attained, and such a result is the principal object of this invention. When both are used, the channeled bars admit a large amount of highly heated air to the solid fuel and this air combines with the fuel gas evolved and oxidizes it, completely or partially. As the partly oxidized gas rises from the solid fuel it is met by and mixed with additional air admitted above the fuel, this additional air being also highly heated and thus the fuel gas is completely oxidized, thereby giving out all the heat possible to obtain from i WVhen the ordinary type of grate is employed, combustion is retarded by the ashes which accumulate in the grate and fill the spaces between the solid fuel units near the grate. Such ashes prevent proper distribution of air to the interior of the solid fuel. The present invention overcomes this difficulty by the channels referred to which supply air passages leading to the fuel above the grate, and thereby the ashes do not diminish the amount of air supplied, and the air admitted within the solid fuel stimulates the action of the fire and aids in preventing the formation of soot and clinkers, and this is a further object of the invention.

In order to provide the best arrangement of air channels, for applying air'laterally to the solid fuel, thechannels are formed between elements, in the form of bars having greater breadth than thickness, and

these bars are positioned so that their edges abut the solid fuel, and preferably at nearly a-right angle to the fuel, whereby the sides of the bars will be away from the fuel and thus not face the fire. These bars are near enough together to retard the fuel from fall ing into the air channels. As shown the bars are formed integrally with a supporting plate, and the construction of the bars and plate produce the effects just referred to.

Referring to the-drawings, Figure l'is a perspective view of the lower part of a stove to which the invention is shown as applied;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical section through the fire pot of the stove, the section being taken longitudinally of the channeled frame shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view, partly in section, of a portion of the fire box showing inclined bars arranged at the side of the fire box, these bars providing air channels;

Fig. l is a detail view of the grate bars 12 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 5 is a detail view of a modified form of the channeled frame shown in Figs. 1 and 2 with an additional means for admitting air thereto.

Referring to Fig. 1, the stove proper need not be particularly described as the form shown is merely for illustration. It comprises a fire pot 1 shown as of annular form and withinwhich the solid fuel is placed as usual. Directly above the fire pot proper is a frame 2 having a number of apertures 3. As will be laterdescribed this frame 2 is carried inside the outer stove casting, Whereby the hollow internal portion of the frame marked 4; provides an air channel, the air passing out into the space above the fuel through the holes 3. Supported in the fire box is a channel frame 5, this comprising a 7 top plate 6 and-vertical bars 7 the bars extending downwardly through the solid fuel to a point closely adjacent the usual grate. In the sectional view of Fig. 2 the channeled frame 5 and the vertical bars 7 are clearly shown. These bars are spaced apart by the upper plate of the frame 5 and by projecio'ns 8 near their lower ends. The grate is marked with the numeral 9 and may be of any desired form, though as shown it is provided directly under the channeled frame 5 with large apertures so as to permit a considerable amount of air to pass upwardly. It will be understood that the section of Fig. 2 is taken centrally of the fire pot and at points to the side of that central line the grate 9 may be of ordinary construction.

The annular frame 2 may be integrally formed with vertical air channels 11 on opposite sides of the frame and these channels are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The channels extend downwardly to the grate 9 and per mit air to pass upwardly from the grate into the frame 2. The channel 11 at the front of the stove is shorter than the one at the rear to provide clearance for the stove door. For the same reason the annular channel 2 terminates in closed ends, as at 2 The air from the front channel 11 is conducted to the space 4 of channel 2 by means of air passages 11 and an aperture 11 opening into the space 4.

To aid the channeled frame 5 in admitting air to the solid fuel the fire pot may be provided around its lower side with vertical inclined plates 12, these being separated by may or may not be employed as desired for introducing air at the upper ends of the channels between the bars 7 Here the frame plate 5 is shown as hollow and vertical tubes 1a which extend upwardly to the topof the stove and communicate with the outer air are provided. Some of these tubes pass into the upper portion of the channel frame 5 and some of them pass through that upper portion, thus emitting air into channels between the bars 7 The upper portion of the channeled frame is provided with holes 15 through which air passes out into the fire pot above the solid fuel.

In the operation of the device the fuel is inserted into the fire pot in any desired way and entirely surrounds the channeled frame 5 and rests against the vertical inclined plates 12. When the fire is started the air passes upwardly through the grate 9 through the channels between the bars and out into the body of the solid fuel. As the fire heats the vertical bars 7 very hot the air passing up the channels becomes highly heated and thus is well adapted to combine with the fuel ingredients of the fuel and oxidize them. Of course, the same effect is produced by the inclined plates 12, these serving to admit air laterally to the body of the solid fuel at the sides of the fire box. With the employment of both the channeled frame 5 and the plates 12 air is admitted to many points of the solid fuel and thus a complete combustion is attained.

