US1282120A - Fluid-pressure-testing machine. - Google Patents

Description

C. L. PATTERSON.

FLUlD PRESSURE TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED NOV-1,!917.

Patented Oct. 22, 1918.

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FLUID PRESSURE TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1, 1917 1282,1290 Patented Oct. 22, 1918,

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C. L. PATTERSON.

FLUID PRESSURE TESTING. MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1. 1'91? Patented Oct. 22, 1918.

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LFLUID-PRESSURE-TESTING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 2:2;1918.

Application filed November 1, 1917. 1 Serial- No. 199,159;

To all whomsz't concern Beit known-that I, "CLARENGEL. PATTER- soru acitizen oftheUnitedStates of Amerioa, re'siding at Detroit, in the county of VVa'yne and State of 'Miehigrm,have invented certain I, new anduseful Improvements: in Fluid PressureaTesting Ma-chines, of which the iolloaving is a specification; reference loo- 1 ing ha d therein to the accompanying drawin Theinvention relates tomachines for applying internal pressurein-the testingof the strength ofhollow bodies, being more particularly desi-gned fon'the testing of shells for projectiles; The invention 'con sists in the novel means =e1npl0yed=for filling the holloi'v bodies with liquid and excluding all air orgas therefrom; furtherflnvarious features of construction as hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is-a front elevation partly in sectioniof the apparatus FigfQ is a sectional .sidelelevation thereof; Fig. 3 is anenlargedsectionthrough the high pressure-sealing gap;

Fig.'4- is horizontal section through the hollow resser head; and

FigT'5 is avertical sctiodthereth-rough. I A is the iraine forsupportin'g the apparatus', comprising the bed o'r; table A and legs B andB are pa'rallelrods or colunins mounted in the bed" or table A and Textending' upward anddownwardtherefrom. C is across-head -at theupper ends of the rods B B and Which carries the hydraulic cylinder D having a downwardly-projecting -piston E whichis connecteclwith a cross-head F 'slidably -engaging the rods B and B. and G a'resprings sleeved-upon the rods' B and B, their lower ends abutting against'coll-ars and H on said-rods and their upperends bearing against the crossiheadiF and yield-ably pressingthe same -up- Ward. I is across+headat the lower ends of the depending portions of therodsB and B,' which carries a'hydraulic cylinder Jhaving the upwardly-projecting piston K engagi'nga cross head L slidable I on said rods Band B. is a-secondhydraulie cylinder arranged below-the cylinder'J and having a downwardly-extending piston 'N'engaging :the cross-head O Whichis coupled by rods? and P 'With the cross-headL.

The" arrangement is such 1 that t the operation of the pistonK in-the cylinderiJ. will raise the cross-head L, while the operation of the piston N in the cylinder M rWlll lower said cross-head.

The hollow bodies .to b6 tested are ar-= ranged between the cross-head F and the bed A bQTI1ghG1d in position by the pres-'- sure in'the cylinder =D operating upon 1 the piston E and cross-head F. -The testing pressure is developed by the 1 upward move ment of-the cross head L underthe actuation of the piston: K and the cylinder J, the constructionv of the apparatus for this i purpose. being as follows: Q is a high pressure chamber mounted on the bed AQ'and R is a ram orpiston operating insaid cylinder and actuated by the cross-headL. The crosssectionalarea of the piston'R is small rela= tive to the area of the niston K in'the cylinder J, and consequently there Will beapro portionately great multiplication of power to produce the desired highhydraulic-pres-' sure in the cylinder Q. It is very'essential' trapping any air or other elastic gas. These desired results I-haveobtained by immers ingthe cylinder and sealingheadin atankotliquid which is of sufficient canacityto permit of filling the shells or hollow b odies thereinyand Without withdrawalof thesanie to' place them in engagement 'Wltll the seat. Thus, as shown, S is the tank which is mounted upon the bed or table A to surround and to extend upward above the cylinder Q. -At the front this tank has a dependingportion S of suflicient depth to completely immerse the shells or other hollow bodies to be'tested and also of a Width Which permits-of turning the articlesywhile beneath the liquid, so as to maintain the mouth beneath the level of the liquid While 1 engaging the same Withthe sealing'seat. This sealing seat is preferably formed by an annularunember T, which is provided with a bead T- surrounding-the rnoutlijof the cylinderand engageable with theend use they may be replaced or re-ground. The

