US1274049A - Universal red dye and method of producing the same. - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PafraNT ormoa' CHARLES C. HUFFMAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOB TO SUNIBEAM CHEMICAL COMPAIIY, OF CHICAGQJILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

UNIVERSAL RED DYE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME.

Ho Drawing.

To all whom itma concern: I

Be it known t at '1, CHARLES C. Horr- MAN a citizen of the United States, and resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook andState of Illinois, have discovered a certain-new and useful Universal Red Dye and Methods of Producing the Same, of which the followin is a spec ation.

-My discovery re ates to dyes and par- 'ticularly to a novel red dye soap having the same whether a large or small quantity is employed and whether it is used in hot or cold water. 'It is preferabl used with hot water for the reason that t e soap will not act to thoroughly cleanse the article unless the water is hot. The effect of deepening the shades by the use of hot water is not resent and this is of at importance if 1t be desired to repr uce certain colors.

The ordinary user has no means of determiningwhether the "same tem erature is \employed in each instance. Nelther would be able to determine whether exactly the same quantit of the dyeing material was employed. y the use of my product the colors may be duplicated with ease and certainty. p My improved dye soap should not be confused with those in which the soap acts merely as a carrier or vehicle for the dye, as thefollowing description will show that the final roduct is the result of peculiar reactions which take place between the dye and the elements of the soap and which product could not be secured by the use of the materials heretofore employed or as heretofore combined. By reason of the novelprocess of compounding and the selection of substances which enter into the compound, a dye is roduced which is equal if not superior to tliose which require boiling and the addition of a mordant for setting the color.

An important distinction of my dye soap Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed Septembier 24, 1917. Serial no. 192,074.

Patented July 30, 1918'.

over any such article heretofore produced is that t e soap'is manufactured by the cold process and many advantages result therefrom.

A further important distinction of the dyes roduced by me is that they are alkali proof, irrespective of the characteristics of the dyes that is, basic neutral or acid, be fore combining in the soap.

A still further distinction is that the d es are universal, that is, adaptablelto eit er cotton, wool, silk or flax, or mixtures thereof.

One of the important advantages following the use of the method disclosed is that of allowing the glycerol, which is a by-product of the saponlfication process, to remain in the pyoduct. This is liberated when the soap is dissolved and cooperates with the dye'in attacking the fabric. Furthermore, it assists in fixing the colors following the application of heat, as in the act of ironing, a er the fabric has been dried.

The composition and the method of reparing it will now be described in detail.

In order to establish a basis for the proportions of ingredients, it will be assumed that it is desired to produce five gross of one ounce bars of the soap. To produce this quantity, three llons and forty-two ounces of vegetable oil and one gallon and twenty-four ounces of sodium hydroxid (NaOH) of a specific gravity of 1.40 at F. are combined. The oil or oils used may be varied. Olive, soy bean, raisin, peanut, crude corn, or any vegetable oil may be used separately or combined with cocoanut oil. The proportions of the cocoanut oil and other 0118 will vary according to weather conditions. Under normal conditions one gallon, fourteen ounces of cocoanut oil will be emplo ed to two allons, twenty-eight ounces 0 the other oils. In warm, dry weather the proportion of cocoanut 011 should be lessened and increased in water and added to the incompletely saponified soap mixture. The heat of the reaction together-with the heat supplied in the boilmg water serves to raise the temperature of .105 which is dissolved in one gallon of boiling elimination of a molecule of water.

at the the the The exact formula of the resulting dye has not been determined. It is, however, materially different from the formula of the anilin acid red and is universal and alkali proof. The difi'erent shades, such as tlesh, pink, rose pink, etc., are produced by lessening the quantity of the dye employed in the original compound. 'hen the soap is used the color is not. changed or deepei'ied by employing a water solution of varying temperatures. The color will be the same whether cold or hot water is used.

To produce orange, salmon and similar shades, red and chrysoidin are separately dissolved,'each in two quarts of boiling water and separately added to the soap compound. The chrysoidin solution is first added and after the reaction is complete. the red solu tion is added.

Lavender, old rose, purple and similar shades are made by dissolving red and methylene blue, each in two quarts of boiling water. In this instance the red is first added to the soap compound and then the blue. By following the method described there will be no precipitation of the ditl'erent. colors although in ordinary practice this would occur.

After allowing a few minutes for the re action to take )lace and after the dye has become thoroughly mixed with the soap, the soap is poured into molds where it is allowed to remain at a temperature of about 80 l. for forty-eight hours.

By comparison of the pro mrtionsot vegetable oil and sodium hydroxid it. will be noticed that there is a substantial excess of the latter even when the water containing the dye is added. Of course, the amount of the saponifying agent. may be varied somewhat but in any case an excess should be employed.

It will he noted that the glycerol is not removed from the product. and therefore. will be released as the soap is dissolved. It. will he absorbed by the fabric along with the dye aml will assist in fixing the. dye when heat is applied to the fabric as in ironing. It has furtlu-rmore, an advantageous ell'ect on the fabric in softening the same aml brightening the colors.

In use the soap and the garment or fabric to be dyed are introduced into hot water and the soap is a plied directly tothe fabric to thoroughly cleanse the same. liven though the soap is applied locally or only in spots the coloring will be even. lfiu'thermorc. the hands or container will not. be colored.

the. mixture to approximately 122" F., which time the color acid reacts with excess of sodium hydroxid forming sodium salt of the color acid with .\t'ter the article is cleansed and dyed it is rinsed in cold water and dried in the \ts l manner. The dye will be found to be alkali proof.

lt. will he noted that the soap is manufactured by the cold process. By reason of this process of maiuifzu'ture I am enabled to secure an absolutely uniform product with regard to the colors produced. The, low temperaturesemployed are much more easily controlled and the necessary reaction between the soap and the dye is completed with a certainty which is not possible in a settled soap.

1 claim:

1. A universal, alkali proof red dye combined with soap which consists of the reaction produetsot an anilin acid red which has been added to a soap solution containing an excess of sodium hydroxid, substantially as described.

3. The method of producing a universal, alkali proof anilin acid red dye combined with soap which consists in combining a vegetable oil and a quantity of sodimn hydroxid in excess of that required for saponitication, then dissolving anilin acid red in hot. water and adding the dye solution to the saponitied, solution just before saponifica tion is completed, then thoroughly mixing, aml then molding the soap, substantially as described.

ll. The method of producing an alkali proof, universal anilin acid red dye combined with soap, which consists in saponifying a vegetable oil with a substantial excess of the saponitying agent, then dissolving anilin acid red in water and adding the same to the soap solution prior to the complete saponitication and without removal of glycerol from the soap. the temperature of the compound after the addition of the dye being raised to substantially 122 F., then allowing the reaction to be completed and finally allowing solidification, substantially as described.

4. A dye soap formed by combining approximately four hundred and twenty-six parts of a vegetable oil and one hundred and titty-two parts of sodium bydroxid of a specitic gravity of 1.40 at F., then adding to the compound just prior to complete sapouiiication, o'ne hundred and tweut veight parts of hot water in which substantially eight ounces of anilin acid red has been dissolved, substantially as described.

Signed at (hit-ago, Hcptemher, ltll'i'.

CHARLES (T. HUFFMAN.

1 ll., this 22nd day of l.'it ness:

'1. 1). Burton.