Ordinarily not all the fuel ingredients are completely oxidized by the admission of air from the channeled frame and such 'fuel.

consumed state meet with additional air and i are entirely consumed. This air passes up the channels 11 at the sides of the fire box, becomin thereby highly heated, and then moves throughout the apertured frame 2 and passes therefrom through the orifices 3 into the fire pot.

It will be seen that the parts of the heating device are of such form or shape as best to withstand the effects of heat from the fire. The vertical bars 7 of the channeled frame are of large cross section and thereby are subject to only very slow deterioration. As shown the plates 7 are oblong in shape and are positioned in approximately a diametrically vertical section of the fuel container. The channel frame may be made of any fire resisting material, such as fire clay, or may be made of metal or of fire clay reinforced with metal. The only requirement is that it shall be fire resisting and shall readily give off its heat to the air passing up the channels between the vertical bars.

The independent air current above the fuel moderates the fire below it and thus a very hot fire may be continued for many hours channels inside the fuel and thus the intimate relation of air and fuel needed is obtained. In the ordinary stove such an intimate relation is obtained only by a strong draft and that consumes the coal rapidly. The present invention provides for supplying a large amount of oxygen without a strong draft and thus permits the use of a cheap coal, which is not rapidly consumed.

To produce a moderated fire with a cheap grade of soft coal and at the same time conserve all the heat units and permit the fire to run for many hours without replenishing the fuel requires a carefully balanced supply of highly heated air. Experiments haveshown that with the construction of the invention from one-third to one-half of this air is supplied within the body of the solid fuel and one-third to one-half above the solid fuel. These amounts may vary but normally at least one-third of the air will be supplied within the solid fuel and one-third above it. However, when ashes clog the grate the proportion of air passing therethrough will be somewhat diminished and then about one-half of the air will be supplied from each source. The stove of the application is designed to cause this proportion to obtain.

With the construction shown it is usually desirable that the channels within the solid fuel may extend above it so as to allow the products of combustion to pass upward and not choke the fire. In other words, the normal level of the solid fuel should be below the top of the channels. However, this is obviously not essential as air entering the channels will pass therefrom into the solid fuel even if the fuel level is above the top of the channels.

In the form illustrated in the drawings the independent fiues or channels are formed separately from'the fire pot itself, but it will be understood that this is not essential as these fiues may readily be formed in-.

tegrally with the fire pot, as, for example, by making a single casting of the fire pot and the flues.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a heating appliance, in combination, means to provide within the solid fuel a plurality of vertically arranged air channels laterally opened to the solid fuel and vertically opened to a grate, an air distributer positioned above the solid fuel, and

means to supply an independent air current to the distributer above the fuel.

2. In a heating appliance, in combination, means to provide within the solid fuel a plurality of air channels laterally opened to the solid fuel and vertically opened to a grate, an annular channel adapted to convey and distribute .air above the solid fuel, and means for directing an independent air current to the distributer above the fuel.

3. In a heating appliance, in combination, means to provide within the solid fuel a plurality of air channels laterally opened to the solid fuel and vertically opened to a grate, an annular channel positioned above the solid fuel and adapted to convey and distribute air above the solid fuel, and an independent fiue adapted to convey a positiyiely acting air current to the annular channe 4:. In a heating appliance, in combination with a fuelcontainer, a plurality -of, air channels formed at the side of the fuel container and adapted to apply air laterally to the solid fuel and to receive air directly through a grate, means to provide within the solid fuel a plurality of air channels laterally opened to the solid fuel, an auxiliary air distributer positioned above the solid fuel and adapted to apply air above the solid fuel, and means to convey an independent air current to the distributer above the fuel.

5. In a heating appliance, in combination, an air distributer in the form of a hollow ring occupying a position above the solid fuel in a substantially horizontal plane adapted to receive a current of air heated by said fuel and having openings through which saidv air may be applied above the solid fuel, and means to apply air to the solid fuel from within the solid fuel.

6. In a heating appliance, in combination with a fuel container of annular form, an air conducting structure rectangular in form positioned within the solid fuel in an approximately diametrical vertical section of the fuel container and dividing the fuel container into two fuel sections, and adapted to receive air through a grate and to apply said air laterally to the solid fuel from two opposite sides of said air conducting structure.

7 In a heating appliance, in combination with a fuel container, means to provide within the solid fuel a plurality of vertically disposed air channels adapted to apply air to the solid fuel from within the solid fuel, and means to apply into the air channels an upper air current.

8. In a heating appliance, the combination, with a fuel container, a plurality of integral bars vertically arranged in said fuel container, and spaced apart to form air channels adapted to introduce air into the sollid fuel from opposite sides of said channe s.

9. In a heating appliance, the combination, with an annular fuel container, and a horizontal grate therein having apertures to permit vertical passage of air, of a plurality of integral bars vertically arranged in said fuel container and directly above said grate, said bars forming air channels between them, directly over said grate apertures, and means for supporting said integral bars from the side of said fuel container.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

ALBERT M. DUTTWEILER.

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