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joint between the member T and the cylinder Q is sealed by providing an annular tongue T on the member T engaging a corresponding groove in the member Q and bearing upon a gasket "W therein. Y is a high pressure gage which is connected to an aperture Z in the cylinder Q, the connection being immersed in the tank S.

With the construction as described in operation, the shell or other article to be tested is first placed in the portion S of the tank and is completely filled. with liquid. It is then inverted and drawn upward so that its open end while still beneath the level of liquid may be placed upon the gasket U on the seat T. Fluid under pressure is then admitted to the cylinder D, which will depress the piston E against the upper end of the shell, forcing the same to its seat and holding it there with sufiicient pressure to more than counteract any upward pressure developed by the piston R. It is desirable to test the strength of the ends of the shells as well as the cylindrical bodies thereof, and to permit of this a bearing block is arranged between the piston E and the shell, said block having an annular seat portion for engaging the marginal portion of the shell without supporting or bearing against the bottom thereof. The block E is also cut awayat E sutficiently to permit of inspection of the top of the shell while the pressure is being applied thereto. To permit of uniform distribution of pressure on the shell the block E preferably has its upper end of segmental spherical form and engaging a corresponding bearing upon the lower end of the piston E, thereby permitting a slight rocking for the distribution of the pressure.

After the shell is forced to its seat and held by the pressure in the cylinder D, fluid is admitted to the cylinder J, which, operating against the piston K, will move the same upward, carrying with it the crosshead L and piston R. The latter will apply the pressure to the fluid within the high pressure chamber Q, which is in direct cornmunication with the interior of the shell and consequently the desired pressure may be applied, this being indicated by the gage Y As soon as the test is completed the pressure of the piston R is relieved, which is accomplished by admitting fluid to the cylinder M to operate upon the piston N, which through the rods P and P will draw upon the cross-head L and depress the piston R. This positive means of disengagement is desirable as the friction produced by the packing about the piston R will interpose considerable resistance to the movement thereof. Pressure in the cylinder D is then re lieved, aermitting the springs G and G to raise the cross-head F, which permits of removing the shell from its seat and placing another shell to be tested in engagement therewith. The tested shells when removed from the tank will empty the liquid back thereinto, and in this way the filling and the emptying is expeditiously performed.

My construction has many advantages, first, in the development of the high pressure adjacent to the point of application to the seat for the shell. This avoids heavy construction and difliculty in securing perfect sealing of high pressures incident to the development of the pressure at a more re.

mote point. Another advantage is the testing of the shell in inverted position and with 1 the bearing for the upper end cut away for the double purpose of exposing this end to the testing pressure and for observationto detect any defects. A still further advantage is the arrangement of the tank on the bed or table for the filling and emptying-of the shells, which avoids the slopping of the water over the mechanism and'renders it possible for a single operator to easily manipulate the machine. 4

What I claim as my invention is: 1. In atestingmachine, the combination with a chamber and a member movable therein to develop high pressure, of an annular seat for the hollow article to be tested in connection therewith, said. seat having an.

opening therethrough directly communicat-. ing with said chamber, means for rigidly holding the article upon said seat, and means for surrounding said article and seatin the sealing fluid.

2. In a testing machine, the combinationwith a chamber and a member movabletherein to develop high pressure, of an an upper end and having an annular seat foi" the hollow article to be tested surrounding said opening, of a fluid container surrounding said seat and permitting of theimmersing, filling and reversing. of the hollow articles to be-tested and vtheniovement-of the same with the mouth below the level of the liquid into engagement with said seat.

4. In a testing machine, the combination with a ,high pressure chamber. having an opening at its upper end and an annular seat for the hollow article to be tested surroundingsaid'opening, of a fluid container surrounding said seat and permitting of the immersion, filling and reversing of the hollow articles to be tested and movement of the same while the mouth is still immersed into engagement with said seat, hydraulic means for holding the article to be tested in engagement with its seat, a piston in said high pressure chamber, and means for moving said piston upward to develop the desired internal pressure in said cylinder and connected hollow article.

5. In a testing machine, the combination with means for developing high fluid pres sure, of an annular seat for the hollow article to be tested in connection with said fluid pressure developing means, means for rigidly holding the article to be tested upon said seat, and a fluid container surrounding said seat, the level of the liquid within said container being above the seat to immerse the mouth of the hollow article while en; gaged with the seat.

6. In a testing machine, the combination with high fluid pressure developing means and an annular seat for the hollow article to be tested in communication therewith, of

means for holding said article to its seat, said means engaging the margin only of the closed end portion of said article and eX- posing said end portion to observation.

7. The combination with high fluid pressure developing means and an annular seat for the article to be tested in connection therewith, of a hydraulic press for holding the hollow article to be tested to said seat, and a block through which the pressure is applied to said article having an annular marginal bearing thereon and rockable in relation to said hydraulic press to uniformly distribute the pressure through said bearing to the article.

8. In a testing machine, the combination with an annular seat for the open end of the hollow article to be tested, of a container surrounding said seat and provided with liquid for immersing the same, means for holding said hollow article to the seat, and a ram or piston for directly applying pressure to the fluid within said seat and hollow body to develop high pressure therein.

9. In a testing machine, the combination with an annular seat for the hollow article to be tested, of a container surrounding said seat and provided with liquid for immersing the same, said container permitting of the immersion and filling with the liquid of the hollow articles to betested, a. pressure gage connected with said seat, means for holding the filled hollow articles to be tested to the seat, and a ram or piston for directly applying'pressure to the liquid within said seat and hollow articleto develop high pressure therein. I

10. In a testing machine, the combination of a hollowhead or cylinder a removable and replaceable annular seat engaging said head or cylinder, a tank for containing liquid surrounding and immersing said seat, means for holding the hollow article to be tested to said seat, and a plunger or piston slidable in said hollow head for directly pressing on the liquid within said seat and hollow article to develop high pressure.

11. In a testing machine, the combination with an annular seat for the hollow article to be tested and means for developing high fluid pressure through the opening in said seat, of means for holding the article to its seat including a bearing member engaging the marginal portion only of the end of said hollow article and cut away for observation of the central portion of said end.

12. In a testing machine, the combination with a high pressure chamber, having an annular seat for a hollow article to be tested, of a fluid container surrounding said seat and communicating with said chamber through an opening in said seat, said container permitting of the immersing and filling of the hollow articles to be tested, and allowing movement of the same while the mouth of the article is still immersed into engagement with said seat, hydraulic means for holding the article to be tested in engagement with its seat, a piston in said high pressure chamber, and means for moving said piston upward to develop the desired internal pressure in said chamber and connected hollow article.

13. The combination with high fluid pressure developing means, and an annular seat for the article to be tested in connection therewith, of means for applying pressure to the hollow article to be tested to maintain the same upon its seat, and a block through which the pressure is applied to said article having an annular marginal bearing thereon and rockable in relation to said pressure ap plying means to uniformly distribute the pressure through said bearing to the article.

14. In a testing machine, the combination with high fluid pressure developing means, and an annular seat for the hollow article to be tested in communication therewith, of hydraulic means for holding said article to its seat, said means engaging the margin only of the closed end portion of said article and exposing said end portion to observation.

15. The combination with high fluid pressure developing means, and an annular seat for the article to be tested in connection therewith, of a press for holding the hollow article to be tested to said seat, and a block through which the pressure is applied to said article having an annular marginal bearing thereon, and rockable in relation to said press to uniformly distribute the pressure through said bearing to the article, said block having a central recess and lateral side openings in communication With said 10 recess to permit of observation of the engaged article.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

CLARENCE L. PATTERSON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Fatents, Washington, G.

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